Science Exam: Trivia Questions! Quiz

Composite motions involve combining multiple joint movements into one exercise. This type of activity is beneficial for treating extrinsic extensor tightness because it helps to stretch and strengthen the muscles and tendons involved in the movement. By performing composite motions, the individual can target and address the tightness in the extensor muscles, promoting flexibility and reducing tension. This type of exercise can also improve range of motion and overall function in the affected area.

Extrinsic extensor tightness refers to a condition where the extensor tendons in the hand and fingers become tight, leading to limited flexion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints when the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint is flexed passively. This means that when the MP joint is bent, the PIP and DIP joints cannot flex fully due to the tightness of the extensor tendons. Therefore, the statement "Extrinsic extensor tightness can be confirmed when the PIP & DIP flexion is limited when the MP joint is passively flexed" is true.

During the inflammatory stage of wound healing, the body's immune response is activated to remove any debris or pathogens from the wound site. This stage typically lasts for 1-6 days after the injury. The inflammatory response involves the release of various chemical signals that attract immune cells to the site, causing redness, swelling, and pain. This stage is crucial for initiating the healing process and preparing the wound for the subsequent phases of healing.

Joint contracture is indicated by passive limitation of joint motion. This means that the joint cannot be moved through its full range of motion without assistance. In joint contracture, the joint becomes stiff and tight, resulting in a decreased ability to move the joint. This can be caused by various factors such as prolonged immobilization, muscle weakness, or scar tissue formation. It is important to address joint contracture early on to prevent further complications and maintain joint function.

The intrinsic muscles are indeed the small muscles of the hand. These muscles are responsible for fine motor movements and control of the fingers and thumb. They are located within the hand itself, as opposed to the extrinsic muscles which originate from the forearm and control larger movements of the hand and wrist. Therefore, the statement "The intrinsic muscles are the small muscles of the hand" is true.

The pisiform bone is a small, pea-shaped bone located in the wrist. It is situated on the palmar side of the hand, specifically over the triquetrum bone. In the palmar view, which is the view of the hand from the palm side, the pisiform bone can be seen floating over the triquetrum bone. Therefore, the statement that the pisiform floats over the triquetrum and is seen in the palmar view is true.

The tripod grip, also known as the 3-jaw chuck grip, is considered the most useful form of prehension. This grip involves using three fingers to hold an object, with the thumb and index finger forming a circle or "O" shape, while the middle finger supports the object. This grip provides stability, control, and precision, making it ideal for various tasks such as writing, drawing, and manipulating small objects.

Coordination can indeed be measured using a 9-hole peg test and the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation. The 9-hole peg test assesses a person's fine motor skills and coordination by measuring the time it takes to place and remove pegs from a board with nine holes. The Minnesota Rate of Manipulation is a standardized test that evaluates hand dexterity and coordination by measuring the speed and accuracy of performing specific hand movements. Therefore, both of these tests are valid measures of coordination abilities.

The statement is true because Finklestein's test is a diagnostic test used to assess for the presence of De Quervain's tenosynovitis, which is inflammation of the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist. To perform the test, the fingers are wrapped around the thumb in the palm, and then the hand is slowly moved into radial deviation (away from the midline of the body). If this movement elicits pain on the thumb side of the wrist, it is considered a positive test for De Quervain's tenosynovitis.

The Phalens test is a diagnostic test used to evaluate for carpal tunnel syndrome. It involves pressing the backs of the hands together for 60 seconds to reproduce symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or pain in the median nerve distribution. If symptoms are reproduced, it suggests a positive test for carpal tunnel syndrome. Therefore, the statement "To perform a Phalens test press the backs of the hands together for 60 seconds" is true.

Tinel's test is a diagnostic test used to assess nerve function. By tapping over the affected area, it can help identify the presence of nerve compression or injury. A positive response, indicated by a shooting electrical sensation, suggests nerve involvement and can help in diagnosing conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome or nerve entrapment. Therefore, the statement that a positive response elicits a shooting electrical sensation is true.

Blocking exercises provide proximal support to promote isolated motion at a particular site. These exercises involve the use of external supports or braces to restrict movement in one joint or muscle group while allowing movement in another. By blocking or limiting movement in certain areas, these exercises target specific muscles or joints, allowing for isolated motion and targeted strengthening or rehabilitation. This can be beneficial in cases where there is a need to focus on a particular site or muscle group without engaging surrounding areas.

it applies to CARPAL tunnel syndrome

The proximal row of carpals includes the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum. These three bones are located on the proximal (closer to the body) side of the wrist. The scaphoid is the largest bone in the proximal row and is located on the thumb side of the wrist. The lunate is located in the middle, and the triquetrum is located on the pinky side. These three bones work together to provide stability and flexibility to the wrist joint.

Extrinsic extensor tightness can be confirmed when the PIP & DIP flexion is limited when the MP joint is passively FLEXED

During Stage 1, the inflammatory stage, of wound healing, vasodilation occurs. This is the widening of blood vessels, which increases blood flow to the injured area. Phagocytosis also occurs, which is the process of white blood cells engulfing and destroying bacteria and debris. Vasoconstriction, on the other hand, is the narrowing of blood vessels and is not a characteristic of the inflammatory stage.

3 weeks to 1 year

PROM (Passive Range of Motion) refers to the movement of a joint when an external force is applied, while AROM (Active Range of Motion) refers to the movement of a joint when the individual uses their own muscles to move it. When PROM exceeds AROM at a joint, it means that the joint can be moved further when an external force is applied compared to when the individual tries to move it themselves. This suggests that there is a limitation in the joint's ability to move actively, indicating joint lag.

This answer indicates that joint tightness is indicated by the lack of change in passive range of motion (PROM) of the joint, even when the proximal or distal joints are repositioned. This suggests that there is a restriction or limitation in the joint's ability to move freely.

The intrinsic muscles are a group of muscles located within the hand and are responsible for fine motor movements. The lumbricals, dorsal interossei, and palmar interossei are all examples of intrinsic muscles. These muscles play a crucial role in controlling finger movements and grip strength. The extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, and palmaris longus are not intrinsic muscles but rather extrinsic muscles that originate outside of the hand and extend into the fingers or wrist. Therefore, the correct answer is Lumbricals, Dorsal Interossei, and Palmer Interossei.

Extrinsic muscles originate proximal to the hand

The Biomechanical FOR (Frame of Reference) focuses on addressing physical impairments and limitations in movement. The indications for using this approach include decreased strength, decreased range of motion (ROM), decreased endurance, decreased sensation, decreased coordination, increased pain, and increased swelling. These symptoms suggest that there may be underlying biomechanical issues that need to be addressed through therapeutic interventions aimed at improving physical function and mobility.

Tripod (3-jaw Chuck) is the most useful form of prehension.

The 5-Fret Method requires a measurement taken at each fret of the Jamar Dynamometer. This method is used to assess grip strength and involves measuring the force exerted by the hand at each fret. The measurements taken at each fret are then plotted on a graph, which typically forms a bell curve. This method provides a comprehensive assessment of grip strength across different levels of finger flexion and extension.

The answer includes the 10 critical components required in the physical examination of a hand/UE evaluation. These components are: Pain assessment (3 questions), Range of Motion (ROM), Inspection (visual comparison of hands, skin condition, scars, wounds), Palpation and Special Tests (Finklesteins, Phalens, Tinels), Differential Diagnosis, Coordination/Dexterity (9-hole peg test, MRMD), Strength assessment (MMT, Jamar, Pinchmeter), Edema assessment (circumferential or volumeter), Sensation assessment (2-point discrimination), and Circulation assessment. These components are important for a comprehensive evaluation of the hand/UE and can help in determining the patient's condition and establishing appropriate therapeutic objectives.

The first component in Nelson's Conceptual Framework is Occupational Form. This refers to the specific occupations or roles that individuals engage in within a society. It considers the tasks, responsibilities, and skills associated with different occupations and how they contribute to the overall functioning of society. Occupational form helps to shape individuals' identities and social interactions, as well as influencing the distribution of power and resources within a society.

Extrinsic muscles are longer musculotendinous units that originate proximal to the hand. These muscles have their origin outside of the hand and their tendons extend into the hand, allowing for movement and control of the fingers and wrist. These muscles are responsible for movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction of the fingers and wrist. They play a crucial role in fine motor skills and hand coordination.

The 2nd stage of wound healing is fibroplasia, repair, and regeneration. During this stage, fibroblasts migrate to the wound site and begin to produce collagen, which forms a framework for new tissue growth. This stage also involves angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, to provide oxygen and nutrients to the healing tissue. Additionally, the wound begins to contract as myofibroblasts pull the wound edges together. Overall, this stage is crucial for the formation of new tissue and the restoration of the wound's structural integrity.

Edema refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the body's tissues, leading to swelling. It is a common occurrence following an injury as a result of inflammation and increased blood flow to the affected area. The body's response to injury includes releasing chemicals that cause blood vessels to become leaky, allowing fluid to escape into the surrounding tissues. This fluid buildup causes the characteristic swelling associated with edema. Therefore, given that the question mentions swelling after injury, edema is the most appropriate answer.

The volume displacement test, using a Volumeter, is used to measure edema. Edema refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the body's tissues, leading to swelling. This test helps in quantifying the amount of fluid present by measuring the volume displaced when a body part is submerged in water. By comparing the volume of the body part before and after immersion, the extent of edema can be determined. This test is commonly used in medical settings to assess and monitor edema in patients.

The test described in the question, where the fingers are wrapped around the thumb in the palm and the hand is slowly moved into radial deviation, is known as the Finklesteins test. This test is commonly used to diagnose De Quervain's tenosynovitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the tendons in the thumb. By performing this test, healthcare professionals can assess for pain and tenderness in the affected area, helping to confirm the diagnosis.

Phalen's test is a diagnostic test used to assess for carpal tunnel syndrome. It involves the patient pressing the backs of their hands together and holding this position for 60 seconds. This test is based on the principle that compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel can cause symptoms such as pain, numbness, and tingling. If symptoms are reproduced or worsened during the Phalen's test, it may indicate the presence of carpal tunnel syndrome.