A & P II #1
Blood, imune system etc
Questions and Answers
- 1.
85 % of the fluid that leave sthe capulairies returns to the capularies, the remanider
- A.
Is absorbed
- B.
Used for energy
- C.
Evaperates
- D.
Is picked up by the lymhatic system
Correct Answer
D. Is picked up by the lymhatic system -
- 2.
The lympth circulation returns to the blood stream at the
- A.
Portal vain
- B.
Right atrium
- C.
Subclavin vein
- D.
Aorta
Correct Answer
C. Subclavin veinExplanation
The lymph circulation returns to the bloodstream at the subclavian vein. The lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid, waste products, and pathogens from tissues. Lymph vessels transport this fluid, called lymph, towards the heart. The subclavian vein is a large vein located near the collarbone, and it is where the lymphatic vessels empty their contents back into the bloodstream. From the subclavian vein, the lymph is then carried to the right atrium of the heart, where it mixes with the blood and continues its circulation throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Lymphoctes go to the thymus gland to become
- A.
Macrophages
- B.
Destroyed
- C.
Immunocompetent
- D.
Antibodies
Correct Answer
C. ImmunocompetentExplanation
Lymphocytes go to the thymus gland to become immunocompetent. The thymus gland is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. During their development in the thymus, lymphocytes undergo a process of education and selection, where they learn to recognize and respond to specific antigens. Once they become immunocompetent, these lymphocytes are capable of mounting an effective immune response against foreign pathogens.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Small encapsulated structures found along the lymph vesseles that filter the lymph are
- A.
Peyers patch
- B.
Lymph nodes
- C.
Accessory spleens
- D.
Thymic outposts
Correct Answer
B. Lymph nodesExplanation
Lymph nodes are small encapsulated structures found along the lymph vessels that filter the lymph. They play a crucial role in the immune system by trapping and destroying harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. Lymph nodes contain immune cells called lymphocytes, which help in the production of antibodies and fight against infections. Additionally, lymph nodes also help in the production of lymphocytes and the removal of waste products from the lymph. Therefore, lymph nodes are essential in maintaining a healthy immune system.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Most common route of metasis
- A.
Through artiries
- B.
Through neerves
- C.
Through neins
- D.
Through lymph channel
Correct Answer
D. Through lymph channelExplanation
Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. The most common route of metastasis is through the lymphatic system, which consists of lymph channels and lymph nodes. Cancer cells can enter the lymphatic system and travel to other parts of the body through these channels. This is a common pathway for cancer cells to spread and establish new tumors in distant organs.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Lymph organ that gaurd entry to the respetory tract
- A.
Spleen
- B.
Tonsils
- C.
Thymus
- D.
Appendix
Correct Answer
B. TonsilsExplanation
Tonsils are lymph organs located at the entry to the respiratory tract. They play a crucial role in the immune system by acting as a defense mechanism against pathogens that enter the body through the nose and mouth. Tonsils help to filter out bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances, preventing them from reaching the respiratory system. Therefore, the tonsils are the correct answer in this case.Rate this question:
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- 7.
First line of defense
- A.
Lymhcytes
- B.
Fever
- C.
Cilic/mucus
- D.
Antibodies
- E.
Mucus
Correct Answer
C. Cilic/mucusExplanation
The given answer "cilic/mucus" is likely referring to cilia and mucus as the first line of defense. Cilia are hair-like structures found in the respiratory tract that help to move mucus and trapped particles out of the airways. Mucus, on the other hand, acts as a physical barrier that traps pathogens and other foreign substances, preventing them from entering the body. Together, cilia and mucus help to protect the respiratory system from infections and irritants, making them an important part of the first line of defense against respiratory illnesses.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following does not describe natural killer cells
- A.
On constant patrol
- B.
Non specific
- C.
Produce antibodies
- D.
Make holes in bactrial cell walls
Correct Answer
C. Produce antibodiesExplanation
The correct answer is "produce antibodies." Natural killer cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system's defense against infections and cancer. They are known for their ability to recognize and destroy infected or cancerous cells without prior exposure or specific recognition. However, they do not produce antibodies, which are produced by B cells in response to a specific antigen.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What is not four signs of inflamation
- A.
Pain
- B.
Swelling
- C.
Redness
- D.
Heat
- E.
Sweating
Correct Answer
E. SweatingExplanation
Sweating is not considered one of the four signs of inflammation. The four classic signs of inflammation are pain, swelling, redness, and heat. These signs are typically associated with an immune response to injury or infection. Sweating, on the other hand, is a physiological response of the body to regulate temperature and is not directly related to inflammation.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Movment of a cell towrad a chemical attractant is
- A.
Symbosis
- B.
Chemotaxis
- C.
Immunocomputance
- D.
Repolorazation
Correct Answer
B. ChemotaxisExplanation
Chemotaxis refers to the movement of a cell towards a chemical attractant. This process allows cells to detect and respond to chemical signals in their environment, guiding them towards favorable conditions or resources. It is a crucial mechanism for various biological processes, including immune responses, wound healing, and the migration of cells during development. Symbiosis, immunocompetence, and repolarization are unrelated terms and do not describe the specific movement of a cell towards a chemical attractant.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Medicines that control fever work by
- A.
Causing a chill
- B.
Increase blood flow
- C.
Blocking prostaglandins
- D.
Destroying bacteria
Correct Answer
C. Blocking prostaglandinsExplanation
Medicines that control fever work by blocking prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are chemical messengers that play a role in inflammation and pain. When the body is fighting an infection or illness, prostaglandins are released, causing fever, inflammation, and pain. By blocking prostaglandins, these medicines help to reduce fever and alleviate associated symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Fever is a normal body defense mechanisim
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Fever is a normal body defense mechanism. When the body detects the presence of an infection or illness, it raises its internal temperature as a way to fight off the invading pathogens. This increase in body temperature helps to enhance the immune response, as many pathogens are sensitive to higher temperatures. Additionally, fever can also stimulate the production of white blood cells and other immune system components, further aiding in the body's defense against the illness. Therefore, it is true that fever is a normal body defense mechanism.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Components of second line of imune defense
- A.
Antibodies
- B.
Memory t-cells
- C.
Fever and macrophages
- D.
Mucus
Correct Answer
C. Fever and macrophagesExplanation
Fever and macrophages are components of the second line of immune defense. Fever is a physiological response to infection or inflammation, characterized by an increase in body temperature. It helps to inhibit the growth of pathogens and enhances the immune response. Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that engulf and destroy foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. They play a crucial role in the immune response by identifying and eliminating pathogens. Together, fever and macrophages contribute to the body's defense against infections.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Cells infected by virus produce protiens called
- A.
Perforins
- B.
Lysozomes
- C.
Interferons
- D.
Prostaglandins
Correct Answer
C. InterferonsExplanation
When cells are infected by a virus, they produce proteins called interferons. Interferons are part of the body's immune response and help to inhibit the spread of the virus to neighboring cells. They also stimulate the immune system to fight against the virus. Therefore, interferons play a crucial role in the body's defense mechanism against viral infections.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Anatgen-antibodies complexes can be attached to red blood cells that are on their way to the spleen. There the complexes are destroyed by lymphocytes. The agent responable for the red cell attachment is
- A.
Interferon
- B.
Completment
- C.
Immunoglobulin
- D.
Bactericidin
Correct Answer
C. ImmunoglobulinExplanation
Immunoglobulin is the correct answer because it is responsible for the attachment of antigen-antibody complexes to red blood cells. Once attached, these complexes are destroyed by lymphocytes in the spleen. Interferon, complement, and bactericidin are not involved in this process.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Warmth and redness around a cut are caused by
- A.
Increased blood flow
- B.
Bacterial activity
- C.
Antibody production
- D.
Septic shock
Correct Answer
A. Increased blood flowExplanation
When there is a cut, the body responds by increasing blood flow to the area. This increased blood flow is responsible for the warmth and redness observed. The body does this to bring more oxygen and nutrients to the injured area, promoting the healing process. Bacterial activity or antibody production may also occur in response to a cut, but they are not the primary causes of warmth and redness. Septic shock, on the other hand, is a severe condition caused by a widespread infection and is not directly related to the warmth and redness around a cut.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Pusshould be drained for
- A.
It is posionus
- B.
Destroy vital organs
- C.
No circulation
- D.
Smells bad
Correct Answer
C. No circulationExplanation
The answer "no circulation" is correct because when pus accumulates in a certain area, it can lead to the blockage of blood vessels, resulting in limited or no circulation to that area. This lack of blood flow prevents oxygen and nutrients from reaching the tissues, causing them to die. Additionally, the lack of circulation can also impede the body's ability to remove waste and toxins from the affected area, leading to further complications. Therefore, draining the pus is necessary to restore proper circulation and prevent the destruction of vital organs.Rate this question:
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- 18.
HIV attacks
- A.
Spleen
- B.
Natural killer cells
- C.
Helper T-cells
- D.
Plasma cells
Correct Answer
C. Helper T-cellsExplanation
Helper T-cells are a type of white blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune response against HIV. HIV specifically targets and attacks Helper T-cells, which are responsible for coordinating the immune response and activating other immune cells, such as natural killer cells and plasma cells. By attacking and destroying Helper T-cells, HIV weakens the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections and diseases. Therefore, the presence of HIV can lead to a decrease in the number and function of Helper T-cells, compromising the immune system's ability to fight off infections.Rate this question:
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- 19.
B lymphocyte does not
- A.
Form memory cells
- B.
Form plasma cells
- C.
Directly destroy bactiria
- D.
Cause other lyphocytes to form clones
Correct Answer
D. Cause other lyphocytes to form clonesExplanation
B lymphocytes, also known as B cells, play a crucial role in the immune response by producing antibodies. These antibodies can recognize and bind to specific pathogens, marking them for destruction. However, B lymphocytes do not directly destroy bacteria themselves. Instead, they stimulate other lymphocytes, such as T cells, to form clones. These clones are specialized cells that can recognize and destroy the specific pathogen, leading to an effective immune response. This process helps in the formation of an army of cells capable of fighting off the infection and providing long-term immunity.Rate this question:
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- 20.
T Lymphocyte does
- A.
Form memory cells
- B.
Form plasma cells
- C.
Directly destroy bacteria
- D.
Cause other lymphoncyte to form clones
Correct Answer
B. Form plasma cellsExplanation
T lymphocytes, also known as T cells, play a crucial role in the immune response. They can differentiate into two main types of effector cells: plasma cells and cytotoxic T cells. Plasma cells are responsible for producing and secreting antibodies, which are essential for targeting and neutralizing pathogens. Therefore, T lymphocytes can form plasma cells to aid in the immune response. This process allows for the production of specific antibodies that can recognize and eliminate pathogens upon reinfection.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Exccesive harmfull imune response
- A.
Complete activation
- B.
Diapedesis
- C.
Hypersensativity
- D.
T cell cloning
Correct Answer
C. HypersensativityExplanation
Hypersensitivity refers to an exaggerated or excessive immune response to a substance that is normally harmless. It occurs when the immune system overreacts to an allergen, triggering an immune response that causes damage to the body's own tissues. This can manifest in various ways, such as allergic reactions, asthma, or autoimmune diseases. Hypersensitivity can be classified into four types, each involving different mechanisms of immune response. Therefore, the term "hypersensitivity" accurately describes the concept of an excessive harmful immune response.Rate this question:
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- 22.
One such response can rapidly be fatal
- A.
Chemotaxis
- B.
Anaphyaxis
- C.
Metataxis
- D.
Property taxes
Correct Answer
B. AnaphyaxisExplanation
Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It occurs when the immune system overreacts to an allergen, such as food, medication, or insect sting. The body releases a large amount of chemicals, causing a rapid and widespread allergic response. This can lead to difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and loss of consciousness. Without prompt medical treatment, anaphylaxis can be fatal. Therefore, the given statement "one such response can rapidly be fatal" accurately describes the seriousness of anaphylaxis.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Blood vessels can regulate body temp by
- A.
Horomone levels
- B.
Distrobution of blood flow
- C.
Direction of blood flow
Correct Answer
B. Distrobution of blood flowExplanation
The correct answer is "distribution of blood flow." Blood vessels can regulate body temperature by adjusting the distribution of blood flow throughout the body. When the body needs to cool down, the blood vessels in the skin dilate, allowing more blood to flow near the surface and release heat. On the other hand, when the body needs to conserve heat, the blood vessels constrict, reducing blood flow to the skin and preserving warmth. This regulation of blood flow helps maintain a stable body temperature.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Fluids that leave the capularies because of hydrostatic pressure, re-enter because of
- A.
Active transport
- B.
Osmosis
- C.
Diffusion
- D.
Pumps
Correct Answer
B. OsmosisExplanation
Osmosis is the process by which fluids move across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In this case, the fluids that leave the capillaries due to hydrostatic pressure will re-enter the capillaries through osmosis because there is a higher concentration of solutes inside the capillaries compared to the surrounding tissues. This creates a concentration gradient that drives the movement of fluids back into the capillaries.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Pluripotent stem cells produce four products which is not one
- A.
Red blood cells
- B.
Eosinophils
- C.
Albumin
- D.
Lymphoctes
- E.
Macrophages
Correct Answer
B. EosinophilsExplanation
Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types, but eosinophils are not one of the products they produce. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that are primarily involved in the immune response against parasites and allergic reactions. While pluripotent stem cells can give rise to red blood cells, albumin, lymphocytes, and macrophages, eosinophils are not part of their differentiation pathway.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Protien that carrys oxogen
- A.
Albumin
- B.
Glucagon
- C.
Hemoglobin
- D.
Fibrinoghen
Correct Answer
C. HemoglobinExplanation
Hemoglobin is the correct answer because it is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood. It is found in red blood cells and binds to oxygen in the lungs, then releases it to the body's tissues. Hemoglobin plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body, ensuring proper oxygenation and functioning of cells and organs.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Oxygen is held in the molecule by binding with
- A.
Iron
- B.
Sodium
- C.
Potasium
- D.
Calcium
Correct Answer
A. IronExplanation
Oxygen is held in the molecule by binding with iron. This is because iron has a high affinity for oxygen and can form a strong bond with it. This binding allows oxygen to be transported and delivered to cells in the body, where it is needed for various metabolic processes.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Production of red blood cells are stimulated by
- A.
Insulin
- B.
Angiotensin
- C.
Erythropoietin
- D.
Estrogen
Correct Answer
C. ErythropoietinExplanation
Erythropoietin is a hormone responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells. It is produced primarily in the kidneys and released in response to low oxygen levels in the body. Erythropoietin acts on the bone marrow, where it promotes the production and maturation of red blood cells. Insulin, angiotensin, and estrogen do not have a direct role in stimulating red blood cell production.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Red blood cells that are not flexable and defromable undergo
- A.
Hemolysis
- B.
Catabolisim
- C.
Re-uptake
- D.
Transformation to macrophages
Correct Answer
A. HemolysisExplanation
Red blood cells that are not flexible and deformable undergo hemolysis. Hemolysis refers to the rupture or destruction of red blood cells, leading to the release of their contents into the surrounding fluid. This can occur due to various factors such as trauma, certain diseases, or exposure to toxins. When red blood cells lose their flexibility and become rigid, they are more prone to rupture, causing hemolysis.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Release of white blood cells are stimulated by
- A.
Epinephrin, infection
- B.
High blood sugar
- C.
Epinephrine
- D.
Leukimea
Correct Answer
A. Epinephrin, infectionExplanation
The release of white blood cells is stimulated by epinephrin and infection. Epinephrine is a hormone that is released during times of stress or excitement, and it can stimulate the production and release of white blood cells. Infection also triggers the release of white blood cells as part of the immune response to fight off pathogens. Both epinephrine and infection can signal the body to increase the production and release of white blood cells to help combat potential threats to the immune system.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Red blood cells are broken down into
- A.
Iron and globulins
- B.
Bone marrow
Correct Answer
A. Iron and globulinsExplanation
Red blood cells are broken down in the body through a process called hemolysis. During this process, the iron present in red blood cells is released and recycled to be used in the production of new red blood cells. Additionally, globulins, which are a type of protein, are also released during the breakdown of red blood cells. These globulins play important roles in immune function and transportation of substances in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is that red blood cells are broken down into iron and globulins.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Unkown blood type can recieve o neg blood because
- A.
Antibodies in O blood
- B.
Antibodies to A and B
- C.
No antibodies
- D.
No antigens to stimulate antibody formation
Correct Answer
D. No antigens to stimulate antibody formationExplanation
The reason an unknown blood type can receive O negative blood is because O negative blood lacks antigens A and B, which means it does not stimulate the formation of antibodies against these antigens. As a result, there is no risk of an immune response or rejection when O negative blood is transfused into someone with an unknown blood type.Rate this question:
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- 33.
A male with o neg can recieve O pos blood because
- A.
Wont get pregnant
- B.
Males dont react to antibodies
- C.
Has O antibodies
Correct Answer
A. Wont get pregnantExplanation
A male with O negative blood can receive O positive blood because the Rh factor (positive or negative) does not affect the ability to receive blood transfusions. The Rh factor only becomes significant when a person with Rh negative blood receives Rh positive blood repeatedly, such as during pregnancy. In this case, since the individual is male, pregnancy is not a concern, and therefore, receiving O positive blood is safe.Rate this question:
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- 34.
A neg blood can be given to B neg because
- A.
You cant
- B.
Both are negative
- C.
No B antibodies
Correct Answer
A. You cant -
- 35.
2 changes in white blood count are likley to occur with strep throut.
- A.
Leukocytis and bands
- B.
Leukiopina
- C.
Mast cells
- D.
Plasma cells
Correct Answer
A. Leukocytis and bandsExplanation
Strep throat is an infection caused by the streptococcus bacteria. When the body detects an infection, it triggers an immune response, which includes an increase in white blood cell count. Leukocytosis refers to an elevated white blood cell count, which is a common response to infections. Bands, also known as band neutrophils, are immature white blood cells that are released in response to an infection. They are typically not present in the bloodstream, but their presence indicates an ongoing infection. Therefore, it is likely that both leukocytosis and bands would occur in response to strep throat.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Decrease in WBC can be seen with
- A.
Leukimia
- B.
Viral infection
- C.
Stress reaction
- D.
Platlet aggregation
Correct Answer
B. Viral infectionExplanation
A decrease in white blood cell count, or leukopenia, can be seen with viral infections. Viruses can directly infect and destroy white blood cells, leading to a decrease in their numbers. This can impair the body's immune response and make it more susceptible to other infections. Additionally, viral infections can also suppress the bone marrow, where white blood cells are produced, further contributing to leukopenia. Therefore, a decrease in white blood cell count is commonly observed in viral infections.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Not enough insulin
- A.
Dehydration
- B.
Weakness
- C.
Overhydrated
- D.
Low blood sugar
Correct Answer
A. DehydrationExplanation
Dehydration can cause weakness and low blood sugar levels. When the body is dehydrated, it lacks enough fluids to carry out its normal functions, including maintaining blood sugar levels. This can lead to a drop in blood sugar, causing weakness and fatigue. Insufficient insulin, on the other hand, would typically result in high blood sugar levels, not dehydration. Overhydration, or excessive fluid intake, is also unlikely to cause dehydration. Therefore, dehydration is the most plausible explanation for the given symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Horomones of the pituitary
- A.
Growth horomone
- B.
Prolactin
- C.
Thyroid stimulating hormone
- D.
Adrenocortiotropic hormone
- E.
Follicle stimulating hormone
- F.
Luteinzing hormone
- G.
Antidiaretic
- H.
Oxytocin
Correct Answer(s)
A. Growth horomone
B. Prolactin
C. Thyroid stimulating hormone
D. Adrenocortiotropic hormone
E. Follicle stimulating hormone
F. Luteinzing hormone
G. Antidiaretic
H. OxytocinExplanation
The given answer lists various hormones secreted by the pituitary gland. These hormones include growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, antidiuretic hormone, and oxytocin. Each of these hormones plays a specific role in regulating various physiological processes in the body.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Hormones released from nerves
- A.
Adh, ocytocin, epinephrine
- B.
None
- C.
Thc
Correct Answer
A. Adh, ocytocin, epinephrineExplanation
The hormones ADH, oxytocin, and epinephrine are released from nerves. These hormones play important roles in various physiological processes. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) regulates water balance in the body by controlling the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. Oxytocin is involved in uterine contractions during childbirth and the release of breast milk during breastfeeding. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is released during the "fight or flight" response and helps increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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