5th Grade Science Ch. 6 SEC 2 - Temperature

Temperature is measured using a thermometer. A thermometer is a device that consists of a bulb filled with a liquid, usually mercury or alcohol, which expands or contracts based on the temperature. This expansion or contraction is then measured using a scale on the thermometer, allowing us to determine the temperature.

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. It quantifies how hot or cold an object is by measuring the speed at which its particles are moving. The higher the temperature, the faster the particles are moving, indicating a greater average kinetic energy. Conversely, a lower temperature signifies slower particle movement and less average kinetic energy. Therefore, temperature is the correct answer as it directly relates to the average kinetic energy of particles in an object.

Windchill refers to the effect of wind on the human body, causing it to lose heat more rapidly and making the perceived temperature feel colder than it actually is. This phenomenon occurs because wind increases the rate of heat transfer from the body, leading to a greater sensation of coldness. Windchill is not related to the freezing of objects or the goosebumps experienced when feeling the wind on the face and arms.

As wind speeds increase, the wind chill index decreases. This is because the faster the wind blows, the more heat it can remove from our bodies. The wind carries away the heat that our bodies generate, making us feel colder than the actual air temperature. Therefore, as the wind speed increases, the wind chill temperature decreases, making it feel colder outside.

Heat is defined as the transfer of energy from one object to another due to a difference in temperature. When there is a temperature difference between two objects, heat flows from the hotter object to the cooler object until thermal equilibrium is reached. This transfer of energy occurs through various mechanisms such as conduction, convection, and radiation. It is important to note that heat is not something that just happens when you rub two objects together, nor is it solely the result of energy transfer through symbiotic motion.

The correct answer is copper, aluminum, iron, steel. These materials are known to be good conductors of electricity. Copper and aluminum are commonly used in electrical wiring due to their high conductivity. Iron and steel also have good conductivity and are often used in electrical circuits and appliances.

Heat is transferred through a solid from molecule to molecule. In solids, the molecules are closely packed together and vibrate in fixed positions. When heat is applied to one end of the solid, the molecules at that end gain energy and vibrate more vigorously. These molecules then collide with neighboring molecules, transferring the energy to them. This process continues throughout the solid, causing the heat to gradually spread from molecule to molecule, resulting in the transfer of heat through the solid.

When something is heated, the molecules gain thermal energy. This causes them to move faster and have more kinetic energy. As a result, the molecules become more active and collide with each other more frequently. This increased movement and collision between molecules leads to an increase in their excitement level. Therefore, the correct answer is that the molecules get excited when something is heated.

Wood and plastic are the best insulators among the given options. This is because both wood and plastic have high resistance to the flow of electric current. They do not conduct electricity easily, making them effective insulators. Gold, silver, and magnesium, on the other hand, are metals that are good conductors of electricity and heat, so they are not suitable insulators.

Dark surfaces absorb radiation better because they have a higher absorption coefficient. This means that when radiation, such as heat, comes into contact with a dark surface, a larger portion of it is absorbed by the surface rather than being reflected or transmitted. On the other hand, light surfaces have a lower absorption coefficient, so they reflect more radiation away rather than absorbing it. Therefore, dark surfaces are more effective in absorbing heat from radiation compared to light surfaces.

Heat can be transferred through empty space by radiation. Unlike conduction and convection, which require a medium such as solids, liquids, or gases, radiation can occur even in the absence of molecules. Radiation is the transfer of heat energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation, which can travel through a vacuum. This process allows heat from the Sun to reach the Earth, for example.

Sodium Chloride is the scientific name for table salt. It is composed of sodium and chlorine ions, and is commonly used as a seasoning and preservative in food. Sodium Chloride is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance in the body and is also used in various industrial processes.

Heat is measured in units called calories. A calorie is a unit of energy commonly used to measure the amount of heat energy in a substance. It is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. Therefore, when measuring heat, we use calories as the unit of measurement.