Neurosensory System (Exam Mode) By Rnpedia.Com

The deltoid ligament is not found in the knee. The deltoid ligament is actually found in the ankle, not the knee. It is a strong, triangular ligament that helps to stabilize the inner side of the ankle joint.

The femoral triangle is a region in the upper thigh that contains the femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral nerve. The femoral ligament, also known as the inguinal ligament, is not included in the femoral triangle. It is a fibrous band that runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle, forming the lower border of the triangle.

The carotid canal is the only passageway listed that contains the internal carotid artery. The foramen rotundum is a passageway for a branch of the trigeminal nerve, the condylar canal is a passageway for veins, and the foramen ovale is a passageway for a branch of the trigeminal nerve as well.

The wrist extensors are primarily controlled by the radial nerve. The radial nerve innervates the muscles that extend the wrist and fingers, allowing for movements such as wrist extension and finger straightening. The ulnar nerve controls the muscles of the hand and is not primarily responsible for wrist extension. The median nerve primarily controls the muscles of the forearm and hand, but not specifically the wrist extensors. The tibial nerve is not involved in the control of the wrist extensors as it primarily innervates the muscles of the lower leg and foot.

The pudendal nerve supplies the muscles of the perineum. The perineum is the region between the anus and the external genitalia, and it contains several important muscles involved in urination, defecation, and sexual function. The pudendal nerve innervates these muscles, providing the necessary motor control and sensation for their proper function. The other nerves listed, such as the sciatic nerve, femoral nerve, and tibial nerve, do not specifically supply the muscles of the perineum.

The carotid sheath is a connective tissue structure that surrounds and protects the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and cranial nerve X (vagus nerve). Cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) is not a component of the carotid sheath.

The axillary nerve innervates the deltoid muscle. It is a branch of the brachial plexus and provides motor innervation to the deltoid muscle, which is responsible for shoulder abduction. The other options listed are not innervators of the deltoid muscle.

The left anterior descending artery (LAD) is the most frequent site of coronary artery stenosis. This is because the LAD supplies a large portion of the left ventricle, which is the main pumping chamber of the heart. Any blockage or narrowing in the LAD can significantly reduce blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to symptoms such as chest pain or angina. Therefore, stenosis in the LAD is a common cause of coronary artery disease.

The stylomastoid foramen is the passageway that contains the facial nerve and blood vessels. The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression. The blood vessels in this passageway supply oxygen and nutrients to the facial nerve and surrounding tissues. The other options listed do not contain the facial nerve and blood vessels. The inferior orbital fissure is a passageway for nerves and blood vessels related to the eye. The foramen ovale is a passageway for nerves and blood vessels related to the trigeminal nerve. The carotid canal is a passageway for the carotid artery, which supplies blood to the brain.

The superior oblique muscle is responsible for rotating the eye downward and away from the midline. The other three muscles listed have different functions: the inferior oblique muscle rotates the eye upward and away from the midline, the inferior rectus muscle rotates the eye downward and toward the midline, and the superior rectus muscle rotates the eye upward and toward the midline.

The adductor pollicis muscle is responsible for adducting the thumb towards the palm of the hand. It is innervated by the ulnar nerve, which is one of the major nerves in the hand. The ulnar nerve provides motor innervation to many muscles in the hand, including the adductor pollicis, as well as sensory innervation to the little finger and part of the ring finger. Therefore, the correct answer is ulnar.

The most common site of disc herniation is the L5-S1 level. This refers to the disc between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the first sacral vertebra in the lower back. Disc herniation occurs when the soft inner part of the disc protrudes through the outer layer, putting pressure on nearby nerves. The L5-S1 level is particularly susceptible to herniation due to the high amount of stress and movement it experiences. This can lead to symptoms such as lower back pain, leg pain, and numbness or weakness in the legs.

The tibial nerve is not directly linked to the L2-L3 spinal level. The tibial nerve arises from the sciatic nerve, which is formed by the L4-S3 spinal nerves. Therefore, it is not directly connected to the L2-L3 spinal level. In contrast, the obturator nerve arises from the L2-L4 spinal nerves, and the femoral nerve arises from the L2-L4 spinal nerves as well.

The maxillary nerve and blood vessels are contained in the inferior orbital fissure. This passageway is located in the skull and connects the middle cranial fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa. The maxillary nerve, which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve, passes through this fissure along with the maxillary artery and veins. The maxillary nerve provides sensory innervation to the upper teeth, upper gum, upper lip, and the skin of the cheek, while the maxillary artery supplies blood to the structures in this region.

The axillary nerve innervates the teres minor muscle. The teres minor is one of the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff in the shoulder. It is responsible for external rotation and stabilization of the shoulder joint. The axillary nerve originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and supplies motor innervation to the teres minor, as well as the deltoid muscle.

The pronator teres muscle is innervated by the median nerve. This nerve originates from the brachial plexus and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the forearm and hand. The pronator teres muscle is responsible for pronating the forearm, which means rotating it so that the palm faces downwards. The median nerve runs alongside the pronator teres muscle and sends signals to control its movement.

The question asks for a muscle that is not identified in the rotator cuff. The rotator cuff is a group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. The muscles identified in the rotator cuff are the teres minor, infraspinatus, and supraspinatus. The correct answer, Teres Major, is not a muscle identified in the rotator cuff.

The unhappy triad, also known as O'Donoghue's triad, is a knee injury that involves three components: the medial collateral ligament (MCL), the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and the medial meniscus. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is not part of the unhappy triad.

The superior rectus muscle is responsible for rotating the eye upward and toward the midline. This muscle helps in elevating the eye and also contributes to medial rotation. The other muscles listed in the options have different functions. The inferior oblique muscle rotates the eye upward and away from the midline, the superior oblique muscle rotates the eye downward and away from the midline, and the inferior rectus muscle rotates the eye downward and toward the midline.

The inguinal ligament is a landmark located in the groin area. The spinal dermatome level that corresponds with this landmark is L1. Dermatomes are specific areas of skin that are innervated by a single spinal nerve. The L1 spinal nerve supplies sensation to the area where the inguinal ligament is located.