TOEFL English Exam Prep

The opposite of the word "finite" is "infinite" because "finite" means having limits or bounds, while "infinite" means without limits or boundless. Therefore, "infinite" is the word that has the opposite meaning to "finite."

Linguistics is the field concerned with languages. It is the scientific study of language and its structure, including the sounds, words, and grammar used in human communication. Linguists analyze language patterns, variations, and evolution, seeking to understand how languages are formed, how they change over time, and how they are used in different social and cultural contexts. Linguistics also explores the cognitive processes involved in language production and comprehension. It is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with anthropology, sociology, psychology, and computer science, among others, to gain insights into the nature of human language.

A transitive verb is a verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning. It transfers the action from the subject to the object. In this case, "catch," "bring," and "kill" are all transitive verbs because they require a direct object. For example, in the sentence "He caught the ball," "the ball" is the direct object. However, "sneeze" is an intransitive verb because it does not require a direct object. It expresses an action that does not transfer to an object. For example, in the sentence "He sneezed," there is no direct object.

A morphological unit of a language is called a morpheme. A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language that cannot be further divided into smaller parts with meaning. It can be a word or a part of a word that carries a specific meaning. In contrast, an antonym refers to a word that has the opposite meaning of another word, a cluster is a group of consonants occurring together in a word, and a syllable is a unit of pronunciation consisting of a vowel sound with or without surrounding consonants.

The word "mirth" refers to a state of amusement or laughter. Among the given options, "happiness" is the most suitable replacement for "mirth" as it also denotes a positive and joyful state of being. The other options, such as "match," "fill," and "copy," do not have the same connotation or meaning as "mirth."

The phonological unit of words is the syllable. A syllable is a unit of sound that contains a vowel or a vowel sound. It is the basic building block of words and helps in understanding the pronunciation and structure of words. Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings, diphthongs are a combination of two vowel sounds, and morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of language.

The word "Had" is the odd one out because it is the only past tense form of the verb, while the other options are present tense forms.

Valency is related to the transitivity of a verb. Valency refers to the number of arguments or complements that a verb requires in a sentence. Transitivity is a specific type of valency that refers to the ability of a verb to take a direct object. A transitive verb requires a direct object to complete its meaning, while an intransitive verb does not. Therefore, valency is directly related to the transitivity of a verb.

A diphthong is a combination of two vowel sounds within a single syllable. In the word "toy," the vowel sound starts as /ɔɪ/ and glides into /i/, making it a diphthong. The other options, "transit," "claim," and "bat," do not contain diphthongs as they consist of only one vowel sound in each syllable.

In the English language, there are two types of morphemes: free morphemes and bound morphemes. Free morphemes can stand alone as words, such as "cat" or "run," while bound morphemes cannot function independently and must be attached to a free morpheme, such as the "-s" in "cats" or the "-ed" in "jumped." Therefore, the correct answer is two.