Unit 9 - Salts

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  • 1/9 Questions

    A(n) ______ is an organic compound formed by the reaction of an organic acid and an alcohol.

    • Salt
    • Ester
    • Base
    • Indicator
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About This Quiz

This quiz titled 'Unit 9 - Salts' explores the formation and properties of salts and soaps, differentiating between soaps and detergents, and the environmental impact of phosphates in detergents. It assesses understanding of organic compounds and their applications, relevant for learners in chemistry.

Organic Chemistry Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    A(n) ____ is a compound formed when the negative ions form an acid combine with the positive ions from a base.

    • Alcohol

    • Ester

    • Salt

    • Carboxyl

    Correct Answer
    A. Salt
    Explanation
    When negative ions from an acid combine with positive ions from a base, they form a compound called a salt. Salts are formed through a chemical reaction known as neutralization, where the acidic and basic properties are neutralized, resulting in the formation of a salt. Therefore, the correct answer is salt.

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  • 3. 

    Which of the following substances contains a base?

    • Vinegar

    • Lemon juice

    • Fertilizer

    • Aspirin

    Correct Answer
    A. Fertilizer
    Explanation
    Fertilizer contains a base because it is typically made up of various compounds that provide essential nutrients to plants. These compounds often include bases such as ammonia or potassium hydroxide, which help to neutralize soil acidity and promote plant growth. Vinegar and lemon juice are acidic substances, while aspirin is a neutral compound. Therefore, fertilizer is the only option in the given list that contains a base.

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  • 4. 

    What three acids are used in fertilizers?

    • Acetic, carbonic, and hydrochloric

    • Nitric, sulfuric, and phosphoric

    • Nitric, acetic, and sulfuric

    • Phosphoric, carbonic, and ascorbic

    Correct Answer
    A. Nitric, sulfuric, and phosphoric
    Explanation
    Nitric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids are commonly used in fertilizers. Nitric acid provides nitrogen, which is an essential nutrient for plant growth. Sulfuric acid helps to acidify the soil and increase the availability of other nutrients. Phosphoric acid provides phosphorus, another important nutrient for plants. These three acids are widely used in the formulation of fertilizers to ensure that plants receive the necessary nutrients for healthy growth.

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  • 5. 

    _____ are organic salts.

    • Esters

    • Titrations

    • Soaps

    • Polymers

    Correct Answer
    A. Soaps
    Explanation
    Soaps are organic salts because they are formed by the reaction of a fatty acid with an alkali metal hydroxide. This reaction results in the formation of a salt called a soap. Soaps have a polar head (the salt) and a nonpolar tail (the fatty acid), which allows them to dissolve in both water and oil. Soaps are commonly used as cleansing agents due to their ability to remove dirt and oils from surfaces.

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  • 6. 

    What is the difference between a soap and a detergent?

    • Soaps have long hydrocarbon chains and detergents have long nitrogen chains.

    • Detergents have long hydrocarbon chains and soaps have long nitrogen chains.

    • Soaps contain salts and detergents contain sulfonic or phosphoric acid groups.

    • Detergents contain carboxylic acid groups and soaps contain phosphoric acid groups.

    Correct Answer
    A. Soaps contain salts and detergents contain sulfonic or phosphoric acid groups.
    Explanation
    Soaps contain salts and detergents contain sulfonic or phosphoric acid groups. This is because soaps are made from natural fats or oils and are formed by the reaction of these fats or oils with an alkali, such as sodium hydroxide. This reaction produces a salt, which is the soap. On the other hand, detergents are synthetic compounds that are made from petroleum or other chemicals. They are formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbon chain with a sulfonic or phosphoric acid group, which gives detergents their cleaning properties.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following compositions of cleaners is the best choice if you have hard water?

    • Long hydrocarbon chain with sodium salt

    • Long hydrocarbon chain with posassium salt

    • Long hydrocarbon chain with sulfonic acid group

    • Long-chain fatty acid with sodium hydroxide

    Correct Answer
    A. Long hydrocarbon chain with sulfonic acid group
    Explanation
    The best choice of composition of cleaners for hard water is a long hydrocarbon chain with a sulfonic acid group. Hard water contains high levels of minerals such as calcium and magnesium, which can cause soap scum and reduce the effectiveness of cleaning agents. Sulfonic acid is a strong acid that can effectively remove mineral deposits and break down soap scum. The long hydrocarbon chain provides the cleaning agent with the ability to dissolve oils and dirt, making it an effective choice for cleaning in hard water conditions.

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  • 8. 

    What is a disadvantage of adding phosphates to detergents?

    • Phosphates cause a detergent to produce scum in hard water.

    • Detergents with phosphates cannot clean as thoroughly as those without them do.

    • Phosphates are corrosive.

    • Phosphates can cause overgrowth of algae in waterways.

    Correct Answer
    A. Phosphates can cause overgrowth of algae in waterways.
    Explanation
    Adding phosphates to detergents can cause overgrowth of algae in waterways. This is because phosphates act as a nutrient for algae, promoting their growth. When excessive amounts of algae grow in waterways, it can lead to various environmental issues such as oxygen depletion, harmful algal blooms, and disruption of aquatic ecosystems. This can negatively affect the balance of the ecosystem and harm aquatic life. Therefore, the presence of phosphates in detergents can have a detrimental impact on waterways.

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  • 9. 

    Which two groups does a soap molecule contain?

    • Hydronium and hydroxide

    • Nonpolar nitrogen chain and carboxylic acid

    • Hydroxide and carboxylic acid

    • Nonpolar carbon chain and salt of carboxylic acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Nonpolar carbon chain and salt of carboxylic acid
    Explanation
    A soap molecule is made up of a nonpolar carbon chain and a salt of carboxylic acid. The nonpolar carbon chain is hydrophobic, meaning it repels water, while the carboxylic acid group is hydrophilic, meaning it attracts water. This unique structure allows soap molecules to interact with both water and oil, making them effective at removing dirt and grease from surfaces.

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  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jan 10, 2013
    Quiz Created by
    Haszshe
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