What Do You Know About Socialization Theories?

Primary socialization refers to the initial process through which a child learns the values, norms, and behaviors that are considered appropriate within a particular society. It typically occurs within the home environment, where the child is exposed to the beliefs and practices of their immediate family members. This early socialization helps the child develop a sense of self, learn social skills, and understand societal expectations. Therefore, the statement "A child learns the value and attribute appropriate to individuals" accurately characterizes primary socialization.

Charles Horton Cooley created the 'looking-glass self' psychology theory.

George Herbert Mead developed the theory of social behaviorism. He was an American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist who is known for his contributions to the field of symbolic interactionism. Mead believed that individuals develop their sense of self through interactions with others and that social behavior is influenced by the meanings and symbols we attach to our experiences. His theory emphasized the role of social interaction in shaping human behavior and identity.

Erik Erikson is the correct answer because he is the psychologist who defined the stages of psychosocial development. Erikson proposed a theory that individuals go through eight stages of development, each characterized by a specific psychosocial conflict that must be resolved for healthy development. These stages span from infancy to old age and encompass various aspects of life, including trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, and integrity versus despair. Erikson's theory has had a significant impact on the field of psychology and our understanding of human development.

Human beings exhibit three stages of moral development. This is based on the theory proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg, who suggested that moral development occurs in a sequential manner. The three stages are pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. In the pre-conventional stage, individuals make moral decisions based on self-interest and avoiding punishment. In the conventional stage, moral decisions are influenced by societal norms and expectations. Finally, in the post-conventional stage, individuals develop their own moral principles based on abstract reasoning and personal values.

Secondary socialization refers to the process in which an individual learns and internalizes societal norms, values, and behaviors outside of their primary socialization in the home. It occurs in various social institutions such as schools, workplaces, and peer groups. This type of socialization allows individuals to adapt to different social settings and acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to function effectively in society. Therefore, the statement "It takes place outside the home" accurately characterizes secondary socialization.

Gender socialization refers to the process through which individuals learn and internalize the behaviors, roles, and expectations that are considered appropriate for their particular gender. It involves the transmission of societal norms, values, and beliefs about what it means to be a man or a woman. This includes learning behaviors that are considered typical or expected for a specific gender, such as how to dress, how to behave in social situations, and how to perform gender-specific tasks. By learning behavior peculiar to a particular gender, individuals are socialized into conforming to societal expectations and norms associated with their gender.

Group socialization is characterized by the influence of peers on an individual's behavior, beliefs, and values. During group socialization, individuals learn and adopt social norms, attitudes, and behaviors from their peers. This influence is often stronger than that of parents or society as individuals tend to seek acceptance and approval from their peers. Peer groups provide a sense of belonging, identity, and socialization experiences that shape an individual's development and social interactions.

Human beings exhibit eight stages of psychosocial development. This theory was proposed by Erik Erikson, a renowned developmental psychologist. According to Erikson, each stage represents a specific conflict or challenge that individuals must resolve to progress successfully to the next stage. These stages encompass the entire lifespan, from infancy to old age. Each stage involves different tasks and experiences that contribute to the development of an individual's identity and sense of self. Therefore, the correct answer is 8.

The human psyche can be divided into three parts. This is based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which suggests that the human mind consists of the conscious mind, the subconscious mind, and the unconscious mind. The conscious mind is the part of the psyche that is aware of our thoughts and actions. The subconscious mind holds our memories, emotions, and beliefs that are not currently in our conscious awareness. The unconscious mind contains repressed memories, instincts, and desires that are hidden from our conscious awareness.