Abnormal Labs And The Ems Provider

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| By Mlveda
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Mlveda
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Quizzes Created: 3 | Total Attempts: 1,301
Questions: 35 | Attempts: 67

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Abnormal Labs And The Ems Provider - Quiz


You must receive a score of 75% in order to receive CME credit. *Answers are case sensitive. Answers must be in lower case.


Questions and Answers
  • 1. 

    The three main enzymes found in the heart are:

    • A.

      Sodium, potassium, calcium

    • B.

      Calcium, magnesium, potassium

    • C.

      Sodium, magnesium, potassium

    • D.

      Sodium, calcium, magnesium

    Correct Answer
    A. Sodium, potassium, calcium
    Explanation
    Sodium, potassium and calcium are the three main enzymes found in the heart

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  • 2. 

    Sodium is a major _____ in the extracellular fluid.

    • A.

      Ion

    • B.

      Cation

    Correct Answer
    B. Cation
    Explanation
    Sodium (Na) is the major cation in the extracellur fluid and it has water retaining effects.

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  • 3. 

    Normal adult sodium levels are:

    • A.

      135-145

    • B.

      135-125

    • C.

      125- 115

    • D.

      115-110

    Correct Answer
    A. 135-145
    Explanation
    The normal adult sodium levels range from 135 to 145. This range represents the typical amount of sodium found in the bloodstream of a healthy adult. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance in the body, supports nerve and muscle function, and regulates blood pressure. Deviations from this range can indicate certain medical conditions or imbalances in the body's fluid and electrolyte levels.

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  • 4. 

    Clinical findings with decreased levels of sodium include:

    Correct Answer
    vomiting, diarrhea, gastric suctioning, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIDH)
    Explanation
    vomiting, diarrhea, gastric suctioning, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIDH)

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  • 5. 

    Four (4) clinical findings associated with elevated sodium levels are:

    Correct Answer
    dehydration, severe vomiting, diarrhea, and congestive heart failure
    dehydration, severe vomiting, and diarrhea, congestive heart failure
    Explanation
    dehydration, severe vomiting, diarrhea, and congestive heart failure

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  • 6. 

    Potassium is a mineral that the body needs to work normally. It helps_______ and ________ communicate

    Correct Answer
    nerves muscles
    nerves and muscles
    nerves, muscles
    Explanation
    Potassium is a mineral that the body needs to work normally. It helps nerves and muscles communicate

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  • 7. 

    Normal potassium levels for an adult is:

    • A.

      3.5-5.0 mEq/L

    • B.

      3.0-5.0 mEq/L

    • C.

      3.5-5.5 mEq/L

    • D.

      3.0-5.5 mEq/L

    Correct Answer
    A. 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
    Explanation
    The normal potassium levels for an adult are typically between 3.5-5.0 mEq/L. This range is considered to be within the normal limits for potassium levels in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including nerve and muscle cell function. Deviations from this normal range can indicate an imbalance in potassium levels, which may have implications for overall health and well-being.

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  • 8. 

    A very low potassium level (less than ____ mmol/L) can be life threatening and requires urgent medical attention.

    Correct Answer
    2.5
    Explanation
    A very low potassium level (less than 2.5 mmol/L) can be life threatening and requires urgent medical attention.

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  • 9. 

    Low potassium (hypokalemia) has many causes. The most common cause of low potassium is excessive potassium loss in_____ or from the ________.

    Correct Answer
    urine or from the digestive tract
    urine digestive tract
    urine, digestive tract
    urine and digestive tract
    Explanation
    Low potassium (hypokalemia) has many causes. The most common cause of low potassium is excessive potassium loss in urine or from the digestive tract.

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  • 10. 

    The most common cause of genuinely high potassium (hyperkalemia) is related to your kidneys, such as: ________ and _______.

    Correct Answer
    acute renal failure, chronic renal failure
    acute renal failure and chronic renal failure
    acute renal failure chronic renal failure
    Explanation
    The most common cause of genuinely high potassium (hyperkalemia) is related to your kidneys, such as: acute kidney failure and chronic renal failure.

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  • 11. 

    Hyperkalemia is a serious and potentially life threatening disorder. It can cause:

    Correct Answer
    muscle fatigue, weakness, paralysis, abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), nausea
    Explanation
    Hyperkalemia is a serious and potentially life threatening disorder. It can cause:muscle fatigue, weakness, paralysis, abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), nausea

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  • 12. 

    Potassium goes ____ in acidosis

    Correct Answer
    up
    increases
    Explanation
    Potassium goes up in acidosis

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  • 13. 

    In the human body calcium is found most abundtly in the _____ and _______.

    Correct Answer
    bones and teeth
    Explanation
    Calcium is found most abundtly in thebones and teeth.

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  • 14. 

    Patients with elevated calcium levels should be monitored for signs of :

    Correct Answer
    lethargy, headaches, nausea, and vomiting
    lethargy, headaches, nausea,vomiting
    Explanation
    Patients with elevated calcium levels should be monitored for signs of : lethargy, headaches, nausea, and vomiting

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  • 15. 

    Normal calcium levels in an adult are

    • A.

      4.5-5.5 mEq/L

    • B.

      4.0-5.0 mEq/L

    • C.

      3.5-4.5 mEq/L

    • D.

      4.0-5.0 mEq/L

    Correct Answer
    A. 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
    Explanation
    The normal calcium levels in an adult are typically measured in terms of milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). The correct answer is 4.5-5.5 mEq/L, which indicates the normal range of calcium levels in the blood for an adult. This range is considered to be within the normal limits and is used as a reference for diagnosing any abnormalities in calcium levels.

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  • 16. 

    Patient's with decreased levels of calcium should be monitored for signs of tetany which include _______ and ________.

    Correct Answer
    Chvostek's and Trousseau
    Chvostek's,Trousseau
    seizures and muscle spasms
    seizures muscle spasms
    seizures, muscle spasms
    Explanation
    Patient's with decreased levels of calcium should be monitored for signs of tetany which include Chvostek's and Trousseau.

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  • 17. 

    Monitor the pulse regularly if the patient is receiving a _______ and ________.

    Correct Answer
    digitalis preparation and supplement
    digitalis preparation and supplement
    pulse digitalis preparation supplement
    pulse, digitalis preparation, supplement
    Explanation
    Monitor the pulse regularly if the patient is receiving a digitalis preperation and supplement.

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  • 18. 

    Monitor the ECG during hypocalcemia for prolonged _____ and lengthened ______.

    Correct Answer
    ST segmants, QT intervals
    ST segmants and QT intervals
    ST segmants QT intervals
    Explanation
    Monitor the ECG during hypocalcemia for prolonged ST segmants and lengthened QT intervals.

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  • 19. 

    Troponin is specific to the ______, even slight elevations may indicate some degree of damage to the ____.

    Correct Answer
    heart, heart
    Explanation
    Troponin is specific to the heart, even slight elevations may indicate some degree of damage to the heart.

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  • 20. 

    Troponin values remain high for _____ to ____ weeks after a heart attack.

    Correct Answer
    one, two
    one to two
    one two
    Explanation
    Troponin values remain high for one to two weeks after a heart attack.

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  • 21. 

    Urea is formed as an end product of protein metabolism and is excreted by the _____ .

    Correct Answer
    kidneys
    KIDNEYS
    Explanation
    Urea is formed as an end product of protein metabolism and is excreted by the kidneys.

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  • 22. 

    Normal BUN levels for an adult are:

    • A.

      5-25 mg/dL

    • B.

      2-15 mg/dL

    • C.

      5-20 mg/dL

    • D.

      2-25 mg/dL

    Correct Answer
    A. 5-25 mg/dL
    Explanation
    The normal BUN levels for an adult are 5-25 mg/dL. BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen, which is a measure of the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood. Urea nitrogen is a waste product that is produced when the body breaks down proteins. The levels of BUN in the blood can indicate how well the kidneys are functioning, as the kidneys are responsible for filtering out and excreting urea nitrogen. The range of 5-25 mg/dL is considered normal, with levels below or above this range potentially indicating kidney dysfunction or other health issues.

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  • 23. 

    An elevated BUN level could be an indication of _______, _______, or ________.

    Correct Answer
    dehydration, prerenal failure, or renal failure
    dehydration, prerenal failure, renal failure
    Explanation
    An elevated BUN level could be an indication of dehydration, prerenal failure, or renal failure.

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  • 24. 

    A low BUN value usually indicates ________.

    Correct Answer
    overhydration (hypovolemia)
    Explanation
    A low BUN value usually indicates overhydration (hypovolemia).

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  • 25. 

    Clinical presentations of elevated BUN levels may include _______, _______, ______ which can all be indicators for dehydration and if severe enough could lead to shock.

    Correct Answer
    tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnea
    tachycardia hypotension tachypnea
    Explanation
    Clinical presentations of elevated BUN levels may include tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnea which can all be indicators for dehydration and if severe enough could lead to shock.

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  • 26. 

    Avoid overhydration with IV fluid. Rapid administration of IV fluids can overload the vascular system, especially in the aged, children, and in cardiac patients, resulting in hypervolemia. This can lead to ________.

    Correct Answer
    pulmonary edema
    Explanation
    Avoid overhydration with IV fluid. Rapid administration of IV fluids can overload the vascular system, especially in the aged, children, and in cardiac patients, resulting in hypervolemia. This can lead to pulmonary edema.

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  • 27. 

    Check the patient for signs of symptoms of overhydration (irritated cough, dyspnea, JVD, rales) when the BUN is decreased. Overhydration (hypervolemia) causes hemodilution, diluting the urea in the blood. IV fluids should be _______.  

    Correct Answer
    withheld
    Explanation
    Check the patient for signs of symptoms of overhydration (irritated cough, dyspnea, JVD, rales) when the BUN is decreased. Overhydration (hypervolemia) causes hemodilution, diluting the urea in the blood. IV fluids should be withheld.

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  • 28. 

    Glucose is a ______, and is the most important simple sugar in human _____.

    Correct Answer
    carbohydrate metabolism
    carbohydrate, metabolism
    Explanation
    Glucose is a carbohydrate, and is the most important simple sugar in human metabolism.

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  • 29. 

    Normal glucose levels are between:

    Correct Answer
    70-100
  • 30. 

    Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose levels, usually less than ____mg/dl

    Correct Answer
    60
    Explanation
    Hypoglycemia is a medical condition where the blood glucose levels drop below normal. The normal blood glucose level is usually around 70-100 mg/dl. Therefore, a blood glucose level of 60 mg/dl is considered abnormally low and falls within the range of hypoglycemia.

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  • 31. 

    Hyperglycemia is the technical term for ____ blood glucose.

    Correct Answer
    high
    Explanation
    Hyperglycemia is the technical term for high blood glucose

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  • 32. 

    _______ develops when your body doesn't have enough insulin.

    Correct Answer
    Ketoacidosis
    Explanation
    Ketoacidosis develops when your body doesn't have enough insulin.

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  • 33. 

    Ketoacidosis is life-threatening and needs immediate treatment. Symptoms include:_______,________,______ and______, _______.

    Correct Answer
    shortness of breath, breath that smells fruity, nausea and vomiting, very dry mouth
    shortness of breath, breath that smells fruity, nausea , vomiting, very dry mouth
    shortness of breath breath that smells fruity nausea vomiting very dry mouth
    Explanation
    Ketoacidosis is life-threatening and needs immediate treatment. Symptoms includeshortness of breath, breath that smells fruity, nausea and vomiting, very dry mouth.

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  • 34. 

    Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious condition that can lead to _____or even _____.

    Correct Answer
    diabetic coma or death
    diabetic coma, death
    Explanation
    Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious condition that can lead to diabetic coma or even death.

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Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Jun 29, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Sep 10, 2013
    Quiz Created by
    Mlveda
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