What Do You Know About Chronic Kidney Disease?

High blood pressure is a known cause of chronic kidney disease. When blood pressure is consistently high, it can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the body. Over time, this can lead to kidney damage and the development of chronic kidney disease. Therefore, high blood pressure is a significant risk factor for the development and progression of this condition.

CKD, or chronic kidney disease, is a condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. Unlike an abrupt loss of kidney function, CKD develops slowly and may not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Complications of CKD can include anemia, among other health issues. Therefore, the statement "The process of loss of kidney function is gradual" best describes CKD.

The correct answer is AKI can be reversible. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) refers to a sudden and temporary loss of kidney function, which can be caused by various factors such as dehydration, medication side effects, or infections. Unlike Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), which is a long-term condition that progresses slowly and is irreversible, AKI can often be reversed with proper treatment and management of the underlying cause. Therefore, the key difference between CKD and AKI is that AKI is potentially reversible, while CKD is not.

CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) is a condition where the kidneys are not able to function properly. Increase in blood pressure, accumulation of urea, and accumulation of potassium in the blood are all common symptoms of CKD. However, a decrease in serum creatinine is not a symptom of CKD. Serum creatinine levels usually increase in CKD as the kidneys are not able to filter waste products effectively. Therefore, a decrease in serum creatinine would indicate improved kidney function rather than a symptom of CKD.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of CKD as of 2015. This is because high blood sugar levels over time can damage the blood vessels and filters in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage and eventually CKD. Diabetes affects the kidneys by causing diabetic nephropathy, a condition where the kidneys become less efficient at filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood. Therefore, diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of CKD.

In 2015, approximately 1.2 million people died from having CKD.

Pinworms can cause nephropathy, which is a condition that affects the kidneys. Pinworms are parasites that infect the intestines, and in severe cases, they can migrate to other parts of the body, including the kidneys. This can lead to inflammation and damage to the kidneys, resulting in nephropathy. Therefore, pinworm infection can be a potential cause of nephropathy.

The given statement that "People with CKD are less likely to develop cardiovascular disease" is false. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This is because CKD can lead to the accumulation of waste products and fluid in the body, causing damage to blood vessels and increasing the risk of conditions such as high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke. Therefore, individuals with CKD are actually more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

Mesoamerican nephropathy can also be referred to as agricultural nephropathy. This condition is a type of chronic kidney disease that affects agricultural workers in Central America, particularly those involved in sugarcane farming. It is believed to be caused by a combination of heat, dehydration, and exposure to toxins in the environment, such as pesticides and heavy metals. The condition is characterized by progressive kidney damage and can lead to end-stage renal disease.

Uremic toxins are waste products that accumulate in the body when the kidneys are unable to filter them out effectively. These toxins are categorized into three main groups: small water-soluble molecules, protein-bound molecules, and middle molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is 3.