CLEP Intro To Psychology

Explanation
Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. It is considered a mental disorder because it affects a person's thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Additionally, bipolar disorder can also have an impact on a person's personality, as the extreme mood swings can lead to changes in how they perceive and interact with the world. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as bipolar disorder can be classified as both a mental disorder and a personality disorder.

Explanation
Psychopathology is another term used to describe abnormal behavior. It refers to the scientific study of psychological disorders and the abnormal patterns of thought, behavior, and emotion associated with them. This field focuses on understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment of various mental disorders, providing insights into the nature of abnormal behavior. Therefore, psychopathology is an appropriate alternative name for abnormal behavior.

Explanation
Psychology is the correct answer because it is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. It involves understanding how individuals think, feel, and behave, as well as investigating the underlying processes that influence human behavior. Psychology encompasses various subfields such as cognitive psychology, social psychology, and clinical psychology, among others. By studying psychology, researchers and practitioners aim to gain insights into human behavior, improve mental health, and contribute to the overall understanding of the human mind.

Explanation
Forensic psychology is the application of psychology with the principles of law. This field involves the study and understanding of human behavior and mental processes as they relate to the legal system. Forensic psychologists often work in legal settings, such as courts or correctional facilities, to provide expertise in areas such as criminal behavior, witness testimony, and mental competency evaluations. They also assist in the development of legal policies and procedures. The integration of psychology and law allows for a better understanding of the human mind and behavior within the context of the legal system.

Explanation
Bipolar patients experience two distinct behaviors, known as manic episodes and depressive episodes. During manic episodes, they may feel extremely energetic, impulsive, and have an elevated mood. On the other hand, during depressive episodes, they may feel sad, hopeless, and have a lack of interest in activities. These two contrasting behaviors are characteristic of bipolar disorder, making the answer "Two behaviors" correct.

Explanation
Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. They are specialized cells that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons receive input from sensory organs or other neurons, process it, and then transmit signals to other neurons or to muscles or glands. The spinal cord and brain are made up of billions of neurons that work together to control and coordinate body functions and behaviors. Axons are long, slender extensions of neurons that transmit signals away from the cell body. Therefore, neurons are the correct answer as they are the fundamental building blocks of the nervous system.

Explanation
Dendrites carry outgoing impulses from the cell body. Dendrites are the branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. They act as the input sites of the neuron, collecting and integrating information from other neurons. Therefore, dendrites play a crucial role in transmitting outgoing impulses from the cell body.

Explanation
Human chromosomes are organized into pairs, with each pair consisting of two homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes but may have different versions of those genes. Humans have a total of 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one chromosome from each pair inherited from each parent. This gives humans a total of 46 chromosomes, with 23 coming from the mother and 23 coming from the father.

Explanation
Mitosis is the correct answer because it is the process by which new cells are formed from a single original cell. During mitosis, the original cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. This process is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body's tissues and organs. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a different type of cell division that occurs in the production of gametes (sperm and eggs) and results in cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. Cell membrane and cell formulation are not processes involved in the formation of new cells.

Explanation
Neurons receive messages. Neurons are specialized cells that are responsible for transmitting and receiving information in the nervous system. They receive messages from other neurons or sensory receptors and then transmit these messages to other neurons or to target cells such as muscles or glands. The cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for its functioning, but it is the entire neuron that receives messages, not just the cell body. Cells and the nervous system as a whole are not specifically involved in receiving messages, but rather neurons are the primary units responsible for this function.