Hiset Science Test Prep

Explanation
The Latin word "Scientia" originated the English word "science".

Explanation
The word "science" refers to the systematic study of the natural world and the knowledge gained from this study. It involves observing, experimenting, and analyzing data to understand the physical and natural phenomena around us. Science encompasses various fields such as biology, chemistry, physics, and more, and aims to provide explanations and insights into the workings of the universe. Therefore, the correct answer "knowledge" accurately captures the essence of science as the pursuit and accumulation of understanding about the world we live in.

Explanation
The BCE period of 3500 - 3000 is considered to be the earliest roots of science because it was during this time that several ancient civilizations, such as the Mesopotamians and the Egyptians, made significant advancements in various scientific fields. These civilizations developed mathematical systems, astronomical observations, and medical knowledge, laying the foundation for future scientific discoveries and understanding. The other options provided (4000 - 4500, 2500 - 2000, and 5000 - 5500) do not align with historical evidence and are not associated with significant scientific developments during those time periods.

Explanation
In the 19th century, many institutions and professional features began to take shape. This century witnessed significant advancements in various fields such as education, medicine, law, and government. The establishment of universities, professional organizations, and regulatory bodies laid the foundation for the development and standardization of different professions. Additionally, the Industrial Revolution during this period led to the emergence of new industries and the need for specialized skills, further contributing to the professionalization of various fields.

Explanation
Modern science is divided into three categories. This division allows scientists to specialize and focus their research in specific areas. The three categories are natural sciences, social sciences, and formal sciences. Natural sciences study the natural world and include disciplines such as biology, chemistry, and physics. Social sciences explore human behavior and society, including fields like psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Formal sciences deal with abstract concepts and include mathematics, logic, and computer science. This categorization helps to organize and understand the vast field of scientific knowledge.

Explanation
Science is based on research because it relies on the systematic investigation of phenomena through observation, experimentation, and analysis. Research allows scientists to gather data, test hypotheses, and draw conclusions based on evidence. It is through research that scientific knowledge is expanded and refined, leading to a better understanding of the natural world. History, formulas, and knowledge are all important aspects of science, but they are built upon and influenced by research.

Explanation
Leucippus is credited with developing the theory of atoms. He was an ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that all matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. Leucippus' theory laid the foundation for the later atomic theories of Democritus and Epicurus, and greatly influenced the development of modern atomic theory. His ideas challenged the prevailing belief of his time that matter was continuous and could be infinitely divided. Leucippus' theory of atoms revolutionized the way we understand the composition of matter.

Explanation
Hippocrates is known as the father of medicine because he was an ancient Greek physician who revolutionized the field of medicine. He established medicine as a separate discipline from philosophy and superstition, and emphasized the importance of observation, clinical experience, and ethical practices in the practice of medicine. Hippocrates also developed the Hippocratic Oath, which is still followed by physicians today, highlighting his lasting impact on the field of medicine.

Explanation
In 1953, the molecular structure of DNA was discovered. This discovery was made by James Watson and Francis Crick, along with the help of Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallography images. Their discovery of the double helix structure of DNA revolutionized the field of biology and laid the foundation for our understanding of genetics and heredity.

Explanation
In 1964, cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered. This discovery was made by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, who were conducting experiments using a large horn antenna. They noticed a persistent noise that seemed to come from all directions in the sky, regardless of the direction the antenna was pointed. After ruling out other possible sources, they concluded that this noise was the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is considered to be one of the strongest pieces of evidence for the Big Bang theory.