Graphite is a substance made of carbon atoms only, as is diamond. However, the two substances are very different. Why?

The atoms in diamond are arranged in a giant covalent lattice and the atoms in graphite are arranged in layers

The atoms in diamond are arranged in layers and the atoms in graphite are arranged in a giant covalent structure

The atoms in diamond are arranged in a giant covalent structure and the atoms in graphite are arranged at random

The atoms in diamond are arranged at random and the atoms in graphite are arranged in layers

Take This Difficult Chemistry Quiz

1.

Graphite is a substance made of carbon atoms only, as is diamond. However, the two substances are very different. Why?
- A.
  
  The atoms in diamond are arranged in layers and the atoms in graphite are arranged in a giant covalent structure
- B.
  
  The atoms in diamond are arranged in a giant covalent lattice and the atoms in graphite are arranged in layers
- C.
  
  The atoms in diamond are arranged in a giant covalent structure and the atoms in graphite are arranged at random
- D.
  
  The atoms in diamond are arranged at random and the atoms in graphite are arranged in layers
Correct Answer
B. The atoms in diamond are arranged in a giant covalent lattice and the atoms in graphite are arranged in layers

Explanation
The correct answer is that the atoms in diamond are arranged in a giant covalent lattice and the atoms in graphite are arranged in layers. This explanation highlights the key difference between diamond and graphite in terms of their atomic arrangement. Diamond has a three-dimensional structure where each carbon atom is bonded to four neighboring carbon atoms in a repeating pattern, forming a strong and rigid lattice. On the other hand, graphite has a layered structure where each carbon atom is bonded to three neighboring carbon atoms within a layer, resulting in weak van der Waals forces between the layers. This fundamental difference in atomic arrangement gives diamond its hardness and graphite its softness and ability to conduct electricity.

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2.

What type of structure does the carbon in diamond form?
- A.
  
  Giant structure
- B.
  
  Giant covalent structure
- C.
  
  Covalent bond
- D.
  
  Ionic bond
Correct Answer
B. Giant covalent structure

Explanation
The correct answer is giant covalent structure. Diamond is composed entirely of carbon atoms that are bonded together through strong covalent bonds. In a giant covalent structure, each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms, forming a three-dimensional network. This structure gives diamond its hardness and high melting point.

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3.

In an ammonia molecule hydrogen and nitrogen atoms share electrons. What kind of bonding is this?
- A.
  
  Covalent
- B.
  
  Hydrogen
- C.
  
  Ionic
- D.
  
  Metallic
Correct Answer
A. Covalent

Explanation
In an ammonia molecule, the hydrogen and nitrogen atoms share electrons, forming covalent bonds. Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. In this case, the nitrogen atom needs three additional electrons to complete its outer shell, while each hydrogen atom has one electron to share. Therefore, the three hydrogen atoms each share one electron with the nitrogen atom, resulting in a stable ammonia molecule.

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4.

The type of bonding that holds the atoms together in salt is...
- A.
  
  Covalent
- B.
  
  Hydrogen
- C.
  
  Ionic
- D.
  
  Metallic
Correct Answer
C. Ionic

Explanation
Ionic bonding is the type of bonding that holds the atoms together in salt. In ionic bonding, electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating positively and negatively charged ions. In the case of salt, sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in the formation of sodium cations (Na+) and chloride anions (Cl-). These oppositely charged ions are then attracted to each other, forming an ionic bond. This type of bonding is characterized by the strong electrostatic attraction between the ions and is typically found in compounds composed of a metal and a nonmetal.

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5.

What type of bonding is present in gold?
- A.
  
  Covalent
- B.
  
  Hydrogen
- C.
  
  Ionic
- D.
  
  Metallic
Correct Answer
D. Metallic

Explanation
Gold exhibits metallic bonding. Metallic bonding occurs between metal atoms, where the valence electrons are delocalized and form a "sea" of electrons that are free to move throughout the structure. This results in the characteristic properties of metals, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, and ductility.

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6.

Glucose molecules are formed from atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. What type of bonding is present in a glucose molecule?
- A.
  
  Covalent
- B.
  
  Hydrogen
- C.
  
  Ionic
- D.
  
  Metallic
Correct Answer
A. Covalent

Explanation
The correct answer is covalent because glucose molecules are formed through covalent bonding, which involves the sharing of electrons between atoms. In a glucose molecule, carbon atoms are bonded to hydrogen and oxygen atoms through covalent bonds, resulting in a stable molecular structure. Covalent bonds are typically found in molecules composed of nonmetal atoms, such as glucose, where atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer electron shell.

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7.

What type of bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from the outer shell of one atom to the outer shell of another?
- A.
  
  Covalent
- B.
  
  Hydrogen
- C.
  
  Ionic
- D.
  
  Metallic
Correct Answer
C. Ionic

Explanation
Ionic bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from the outer shell of one atom to the outer shell of another. In this type of bonding, one atom becomes positively charged (cation) by losing electrons, while the other atom becomes negatively charged (anion) by gaining those electrons. The attraction between the opposite charges holds the atoms together, forming an ionic bond. Ionic bonds are typically formed between metals and nonmetals, and they result in the formation of ionic compounds.

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8.

The type of bonding that holds the atoms together in water is...
- A.
  
  Covalent
- B.
  
  Hydrogen
- C.
  
  Ionic
- D.
  
  Metallic
Correct Answer
A. Covalent

Explanation
The type of bonding that holds the atoms together in water is covalent. Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule. In water, two hydrogen atoms each share one electron with an oxygen atom, resulting in a water molecule with two covalent bonds. This sharing of electrons creates a strong bond between the atoms, allowing water to exist in its liquid form at room temperature.

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9.

What type of bonding has 'free' electrons?
- A.
  
  Covalent
- B.
  
  Hydrogen
- C.
  
  Ionic
- D.
  
  Metallic
Correct Answer
D. Metallic

Explanation
Metallic bonding involves a lattice of positive metal ions surrounded by a "sea" of delocalized electrons. These free electrons are not bound to any particular atom and are able to move freely throughout the structure. This type of bonding is responsible for the unique properties of metals, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, and ductility.

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10.

What type of bonding occurs when electrons are shared between the atoms in a molecule?
- A.
  
  Covalent
- B.
  
  Hydrogen
- C.
  
  Ionic
- D.
  
  Metallic
Correct Answer
A. Covalent

Explanation
Covalent bonding occurs when electrons are shared between the atoms in a molecule. In this type of bonding, atoms share electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration. This sharing of electrons creates a strong bond between the atoms, resulting in the formation of a molecule. Covalent bonds are typically formed between nonmetal atoms, as they have a tendency to gain or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

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Take This Difficult Chemistry Quiz

Graphite is a substance made of carbon atoms only, as is diamond. However, the two substances are very different. Why?

What type of structure does the carbon in diamond form?

In an ammonia molecule hydrogen and nitrogen atoms share electrons. What kind of bonding is this?

The type of bonding that holds the atoms together in salt is...

What type of bonding is present in gold?

Glucose molecules are formed from atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. What type of bonding is present in a glucose molecule?

What type of bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from the outer shell of one atom to the outer shell of another?

The type of bonding that holds the atoms together in water is...

What type of bonding has 'free' electrons?

What type of bonding occurs when electrons are shared between the atoms in a molecule?