Anatomy By: Ahmad Tawalbeh & Wala'a Malkawi

The stomach is located in the abdominal cavity. The abdominal cavity is the space within the abdomen that contains various organs including the stomach, liver, intestines, and kidneys. It is surrounded by the abdominal muscles and is protected by the rib cage. The location of the stomach in the abdominal cavity allows it to receive and digest food, and also interact with other organs in the digestive system.

The brain is located in the cranial cavity. This cavity is formed by the bones of the skull and provides protection to the brain. The cranial cavity is a closed space that houses the brain and other structures such as the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. It is separate from other body cavities such as the vertebral cavity, pleural cavity, and abdominal cavity, which do not contain the brain.

The correct answer is 206. The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones. These bones provide structure, support, and protection to the body. They also play a crucial role in movement, as they are connected by joints and muscles. The skeleton is divided into two main parts: the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the limbs and the shoulder and pelvic girdles. Each bone in the skeleton has a specific function and contributes to the overall functioning of the body.

Tissue is the correct answer because it refers to a group of cells that have similar structure and function. Tissues work together to perform specific functions in an organism. Organs are made up of different types of tissues, and organisms are made up of organs. Molecules, on the other hand, are the smallest units of a substance and do not have the same level of organization as tissues.

The pericardial cavity would include the heart. The pericardial cavity is a small, fluid-filled space located between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium, which is a protective sac around the heart. It houses the heart and provides cushioning and lubrication for its movement.

Vertebrae are an example of irregular bone because they have a complex shape with multiple projections and irregular surfaces. Irregular bones do not fit into any specific category and have unique shapes that allow them to perform specialized functions, such as providing protection and support for vital organs and allowing for movement and flexibility.

The term "superficial" refers to something that is near the surface or shallow. In contrast, the term "deep" refers to something that is further down or away from the surface. Therefore, "superficial" is the opposite of "deep" and is the correct answer in this case.

The correct answer is Sagittal. The term "sagittal" refers to a plane that divides the body into right and left halves. This plane runs vertically from front to back, dividing the body into symmetrical halves along the midline. The other options, such as coronal, oblique, and frontal, do not specifically describe a plane that divides the body into right and left halves.

The femur is classified as a long bone because it is longer than it is wide. Long bones are characterized by their elongated shape and consist of a shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphyses). They provide support, mobility, and strength to the body. The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. It plays a crucial role in supporting body weight and facilitating movement.

The diaphragm is not found in the abdominal cavity. It is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs and separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It plays a crucial role in the process of breathing by contracting and relaxing to help with inhalation and exhalation. The spleen, liver, and stomach are all organs that are found within the abdominal cavity.

A short bone is a type of bone that is approximately equal in length, width, and thickness. It is typically found in the ankles and wrists, where it provides stability and support for movement. Unlike long bones, which are longer than they are wide, short bones have a more equal proportion of dimensions. Therefore, the given bone being located within the ankles or wrists suggests that it is a short bone.

The parietal bone is actually a facial bone, so it is not the correct answer. The nasal bone, maxillae, and zygomatic bone are all facial bones. The parietal bone is a cranial bone that forms part of the top and sides of the skull.

The correct answer is "Superior". The term "superior" refers to a position above or higher than another structure. In this case, the stomach is positioned higher than the bladder.

The surgical neck is a feature of the humerus. It is a narrowed area located just below the tubercles of the humerus, where the head of the humerus meets the shaft. This area is prone to fractures and is an important landmark in surgical procedures involving the humerus. The radius, tibia, and ulna do not have a surgical neck.

The humerus is distal to the scapula because it is located further away from the point of attachment of the limb to the body. In anatomical terms, distal refers to a position that is farther away from the midline or the point of origin. In this case, the humerus is the bone of the upper arm and is located further away from the midline of the body compared to the scapula, which is the shoulder blade.

The cranium is the correct answer because it is the part of the skull that surrounds and protects the brain. It is a hard and rigid structure that provides a strong barrier against external forces and potential injuries to the brain. The cranium consists of several bones that are fused together, forming a protective enclosure for the brain.

The sternum is located in the front of the chest, which is known as the anterior region. It serves as a protective structure for the heart and other vital organs in the thoracic cavity. Therefore, the sternum is anterior to the heart.

The sternum is located in the front of the chest, making it anterior to the heart. This means that the sternum is positioned in front of the heart when looking at the body from a standard anatomical position.

In abdominal examination, the abdomen is typically divided into nine regions. This division is known as the nine abdominal regions or the nine quadrants. These regions are used to locate and describe specific organs or areas of the abdomen during examination or medical procedures. The nine regions include the right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac regions.

A transverse plane is a horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts. This means that the plane cuts the body into two sections, with one section being above the plane (superior) and the other section being below the plane (inferior).

The axial skeleton consists of the bones that form the central axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. The hyoid bone, ribs, and sternum are all part of the axial skeleton. However, carpals are not found in the axial skeleton. Carpals are the bones that make up the wrist and are part of the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton.

The question is asking for the carpal bones, which are the bones in the wrist. The talus is not a carpal bone, but rather a bone in the ankle. The other options listed (scaphoid, pisiform, and lunate) are all carpal bones.

The linea aspera is a feature of the femur bone, not any of the options given. It is a ridge or crest that runs along the posterior surface of the femur and serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments. It provides stability and support to the femur bone during movement.

The lungs are located in the pleural cavity. The pleural cavity is a space between the two layers of the pleura, which is a thin membrane that lines the lungs and the inner surface of the chest wall. This cavity contains a small amount of fluid that helps reduce friction during breathing. The lungs fill the pleural cavity and are surrounded by the pleura, allowing them to expand and contract during respiration. The pericardial cavity is the space that surrounds the heart, the abdominal cavity houses the organs of the digestive system, and the cranial cavity contains the brain.

The temporal bones are located on the sides and base of the skull. They house the organs of hearing and balance, including the inner ear. These bones also articulate with the mandible, or the lower jawbone. The frontal bone is located at the front of the skull, the nasal bone forms the bridge of the nose, and the occipital bone is at the back of the skull. Therefore, the correct answer is temporal.

Orthopedics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the correction of disorders related to the musculoskeletal system. This includes conditions such as fractures, joint injuries, spine disorders, and sports injuries. Orthopedic specialists are trained to diagnose and treat these conditions using various methods, including surgery, medication, physical therapy, and rehabilitation. Rheumatics, interologist, and cardiology are not related to the musculoskeletal system, making orthopedics the correct answer.

The sagittal suture is a dense fibrous joint that connects the two parietal bones of the skull. It runs along the midline of the skull, from the anterior fontanelle (soft spot) to the posterior fontanelle. The parietal bones are located on the sides and top of the skull, forming the majority of the cranial vault. Therefore, the correct answer is "Two parietal bones" because the sagittal suture lies between these two bones.

The occipital bone is not visible from the anterior view of the skull. The occipital bone is located at the back of the skull and forms the base of the cranium. It is not visible from the anterior view because it is covered by other bones such as the frontal, parietal, and maxilla bones.

The sphenoid bone is found in the axial skeleton. It is a complex bone located at the base of the skull, forming part of the cranial floor. It helps to support and protect the brain and also plays a role in the formation of the eye sockets and nasal cavity. The scapula, clavicle, and tarsal bones are not part of the axial skeleton but rather belong to the appendicular skeleton.

The femur is the correct answer because it is a long bone and the shaft of the femur is composed of compact bone tissue. Compact bone tissue is dense and strong, providing support and protection for the bone. The other options, such as the clavicle, scapula, and sternum, do not have a shaft composed of compact bone tissue.

The maxillae are the correct answer because they are the facial bones that articulate with the teeth. The maxillae are the upper jawbones and they contain the sockets in which the teeth are anchored. They also form the floor of the eye sockets and contribute to the structure of the nasal cavity. The palatine bone is located in the roof of the mouth, the vomer is a bone in the nasal septum, and the nasal bones form the bridge of the nose.

Scoliosis refers to a deviation or abnormal curvature of the vertebral column. It is characterized by a sideways or lateral curvature of the spine, which can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications. This condition can occur at any level of the spine, including the cervical (neck), thoracic (mid-back), and lumbar (lower back) regions. The correct answer, "deviation of vertebral column," accurately describes the primary characteristic of scoliosis.

The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat bone that forms part of the shoulder girdle. It has several distinguishing features, including the spine, coracoid process, and inferior angle. However, the acetabulum is not a feature of the scapula. The acetabulum is a cup-shaped socket in the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint. Therefore, it is not a feature of the scapula.

The sphenoid bone is the correct answer because it is a central bone that articulates with every other cranial bone. It forms part of the base of the skull and helps to connect various cranial bones together, including the frontal, nasal, and ethmoid bones. Its shape and position allow it to contribute to the structure and stability of the skull.

The occipital bone is a flat bone. Flat bones are thin, flat, and usually curved bones that provide protection and support to vital organs. The occipital bone is located at the back of the skull and forms the base of the skull. It protects the brain and also provides attachment points for muscles and ligaments.

The lambdoid suture is a dense, fibrous joint that separates the occipital bone at the back of the skull from the parietal bones on the sides of the skull. This suture is named after the Greek letter "lambda" (Λ) because of its resemblance to the letter. It is one of the major sutures of the skull and plays a crucial role in the development and growth of the skull during infancy and childhood.

The acromion process is a bony projection that belongs to the clavicle, also known as the collarbone. It is a prominent feature of the clavicle that extends laterally from its lateral end, forming part of the shoulder joint. The acromion process serves as an attachment point for various muscles and ligaments involved in shoulder movement and stability. It is not found in the scapula (shoulder blade), sternum (breastbone), or skull.

The lesser trochanter is a bony prominence located on the femur bone. It is situated on the posterior side of the bone, near the base of the femoral neck. This structure serves as an attachment point for various muscles, including the iliopsoas and the pectineus. Its presence helps to stabilize the hip joint and facilitate movements of the leg. The other options listed, acromion, trochlea, and lateral malleolus, are not found in the femur bone but rather in other parts of the body.

The inferior concha is a part of the maxilla bone. The maxilla bone is a facial bone that forms the upper jaw and the central part of the face. It contains the inferior concha, which is a curved bony structure located on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. The inferior concha helps to humidify and filter the air as it passes through the nasal cavity, contributing to the respiratory function.

The correct answer is "Lateral supracondyle." The lateral supracondyle is a feature of the upper end of the tibia. It is a bony prominence located on the lateral side of the tibia, just above the condyles. This structure provides attachment points for ligaments and muscles, contributing to the stability and movement of the knee joint.