7.4 Human Genetics And Pedigree Charts

1. How are humans, pea plants and fruit flies related?

Follow the same patterns of hereditary

Eat the same kind of food

Behavioral similarity

All of the above

Humans, pea plants, and fruit flies are related in the sense that they all follow the same patterns of hereditary. This means that they all inherit traits and characteristics from their parents through genetic material. The passing down of genetic information from one generation to the next is a fundamental aspect of heredity, and it is observed in all three of these organisms.

Explanation

Humans, pea plants, and fruit flies are related in the sense that they all follow the same patterns of hereditary. This means that they all inherit traits and characteristics from their parents through genetic material. The passing down of genetic information from one generation to the next is a fundamental aspect of heredity, and it is observed in all three of these organisms.

2. What is a pedigree chart?

Chart that trace the phenotype and genotype of a family

Chart that shows the chromosomes of a family

Chart that shows different kinds of eye color

Family tree

A pedigree chart is a visual representation that traces the phenotype and genotype of a family. It helps to illustrate the inheritance patterns of specific traits or genetic conditions within a family tree. By mapping out the relationships between family members and noting the presence or absence of certain traits, scientists and genetic counselors can analyze patterns and make predictions about the likelihood of certain traits being passed on to future generations.

Explanation

A pedigree chart is a visual representation that traces the phenotype and genotype of a family. It helps to illustrate the inheritance patterns of specific traits or genetic conditions within a family tree. By mapping out the relationships between family members and noting the presence or absence of certain traits, scientists and genetic counselors can analyze patterns and make predictions about the likelihood of certain traits being passed on to future generations.

3. How do you see the karyotype?

Shine a bright light

Pour water over the cell and the chromosomes

Under a magnifying glass

Stain the cell and the chromosomes with chemicals

To see the karyotype, staining the cell and chromosomes with chemicals is necessary. This process helps to highlight the chromosomes and make them visible under a microscope. Staining allows for better visualization and identification of the different chromosomes, their structures, and any abnormalities that may be present. Without staining, the chromosomes would not be easily distinguishable, making it difficult to analyze and study the karyotype.

Explanation

To see the karyotype, staining the cell and chromosomes with chemicals is necessary. This process helps to highlight the chromosomes and make them visible under a microscope. Staining allows for better visualization and identification of the different chromosomes, their structures, and any abnormalities that may be present. Without staining, the chromosomes would not be easily distinguishable, making it difficult to analyze and study the karyotype.

4. What is a karyotype?

Picture that shows only the sex chromosomes

Picture that shows the phenotype of a family

Picture that shows all the chromosomes in a cell

Picture that shows the shape of the cells

A karyotype is a picture that shows all the chromosomes in a cell. It is used to analyze the number, size, and shape of chromosomes to identify genetic abnormalities or disorders. By examining the karyotype, geneticists can determine the sex of an individual, identify any chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome or Turner syndrome, and study the structure and organization of the chromosomes. Therefore, a karyotype is a valuable tool in genetic research and diagnosis.

Explanation

A karyotype is a picture that shows all the chromosomes in a cell. It is used to analyze the number, size, and shape of chromosomes to identify genetic abnormalities or disorders. By examining the karyotype, geneticists can determine the sex of an individual, identify any chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome or Turner syndrome, and study the structure and organization of the chromosomes. Therefore, a karyotype is a valuable tool in genetic research and diagnosis.

5. Who can be a sex-linked disorder carrier?

Males

Females

Children

Both Males and Females

Females can be carriers of sex-linked disorders because they have two X chromosomes. If a female inherits a defective gene on one of her X chromosomes, she can still be healthy because the other X chromosome can compensate for the defect. However, she can pass on the defective gene to her offspring, making them more likely to develop the disorder. Males, on the other hand, only have one X chromosome, so if they inherit a defective gene on that chromosome, they are more likely to develop the disorder themselves rather than being carriers. Children can also be carriers if they inherit a defective gene from their carrier mother.

Explanation

Females can be carriers of sex-linked disorders because they have two X chromosomes. If a female inherits a defective gene on one of her X chromosomes, she can still be healthy because the other X chromosome can compensate for the defect. However, she can pass on the defective gene to her offspring, making them more likely to develop the disorder. Males, on the other hand, only have one X chromosome, so if they inherit a defective gene on that chromosome, they are more likely to develop the disorder themselves rather than being carriers. Children can also be carriers if they inherit a defective gene from their carrier mother.