8.2 Secretion & Digestion
Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 8
8.2 - I CAN describe the location and functions of the secretions that help with digestion.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What do the parietal cells in the stomach make?
- A.
Hydrochloric acid
- B.
Pepsinogen
- C.
Mucus
- D.
Bile
Correct Answer
A. Hydrochloric acidExplanation
The parietal cells in the stomach produce hydrochloric acid. This acid plays a crucial role in the digestion process by breaking down food and killing bacteria that may be present in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid also helps to activate pepsinogen, an enzyme that helps in the digestion of proteins. Additionally, the acid creates an acidic environment in the stomach, which is necessary for the optimal functioning of digestive enzymes. Overall, the production of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells is essential for the proper digestion and absorption of nutrients in the stomach.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What organ secretes the chemicals that help us digest fats, like this butter?
- A.
Stomach
- B.
Liver
- C.
Salivary glands
- D.
Lungs
Correct Answer
B. LiverExplanation
The liver secretes the chemicals that help us digest fats, like butter. The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine when we eat fatty foods. Bile helps to break down fats into smaller molecules, making it easier for our bodies to absorb and digest them. The liver also plays a crucial role in metabolizing and detoxifying various substances in the body.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What type of organic molecule is mainly digested in the stomach?
- A.
Lipids
- B.
Nucleic Acid
- C.
Proteins
- D.
Carbohydrates
Correct Answer
C. ProteinsExplanation
Proteins are mainly digested in the stomach. The stomach secretes hydrochloric acid and enzymes, such as pepsin, that break down proteins into smaller peptides. This process begins the digestion of proteins, which is later completed in the small intestine with the help of other enzymes. Lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates are digested in different parts of the digestive system, such as the small intestine and pancreas.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The DNA found within chicken meat is digested by which of the following?
- A.
Nuclease
- B.
Lipase
- C.
Bile
- D.
Amylase
Correct Answer
A. NucleaseExplanation
Nuclease is the correct answer because it is an enzyme that breaks down DNA molecules into smaller nucleotide fragments. When chicken meat is consumed, the nuclease present in the digestive system helps in breaking down the DNA found in the meat into smaller components that can be easily absorbed and utilized by the body. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, bile aids in the digestion and absorption of fats, and amylase breaks down carbohydrates, so they are not directly involved in the digestion of DNA.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following secretions comes from the liver?
- A.
Lipase
- B.
Bile
- C.
Nuclease
- D.
Amylase
Correct Answer
B. BileExplanation
Bile is the correct answer because it is a secretion produced by the liver. Bile is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. It helps in the emulsification of fats, making it easier for enzymes like lipase to break them down. Lipase, on the other hand, is an enzyme that breaks down fats and is not directly secreted by the liver. Nuclease and amylase are enzymes that are secreted by the pancreas, not the liver.Rate this question:
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- 6.
This cracker is chemically digested by ____________ in the ______________.
- A.
Amylase; mouth
- B.
Lipase; small intestine
- C.
Mucus; stomach
- D.
Nuclease; pancreas
Correct Answer
A. Amylase; mouthExplanation
Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into smaller molecules such as glucose. It is produced in the salivary glands and released into the mouth during the process of chewing. Once in the mouth, amylase begins the digestion of starches present in the cracker, breaking them down into simpler sugars. Therefore, the correct answer is amylase; mouth.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What would happen if the mucus cells in the stomach were not working properly?
- A.
The amylase would break down carbohydrates faster
- B.
Bile would back up into the liver
- C.
The hydrochloric acid would eat away at the stomach lining
- D.
The pepsin would not digest proteins properly
Correct Answer
C. The hydrochloric acid would eat away at the stomach liningExplanation
If the mucus cells in the stomach were not working properly, the protective layer of mucus that coats the stomach lining would be reduced. This would result in the hydrochloric acid, which is naturally present in the stomach to aid in digestion, being able to directly contact and damage the stomach lining. Over time, this can lead to the erosion of the stomach lining and the development of ulcers.Rate this question:
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- 8.
If chief cells in the stomach were not working properly, what would likely happen?
- A.
Proteins would not be digested properly
- B.
There would be more hydrochloric acid
- C.
There would be less bile
- D.
Carbohydrates would not be digested properly
Correct Answer
A. Proteins would not be digested properlyExplanation
If chief cells in the stomach were not working properly, proteins would not be digested properly. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, an inactive enzyme that is converted into pepsin, an active enzyme that breaks down proteins. Without the proper functioning of chief cells, pepsinogen would not be released and proteins would not be effectively broken down into smaller peptides and amino acids for absorption in the small intestine. This would lead to difficulties in protein digestion and nutrient absorption.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Parietal cells make ____________, which helps pepsinogen to digest _____________.
- A.
Hydrochloric acid; proteins
- B.
Hydrochloric acid; lipids
- C.
Bile; lipids
- D.
Bile; carbohydrates
Correct Answer
A. Hydrochloric acid; proteinsExplanation
Parietal cells in the stomach produce hydrochloric acid, which plays a crucial role in the digestion of proteins. Hydrochloric acid helps to activate the enzyme pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin. Pepsin is responsible for breaking down proteins into smaller peptides, facilitating their digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is hydrochloric acid; proteins.Rate this question:
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- 10.
If a person was unable to secrete amylase, what would probably happen?
- A.
The stomach lining would be destroyed
- B.
Proteins would not be physically digested
- C.
Proteins would not be chemically digested
- D.
Carbohydrates would not be chemically digested
Correct Answer
D. Carbohydrates would not be chemically digestedExplanation
If a person is unable to secrete amylase, which is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates, it would result in carbohydrates not being chemically digested. Amylase is an enzyme that helps in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars. Without amylase, the body would struggle to break down carbohydrates effectively, leading to difficulties in absorbing and utilizing them for energy. This could potentially result in digestive issues and a lack of essential nutrients from carbohydrates.Rate this question:
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