Medical Terms: Can You Answer These Questions? Trivia

Explanation
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. Although cataracts are not a common feature of atopic dermatitis, shield cataract is a specific type of cataract that can occur in individuals with this condition. Shield cataract is characterized by a central opacity in the lens, resembling a shield or plaque. It is thought to result from chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the lens due to the underlying atopic dermatitis. Therefore, shield cataract is seen in atopic dermatitis.

Explanation
Peripheral nerves can withstand ischemia for up to 3 hours. Ischemia refers to the restriction of blood supply to a particular area, which can result in tissue damage and cell death. In the case of peripheral nerves, they have a relatively good tolerance for ischemia compared to other tissues. This means that they can survive without a proper blood supply for up to 3 hours before irreversible damage occurs. After this time period, the lack of oxygen and nutrients supplied by the blood can lead to nerve cell death and potential loss of function.

Explanation
The primary site of infection in Pott's spine is the intervertebral disk. Pott's spine, also known as spinal tuberculosis, is a form of tuberculosis that affects the spine. It is typically caused by the spread of the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis from other parts of the body to the spine. The infection primarily affects the intervertebral disk, leading to destruction of the disk and subsequent involvement of the adjacent vertebral bodies. This can result in collapse of the affected vertebrae and deformity of the spine.

Explanation
RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) is a common virus that affects the respiratory system, especially in young children. It primarily causes infections in the lower respiratory tract, leading to conditions such as bronchiolitis, croup, and pneumonia. However, RSV is not typically associated with causing rhinosinusitis, which is an inflammation of the nasal passages and sinuses. Therefore, the correct answer is rhinosinusitis.

Explanation
Erythema gangrenosum is a skin condition characterized by painful, necrotic skin lesions. It is typically caused by an underlying systemic disease, most commonly Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause a wide range of infections in immunocompromised individuals. It produces various toxins and enzymes that contribute to tissue damage and inflammation, leading to the development of erythema gangrenosum. Other organisms listed, such as E. coli, Staph. aureus, and Candida albicans, can also cause skin infections but are not typically associated with erythema gangrenosum.

Explanation
Stage 3 of anesthesia is described as the state of surgical anesthesia. During this stage, the patient is unconscious and has a depressed level of consciousness. The patient's vital signs, such as blood pressure and heart rate, are stable and there is a loss of reflexes. This stage is ideal for performing surgical procedures as it provides the necessary depth of anesthesia to ensure the patient's comfort and safety.

Explanation
Restless leg syndrome is commonly caused by caffeine addiction. Caffeine is a stimulant that affects the central nervous system and can disrupt sleep patterns. Restless leg syndrome is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. Caffeine can worsen these symptoms by increasing restlessness and interfering with sleep. It is important for individuals with restless leg syndrome to limit their caffeine intake to help manage their symptoms effectively.

Explanation
The sigmoid curve is the best description of the cooling of the body after death because it starts off slowly, then increases in speed, and finally levels off. This curve represents the body's temperature gradually decreasing, reaching a maximum rate of cooling, and then stabilizing at a lower temperature. This pattern of cooling is commonly observed in post-mortem studies and is indicative of the body's natural decomposition process.

Explanation
A night blood survey is commonly used to diagnose and monitor the presence of microfilariae, which are the larvae of filarial worms. Filarial worms are the causative agents of filariasis, a tropical disease transmitted through mosquito bites. This survey involves collecting a blood sample from an individual during the night, as the microfilariae are more likely to be circulating in the bloodstream during this time. Therefore, the correct answer is Fliariasis.

Explanation
Edvard Moser is a well-known personality in the field of neuroscience. Alongside his wife, May-Britt Moser, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2014 for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain. Their research focused on understanding how the brain creates a cognitive map that allows us to navigate and orient ourselves in space. Their groundbreaking work has provided valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying spatial cognition and has significant implications for understanding memory and navigation.