Basic Geography Quiz For 10th Grade!

Explanation
Igneous rock is formed due to the cooling and solidification of magma. Magma is molten rock that is found beneath the Earth's surface. When magma cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rock. This process can occur either beneath the Earth's surface, resulting in intrusive igneous rock, or on the Earth's surface, resulting in extrusive igneous rock. Igneous rocks are characterized by their crystalline structure and can have a variety of compositions depending on the minerals present in the original magma.

Explanation
Granite is an example of plutonic rock because it forms deep within the Earth's crust through slow cooling and solidification of magma. Plutonic rocks are intrusive igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath the surface, allowing large mineral crystals to form. Granite is composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica minerals, and its coarse-grained texture is a result of the slow cooling process. Basalt, obsidian, and protholith are not examples of plutonic rocks as they either form from lava cooling quickly on the Earth's surface (basalt) or are metamorphic rocks (obsidian and protholith).

Explanation
Plutonic rocks are also known as intrusive rocks. These rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface. As the magma cools slowly, it allows for the formation of large mineral crystals within the rock. This process takes place deep within the Earth, hence the name "intrusive." In contrast, extrusive rocks are formed when magma erupts onto the Earth's surface and cools quickly, resulting in smaller mineral crystals. Metamorphic rocks are formed through the transformation of existing rocks due to extreme heat and pressure, while sedimentary rocks are formed through the accumulation and cementation of sediments.

Explanation
Basalt is the most abundant rock on Earth. It is formed from solidified lava and is found in large quantities in oceanic crust and volcanic areas. Basalt is also commonly found in continental areas and makes up a significant portion of the Earth's crust. Its abundance can be attributed to the continuous volcanic activity and the recycling of oceanic crust through plate tectonics. Other rocks listed in the options, such as diorites, granodiorites, and dunites, are less abundant compared to basalt.

Explanation
Mount Everest is the correct answer because it is widely recognized as the highest mountain in the world. Located in the Himalayas, it stands at a staggering height of 8,848 meters (29,029 feet) above sea level. Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Sinai, and Mount Blanc are all significant mountains in their own right, but they do not surpass the height of Mount Everest.

Explanation
Erosive mountain is not a basic type of mountain because it does not form through the process of uplift or tectonic activity. Instead, erosive mountains are created through the erosion of existing landforms, such as plateaus or plains, by natural forces like water, wind, or ice. This erosion gradually shapes the land into mountain-like features, but they are not formed by the same geological processes as fold mountains, volcanoes, or block mountains.

Explanation
Mount Fuji is located in Japan. It is the highest mountain in Japan and is an iconic symbol of the country. Mount Fuji is a popular tourist attraction and is known for its symmetrical cone shape. It is also an active volcano and is considered a sacred site in Japanese culture.

Explanation
Mount Pinatubo is located in the Philippines. This active stratovolcano is situated on the island of Luzon. It is known for its devastating eruption in 1991, which was one of the largest volcanic eruptions of the 20th century. The eruption had a significant impact on the surrounding area, causing widespread destruction and resulting in the formation of a new crater lake.

Explanation
The Jura Mountains is an example of a fold mountain. Fold mountains are formed when two tectonic plates collide, causing the rocks to buckle and fold. The Jura Mountains, located in Western Europe, were formed as a result of the collision between the African and Eurasian plates. This collision caused the sedimentary rocks to fold and uplift, creating the Jura Mountains.