Do You Know Espionage?

Explanation
Joshua and Caleb are known spies from the Bible because they were two of the twelve spies sent by Moses to explore the land of Canaan. They were chosen to gather information about the land and its inhabitants. After forty days, they returned and reported that the land was indeed abundant and fruitful, but the other ten spies gave a negative report, causing the Israelites to doubt and rebel against God. Joshua and Caleb were the only two spies who maintained faith in God's promise and were rewarded by being the only ones from their generation to enter the promised land.

Explanation
The Aztecs called their spies "Pochtecas." The Pochtecas were a special class of merchants in Aztec society who traveled extensively to trade goods and gather information. They were highly skilled in gathering intelligence and were often used as spies by the Aztec rulers. The Pochtecas played a crucial role in the Aztec empire's economic and political affairs, making them an important asset in gathering information for the Aztec rulers.

Explanation
Walsingham is attributed to have established many of the modern espionage methods. He was a prominent figure in Elizabethan England and served as the principal secretary to Queen Elizabeth I. Walsingham played a crucial role in developing a sophisticated intelligence network that used various methods such as code-breaking, surveillance, and informants to gather information and protect the queen from threats. His efforts in espionage were instrumental in safeguarding England's interests and maintaining political stability during a time of intense international intrigue and conflict.

Explanation
The correct answer is "The Great Game." The Great Game refers to the strategic rivalry and conflict between the British Empire and Russian Empire during the 19th century in Central Asia. Both empires sought to expand their influence and control in the region, leading to political maneuvering, espionage, and military engagements. The term "The Great Game" was coined by British intelligence officer Arthur Conolly and popularized by British author Rudyard Kipling. It symbolizes the intense competition and intrigue between the two powers during this period.

Explanation
Rudyard Kipling is the correct answer because he is the author of the famous spy book, Kim. The other three options, Agatha Christie, Arthur Conan Doyle, and Jules Verne, are well-known authors in their own right, but they did not write Kim.

Explanation
The Evidenzbureau was the first permanent military intelligence service established.

Explanation
The Deuxieme Bureau was established in France in 1871.

Explanation
William Melville is considered the first chief of the British Secret Service because he was appointed as the head of the Special Branch in 1883, which later evolved into the Secret Service Bureau. Melville played a crucial role in establishing and organizing the intelligence agency, laying the foundation for future chiefs and the development of British intelligence operations. His appointment and contributions mark him as the first chief of the British Secret Service.

Explanation
The Okhrana was initially formed in 1880.

Explanation
Alfred Dreyfus is the correct answer because he is the central figure in the Dreyfus Affair. The Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal in France during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, involving the wrongful conviction and imprisonment of Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish French army officer. The affair had significant social and political implications, highlighting issues of anti-Semitism, nationalism, and the abuse of power within the French military and government. Therefore, Alfred Dreyfus, as the victim and protagonist of the affair, is the author of this historical event.