Advanced First Aid

2.

AVPU stands for:

Alert, Voice, Pain, Un-responsiveness
Action, Voice, Pain, Un-responsiveness
Alert, Voice, Painfully, Unresponsiveness

Correct Answer

A. Alert, Voice, Pain, Un-responsiveness

Explanation

AVPU is a mnemonic used in medical settings to assess a person's level of consciousness. It stands for Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsiveness. This acronym represents a continuum of responsiveness, with "Alert" indicating that the person is awake and fully aware, "Voice" meaning that they respond to verbal stimuli, "Pain" indicating that they only respond to painful stimuli, and "Unresponsiveness" meaning that they do not respond to any stimuli. This scale helps healthcare professionals quickly assess a patient's level of consciousness and determine the appropriate course of action.

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3.

The correct ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths is:

30:2
15:2
5:2

Correct Answer

A. 30:2

Explanation

The correct ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths is 30:2. This means that for every 30 chest compressions, there should be 2 rescue breaths given. This ratio is recommended by the American Heart Association for performing CPR on adults. The chest compressions help to circulate blood and oxygen to the vital organs, while the rescue breaths provide oxygen to the lungs. This ratio ensures a balance between providing oxygen and maintaining circulation during CPR.

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4.

An oro-pharyngeal airway should be used on:

Unconscious Breathing / Not Breathing providing they can tolerate it
Conscious Patients on 100% o2
Both Conscious and Unconscious Patients

Correct Answer

A. Unconscious Breathing / Not Breathing providing they can tolerate it

Explanation

An oro-pharyngeal airway should be used on unconscious patients who are either breathing or not breathing, as long as they can tolerate it. This device helps to maintain an open airway by preventing the tongue from obstructing the throat. It is commonly used in emergency situations to ensure that the patient can breathe properly. However, it should not be used on conscious patients who are breathing, as it may cause discomfort or induce vomiting.

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5.

10% of COPD Patients rely on their___________drive to breather:

Cardiac
Respiratory
Digestive

Correct Answer

A. Respiratory

Explanation

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a chronic lung disease that affects the respiratory system. It causes difficulty in breathing and reduces the lung's ability to function properly. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that COPD patients rely on their respiratory drive to breathe. The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body, and any impairment in this system can significantly affect a COPD patient's ability to breathe.

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6.

The heart is divided into ______ chambers:

2
3
4

Correct Answer

A. 4

Explanation

The correct answer is 4 because the heart is divided into four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The atria receive blood from the body and lungs, while the ventricles pump blood out to the rest of the body and lungs. This division allows for efficient circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood throughout the body.

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1

7.

Severe hemorrhage should be controlled to start with using:

Direct Pressure
Indirect Pressure
Tourniquets

Correct Answer

A. Direct Pressure

Explanation

Direct pressure should be used to control severe hemorrhage because it is the most effective and immediate method to stop bleeding. Applying direct pressure to the wound helps to compress the blood vessels and reduce blood flow, allowing the body's natural clotting process to occur. It can be done by using a clean cloth, gauze, or even bare hands to apply pressure directly on the bleeding site. This method is safe, easily accessible, and can be performed by anyone without specialized training. Indirect pressure and tourniquets may be used in certain situations where direct pressure is ineffective or impractical.

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8.

A fracture is defined as a:

Tear in the ligament
Break or crack in the bone
Tear in the skin above the bone

Correct Answer

A. Break or crack in the bone

Explanation

A fracture is a break or crack in the bone. This means that there is a disruption in the continuity of the bone structure, which can be caused by trauma, such as a fall or a direct blow to the bone. Fractures can vary in severity, from hairline fractures where the bone is partially cracked, to complete fractures where the bone is completely broken into two or more pieces. Treatment for fractures typically involves immobilizing the affected area with a cast or splint to allow the bone to heal properly.

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2

9.

Ideally, the C-Spine should be maintained, and spinal precautions taken when:

The patient is involved in an RTC and has neck / back pain
The patient has fallen from a height and has neck / back pain
All of the above, plus any trauma, and when the MOI suggests spinal injury

Correct Answer

A. All of the above, plus any trauma, and when the MOI suggests spinal injury

Explanation

The correct answer is "All of the above, plus any trauma, and when the MOI suggests spinal injury." This means that in any situation where the patient is involved in a motor vehicle collision, has fallen from a height, or has any trauma that suggests a potential spinal injury, spinal precautions should be taken and the C-Spine should be maintained. This is important because these situations have a higher risk of causing spinal injuries, and it is crucial to prevent further damage to the spine during the initial assessment and transportation of the patient.

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10.

The femur refers to which bone?:

Thigh
Shoulder
Hand

Correct Answer

A. Thigh

Explanation

The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, located in the thigh. It connects the hip bone to the knee joint and plays a crucial role in supporting the body's weight and facilitating movement. The femur is responsible for bearing the majority of the body's load during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. Therefore, the correct answer is thigh.

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11.

An ideal blood pressure for a 22 y/o, usually fit and healthy male would be:

154 / 90
120 / 80
110 / 72

Correct Answer

A. 120 / 80

Explanation

The ideal blood pressure for a 22-year-old, usually fit and healthy male would be 120/80. This is because a blood pressure reading of 120/80 falls within the normal range for adults. The top number (systolic pressure) represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats, and the bottom number (diastolic pressure) represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. A reading of 120/80 indicates that the individual has a healthy blood pressure level.

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12.

Ventricular Tachycardia is defined as:

A heart rate below 50
A heart rate around 60
A heart rate over 100

Correct Answer

A. A heart rate over 100

Explanation

Ventricular tachycardia is a condition characterized by a rapid heart rate that exceeds 100 beats per minute. In this condition, the electrical signals in the ventricles (lower chambers of the heart) become abnormal, causing the heart to beat faster than normal. This can lead to various symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, chest pain, and even loss of consciousness. Ventricular tachycardia is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

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13.

RICE stand for:

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Rehabilitation, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Rest, Ice, Contraction, Elevation

Correct Answer

A. Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

Explanation

The correct answer is Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation. This acronym, RICE, is commonly used in first aid for treating injuries, particularly sprains or strains. Rest refers to avoiding any further activity that may worsen the injury. Ice helps reduce swelling and pain by constricting blood vessels. Compression involves applying pressure to the injured area to reduce swelling. Elevation means keeping the injured area elevated above the heart to minimize swelling.

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14.

A bruise is also known as a / an:

Laceration
Abrasion
Contusion

Correct Answer

A. Contusion

Explanation

A bruise is also known as a contusion. This is a type of injury where the blood vessels underneath the skin are damaged, causing blood to leak out and collect near the surface, resulting in discoloration and pain. Laceration refers to a deep cut or tear in the skin, while an abrasion is a superficial injury where the skin is scraped off. Therefore, the correct term for a bruise is contusion.

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15.

Explain your initial assessments for a patient reporting to the first aid post feeling faint.

16.

Describe how you would recognise a fracture to the radius or ulna.

17.

Explain how you would take a manual blood pressure.

18.

Explain the indications, contra-indications and side effects of Entonox

19.

A patient presented to you at first aid post. She is a 56 y/o female who fell after tripping on her shoe lace. Her blood pressure is 172/86, her pulse is 82. She had a small cut to her knee, and various abrasions to her arms. You and a junior colleague are on duty at the time, working out of a patient transport ambulance acting as a first aid post. You have a standard response bag, oxygen, Entonox, an AED and a set of collars. Describe and explain your treatment for this patient.

Advanced First Aid

DR ABC stands for:

Quiz Preview

AVPU stands for:

The correct ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths is:

An oro-pharyngeal airway should be used on:

10% of COPD Patients rely on their___________drive to breather:

The heart is divided into ______ chambers:

Severe hemorrhage should be controlled to start with using:

A fracture is defined as a:

Ideally, the C-Spine should be maintained, and spinal precautions taken when:

The femur refers to which bone?:

An ideal blood pressure for a 22 y/o, usually fit and healthy male would be:

Ventricular Tachycardia is defined as:

RICE stand for:

A bruise is also known as a / an:

Explain your initial assessments for a patient reporting to the first aid post feeling faint.

Describe how you would recognise a fracture to the radius or ulna.

Explain how you would take a manual blood pressure.

Explain the indications, contra-indications and side effects of Entonox