TEAS Nursing School Review Questions

Explanation
The hamstrings are responsible for flexing the knee joint. They are a group of muscles located at the back of the thigh, consisting of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. These muscles work together to bend the knee and bring the lower leg towards the buttocks. The hamstrings also play a role in extending the hip joint, but their primary function is knee flexion. Therefore, the correct answer is knee.

Explanation
Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. It is primarily produced in the pancreas, specifically in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. These cells are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism and helps to regulate the uptake and utilization of glucose by cells throughout the body. Dysfunction or insufficient production of insulin can lead to diabetes, a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct answer is "In the pancreas."

Explanation
In KClO4 (potassium perchlorate), the oxidation state of chlorine is +7. This is because the oxidation state of potassium is +1 and the oxidation state of oxygen is -2. Since the overall charge of the compound is 0, the oxidation state of chlorine can be calculated by solving the equation: (+1) + (x) + 4(-2) = 0, where x represents the oxidation state of chlorine. Solving this equation gives us x = +7, indicating that chlorine has an oxidation state of +7 in KClO4.

Explanation
Anxiety can lead to high blood pressure, loss of appetite, and constipation or diarrhea. When a person is anxious, their body releases stress hormones that can increase blood pressure. Anxiety can also affect the digestive system, leading to a loss of appetite and causing constipation or diarrhea. Therefore, all of the given conditions can be caused by anxiety.

Explanation
Rectus muscle fibers are vertically aligned in the body. The term "rectus" means straight or upright, indicating that these muscle fibers run in a straight line vertically. This alignment allows the rectus muscles to perform actions such as flexion and extension in a linear manner.

Explanation
Concentric contraction refers to the type of muscle contraction where the muscle shortens as it generates force. This occurs when the muscle is actively contracting and overcoming resistance, such as when lifting a weight during a bicep curl. In this type of contraction, the muscle fibers are pulling on the tendons, causing the muscle to shorten and the joint to move.

Explanation
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions. It is divided into two parts: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses, while the parasympathetic nervous system promotes "rest and digest" activities. Therefore, the correct answer is "Sympathetic and parasympathetic."

Explanation
Noble gases contain elements that are nonreactive because they have a full outer electron shell, making them stable. This stability prevents them from easily gaining or losing electrons, which is necessary for chemical reactions to occur. As a result, noble gases are generally unreactive and do not readily form compounds with other elements.

Explanation
Sodium reacts explosively when dropped into water because it is a highly reactive metal. When sodium comes into contact with water, it undergoes a vigorous exothermic reaction, producing hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide. This reaction is so intense that it can cause the sodium to explode or catch fire.

Explanation
The duodenum is responsible for breaking down food in the small intestines. It is the first part of the small intestine and receives partially digested food from the stomach. It releases digestive enzymes and receives bile from the liver and gallbladder, which aid in the breakdown of food. The duodenum plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from the food we consume.