3d052 CDC Vol 2

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1. Which selection is a set of markup symbols or codes inserted in a file intended for display on a Web browser page?

Explanation

HTML is the correct answer because it is a set of markup symbols or codes that are inserted in a file to define the structure and layout of a webpage. These markup symbols are interpreted by a web browser to display the content in a formatted manner. HTML is the standard markup language used for creating webpages on the internet. SGML, XML, and DHTML are not specifically designed for display on web browsers, making them incorrect choices.

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About This Quiz
Electronics Quizzes & Trivia

This quiz, titled '3D052 CDC Vol 2', assesses knowledge on computer hardware components such as CMOS, RAM, ROM, and BIOS. It evaluates understanding of main storage, nonvolatile memory, firmware, and the function of interrupts in computer systems. Essential for learners in technical training and electronics.

2. Which type of interface is friendlier for the average user to use?

Explanation

A graphical user interface (GUI) is friendlier for the average user to use compared to other types of interfaces. GUI allows users to interact with the system through visual elements such as icons, buttons, and menus, making it more intuitive and user-friendly. It provides a visual representation of tasks and options, eliminating the need for users to memorize complex commands or navigate through text-based interfaces. GUIs also often include features like drag-and-drop functionality and visual feedback, enhancing the user experience and making it easier for the average user to navigate and perform tasks.

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3. Sitting at a computer and loading a software patch onto it is an example of what type of software patch?

Explanation

Loading a software patch onto a computer requires the user to be physically present and actively involved in the process. This type of software patch is known as an "attended" patch because it requires the user's attention and manual intervention. Unlike automatic or unattended patches that can be installed without user interaction, an attended patch relies on the user to initiate and oversee the installation process. Additionally, the patch is being loaded directly onto the computer itself, rather than being installed remotely on a different device.

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4. What is a form of firmware that contains the computer's startup instructions?

Explanation

The correct answer is Basic input/output system (BIOS). BIOS is a form of firmware that contains the computer's startup instructions. It is responsible for initializing hardware components, performing a power-on self-test (POST), and loading the operating system into the computer's memory. BIOS is stored in non-volatile memory, typically in a chip on the motherboard, and is the first software that runs when a computer is powered on. It provides the necessary instructions for the computer to start up and communicate with the hardware devices.

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5. Which program can be used to automatically launch programs on a preset schedule?

Explanation

Task scheduler is a program that can be used to automatically launch programs on a preset schedule. It allows users to schedule tasks such as running programs, scripts, or commands at specific times or events. This feature is commonly used for automating routine tasks, system maintenance, and managing software updates. Disk quotas, disk defragmenter, and check disk are unrelated to the ability to automatically launch programs on a schedule.

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6. Which UNIX command changes the ownership of one or more files to a new owner?

Explanation

The correct answer is chown. The chown command in UNIX is used to change the ownership of one or more files to a new owner. This command is helpful when there is a need to transfer the ownership of files to a different user or group. By using chown, the system administrator can easily modify the ownership permissions, granting or revoking access to specific files or directories.

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7. Which controller component interprets an electronic signal, prioritizes it, and requests the attention of the central processing unit (CPU)?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Priority interrupt." In a computer system, a priority interrupt is a signal that interrupts the normal execution of a program and requests the attention of the CPU. It is responsible for interpreting the electronic signal, determining its priority, and notifying the CPU to handle the interrupt. This allows for the efficient handling of time-sensitive tasks and ensures that critical operations are given priority over regular program execution.

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8. What is a group of users, servers, and other resources that share a centralized database of account and security information?

Explanation

A domain is a group of users, servers, and other resources that share a centralized database of account and security information. In a domain, all user accounts, computer accounts, and security policies are managed centrally by a domain controller. This allows for easier administration and provides a single point of authentication and authorization for all resources within the domain.

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9. What component of windows unifies and simplifies day to day system management tasks?

Explanation

The Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a component of Windows that unifies and simplifies day-to-day system management tasks. It provides a centralized platform for managing various aspects of the system, such as configuring settings, monitoring performance, and troubleshooting issues. With MMC, administrators can easily access and control different management tools and snap-ins, making system management more efficient and streamlined. It offers a user-friendly interface and allows customization to meet specific management requirements. Overall, MMC plays a crucial role in simplifying system management tasks in Windows.

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10. Which UNIX command deletes files from within a directory?

Explanation

The UNIX command "rm" is used to delete files from within a directory. It stands for "remove" and is commonly used to delete files or directories permanently. By using this command, you can remove individual files or multiple files at once. It is a powerful command that requires caution as deleted files cannot be easily recovered.

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11. What is considered as nonvolatile permanent memory?

Explanation

ROM is considered as nonvolatile permanent memory because it retains its data even when the power is turned off. It is a type of memory that is pre-programmed during manufacturing and cannot be modified or erased by normal computer operations. ROM is used to store important system instructions and data that need to be permanently stored, such as the computer's firmware or the operating system. This makes ROM an essential component in the functioning of a computer system.

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12. What is defined as an asynchronous signal from a computer hardware device indicating the need for attention from a central processing unit (CPU) or a synchronous event?

Explanation

An interrupt is defined as an asynchronous signal from a computer hardware device indicating the need for attention from a central processing unit (CPU) or a synchronous event. When an interrupt occurs, it temporarily suspends the normal execution of the CPU and transfers the control to a specific interrupt handler routine. This allows the CPU to prioritize and respond to the device that triggered the interrupt, ensuring efficient and timely processing of tasks.

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13. Which error-checking tool allows you to monitor the file system for errors?

Explanation

Check disk is an error-checking tool that allows you to monitor the file system for errors. It scans the file system for any issues such as bad sectors, lost clusters, and cross-linked files. Check disk can also fix these errors and recover any lost data. It is a useful tool for maintaining the health and integrity of the file system, ensuring that the computer runs smoothly without any file system-related issues.

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14. According to Air Force dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) policies, how long is the lease that a noncritical workstation will have applied to them?

Explanation

According to Air Force dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) policies, a noncritical workstation will have a lease of 30 days applied to them. This means that the workstation will be assigned an IP address for a period of 30 days before it needs to renew the lease.

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15. What type of service allows network administrators to install upgrades on any number of client computers at one time from a centralized location?

Explanation

Remote Installation Services (RIS) is a type of service that enables network administrators to install upgrades simultaneously on multiple client computers from a centralized location. This eliminates the need to individually upgrade each client computer, saving time and effort. RIS allows for efficient and streamlined management of software installations across the network.

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16. What is considered as a technique or method of checking data integrity?

Explanation

Parity is considered as a technique or method of checking data integrity. It involves adding an additional bit to a set of binary data to ensure that the total number of ones in the data is either even or odd. By comparing the parity bit with the received data, errors in transmission can be detected. If the number of ones does not match the expected parity, it indicates that an error has occurred during transmission. Therefore, parity is used as a simple and effective method to check the integrity of data.

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17. Which is a very simple example of an error detecting code?

Explanation

A parity bit is a simple error detecting code that is commonly used in computer systems. It is a single bit that is added to a binary code to make the total number of 1s either even or odd. By checking the parity bit, errors in the transmission or storage of the binary code can be detected. If the number of 1s does not match the expected parity, it indicates that an error has occurred. Therefore, the parity bit is a very simple example of an error detecting code.

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18. Which type of patch would utilize a remote installation services (RIS)?

Explanation

Unattended patches would utilize a remote installation services (RIS) because they can be installed on multiple computers simultaneously without any user interaction. RIS allows for automated and remote deployment of software patches, making it an efficient method for installing unattended patches across a network.

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19. Which original components were very susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge?

Explanation

The correct answer is Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS). CMOS components are very susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge. Electrostatic discharge occurs when there is a sudden flow of electricity between two objects with different electric potentials. CMOS components are particularly vulnerable to this because they operate at low voltage levels and can be easily damaged by even small amounts of static electricity. Therefore, it is important to take precautions, such as wearing an anti-static wrist strap, when handling CMOS components to prevent any damage from electrostatic discharge.

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20. Which is a term used to describe that data is whole or complete?

Explanation

Data integrity is a term used to describe that data is whole or complete. It refers to the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data throughout its entire lifecycle. Data integrity ensures that data remains unchanged and is not corrupted or compromised in any way. It involves measures to prevent data loss, unauthorized access, and data corruption. Data integrity is essential for maintaining the quality and trustworthiness of data in various systems and databases.

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21. Which storage device has the means of providing data storage reliability using multiple hard drives?

Explanation

RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks and it is a storage technology that uses multiple hard drives to provide data storage reliability. In a RAID system, data is distributed across multiple drives, which allows for redundancy and fault tolerance. If one drive fails, the data can still be accessed from the remaining drives. This makes RAID an effective solution for ensuring data availability and preventing data loss.

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22. Which numbering system characteristic is the leftmost non-zero digit of a numeric value?

Explanation

The leftmost non-zero digit of a numeric value represents the highest place value in the number. It is the most significant digit because it contributes the most to the overall value of the number. For example, in the number 1234, the leftmost non-zero digit is 1, which represents the thousands place. This digit has the highest place value and therefore is the most significant digit in the number.

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23. Which type of backup will backup all files that have been altered in the last 24 hours?

Explanation

A daily backup is a type of backup that will backup all files that have been altered in the last 24 hours. This means that it will only backup the files that have been modified or created within the past day, ensuring that all recent changes are included in the backup. This type of backup is useful for quickly recovering recent changes or for ensuring that important data is regularly backed up.

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24. Which type of group manages user's rights assignments and access permissions?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Security". Security groups are used to manage user's rights assignments and access permissions. These groups are created to provide access to resources such as files, folders, and printers. By assigning users to security groups, administrators can easily manage and control the permissions and access levels for different resources within an organization.

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25. Which type of lists uses pointers to connect each element together?

Explanation

Linked lists use pointers to connect each element together. In a linked list, each element contains a reference to the next element in the list, forming a chain-like structure. This allows for efficient insertion and deletion of elements at any position in the list. Unlike sequential lists, linked lists do not require contiguous memory allocation, making them more flexible in terms of memory management. Therefore, linked is the correct answer.

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26. UNIX disks are divided into logical sections called

Explanation

UNIX disks are divided into logical sections called partitions. A partition is a separate section of the disk that can be used to store data or install an operating system. Each partition is treated as a separate entity, allowing for different file systems and configurations to be used. This division helps in organizing and managing the disk space efficiently.

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27. Which UNIX command sets access and modification times for each file to the current time?

Explanation

The UNIX command "touch" is used to set access and modification times for each file to the current time. It can be used to update the timestamp of a file or create a new file with the current timestamp. This command is often used in scripting or automation tasks to manipulate file timestamps.

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28. How many primary groups can a user be a member of?

Explanation

A user can only be a member of one primary group. Primary groups are used to assign permissions and access rights to users, and each user can only have one primary group. This ensures that there is a clear hierarchy and structure in assigning permissions and managing user access within a system or network.

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29. What is considered to be a computer's main storage?

Explanation

Random access memory (RAM) is considered to be a computer's main storage. This is because RAM is a volatile memory that allows the computer to store and access data quickly. It is used to temporarily store data and instructions that the computer's processor needs to access frequently. Unlike other types of memory like ROM, BIOS, and CMOS, RAM can be read from and written to, making it ideal for storing and retrieving data during the computer's operation. Therefore, RAM is essential for the computer's main storage and plays a crucial role in its overall performance.

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30. The hard drives in a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) array are presented to the server as

Explanation

The correct answer is "One single hard drive" because in a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) array, the multiple hard drives are combined and presented to the server as a single logical drive. The RAID controller manages the data distribution and redundancy across the multiple physical drives, making them appear as a single drive to the server. This configuration provides increased performance, fault tolerance, and data redundancy.

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31. Normally, when you create a file with a text editor, the file is set up with

Explanation

When you create a file with a text editor, it is typically set up with read and write permission for you, allowing you to both view and modify the file. However, it is set to read-only permission for others, meaning they can only view the file but cannot make any changes to it. This ensures that only the creator of the file has the ability to modify its contents, while others can only access it for reading purposes.

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32. What is the connection type of choice for storage area networks (SAN)?

Explanation

Fibre channel is the connection type of choice for storage area networks (SAN). Fibre channel is a high-speed networking technology that allows for the transfer of large amounts of data between servers and storage devices. It provides a dedicated and reliable connection, making it ideal for SAN environments where data integrity and performance are crucial. Fibre channel supports high bandwidth and low latency, making it suitable for demanding applications and large-scale storage deployments. It also offers features such as zoning and multipathing, which enhance the security and reliability of SANs.

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33. Which storage device can be easily connected to a network and appears as a network drive?

Explanation

A Network Attached Storage (NAS) device can be easily connected to a network and appears as a network drive. NAS devices are dedicated file storage devices that provide centralized data storage and file sharing for multiple users and devices on a network. They are designed to be easily accessible and can be accessed by multiple users simultaneously. Unlike other storage devices like SAN or RAID, NAS devices are specifically designed for file sharing and network access.

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34. Which Web application is most likely to succeed Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)?

Explanation

XHTML is the most likely web application to succeed HTML because it is a stricter and more standardized version of HTML. XHTML combines the syntax of HTML with the extensibility of XML, allowing for more flexibility in creating web pages. It is also compatible with existing HTML browsers, making it easier for developers to transition from HTML to XHTML. Additionally, XHTML promotes cleaner and more structured coding practices, which can lead to improved accessibility, search engine optimization, and overall website performance.

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35. Which of the following is not one of the elements that most graphical user interfaces are composed of?

Explanation

Most graphical user interfaces are composed of windows, icons, and menus. Programs, on the other hand, are not considered as one of the elements that make up a graphical user interface. Programs are the applications or software that run on the interface, allowing users to perform specific tasks or functions. While programs may be accessed and interacted with through the graphical user interface, they are not themselves a fundamental component of the interface's structure.

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36. What is the most common type of operation in sequential query language (SQL)

Explanation

In SQL, the most common type of operation is a query. A query is used to retrieve data from a database by specifying certain conditions and criteria. It allows users to ask questions and fetch specific information from the database. Queries can be simple or complex, involving multiple tables and conditions. They are essential for data analysis, reporting, and decision-making processes in SQL databases.

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37. Which UNIX command allows you to move to different directories within a file system using absolute or relative pathnames?

Explanation

The correct answer is "cd" because the "cd" command in UNIX allows you to change your current working directory to a different directory within the file system. This can be done using either absolute pathnames (specifying the full path from the root directory) or relative pathnames (specifying the path relative to the current directory). The "cd" command is essential for navigating and accessing different directories in UNIX.

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38. Which UNIX command takes any characters from standard input and then echoes them to standard output?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Cat". The "cat" command in UNIX is used to concatenate and display the contents of files. However, it can also be used to take any characters from standard input and echo them to standard output. This makes it a versatile command for manipulating and displaying text in UNIX.

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39. What should each organization have that spells out which systems are prioritized in what order for the basis of protecting those systems from disasters?

Explanation

Each organization should have a list of critical devices that spells out which systems are prioritized in what order for the basis of protecting those systems from disasters. This list helps identify the most important devices or systems that need to be protected first in case of a disaster. By having a clear understanding of the critical devices, organizations can allocate resources and develop strategies to ensure the continuity of these systems during and after a disaster.

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40. Which type of backup would you use at the end of the week to save all data that you select on your systems?

Explanation

A normal backup is a type of backup that saves all selected data at the end of the week. It creates a complete copy of the selected data, regardless of whether it has been previously backed up or not. This type of backup ensures that all data is preserved and can be easily restored in case of data loss or system failure.

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41. What is the minimum number of scopes a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server can have?

Explanation

A DHCP server can have a minimum of one scope. A scope is a range of IP addresses that the DHCP server can assign to clients on a network. By having at least one scope, the DHCP server can assign IP addresses to devices that connect to the network, allowing them to communicate and access network resources. Therefore, having a minimum of one scope is essential for the DHCP server to function properly.

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42. Which UNIX capability can execute numerous programs at the same time?

Explanation

Multitasking is the correct answer because it refers to the capability of an operating system to execute multiple tasks or programs simultaneously. It allows for efficient use of system resources and enables users to run multiple programs at the same time, switching between them seamlessly. This capability is essential in UNIX systems, as it enhances productivity and enables efficient utilization of the system's processing power.

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43. Which UNIX operating system components interacts directly with the system hardware?

Explanation

The kernel is the component of the UNIX operating system that interacts directly with the system hardware. It is responsible for managing resources, such as memory and CPU, and provides an interface for other software components to access these resources. The kernel also handles device drivers, which allow the operating system to communicate with hardware devices. Therefore, the kernel plays a crucial role in facilitating the interaction between the operating system and the system hardware.

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44. Which is not a characteristic of high-order languages?

Explanation

The characteristic of high-order languages is that they are not written closest to machine language. High-order languages are designed to be more user-friendly and abstract away the complexities of machine language. They use English-like statements and are nearly self-documenting, making them easier to read and understand. Additionally, programs written in high-order languages are portable between different computers with minimal changes, further highlighting their user-friendly nature.

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45. What best describes programming machine code?

Explanation

Programming machine code refers to the set of instructions that are written in a form that the computer can understand and execute. These instructions are in a low-level language that directly communicates with the computer's hardware. It is different from source code, which needs to be compiled before it can be executed. Machine code is the most basic level of programming and is often used to control the behavior of computer hardware.

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46. Which protocol is commonly used for managing the security of a message transmission on the internet?

Explanation

The correct answer is Secure Socket Layer (SSL). SSL is commonly used for managing the security of a message transmission on the internet. It provides encryption and authentication to ensure that the data being transmitted between a client and a server is secure and cannot be intercepted or tampered with by unauthorized parties. SSL establishes a secure connection between the client and the server, encrypting the data that is being transmitted, and verifying the identity of the server to ensure that it is trusted. SSL has been widely adopted and is used for secure communication in various applications, including websites, email, and online banking.

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47. What kind of server contains the master listing of all active directory objects in the forest?

Explanation

The global catalog is a type of server that contains the master listing of all active directory objects in the forest. It stores a partial replica of all objects in the forest, making it easier and faster to search for and locate objects across different domains. This allows users to access resources and services in the network efficiently. The global catalog is essential for functions such as authentication, user and group membership lookups, and directory searches in a multi-domain environment.

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48. What defines the rules by which operations can be performed on a particular resource?

Explanation

Permissions define the rules by which operations can be performed on a particular resource. They determine what actions a user or group can take on a resource, such as read, write, execute, or delete. Permissions are typically set by the system administrator or owner of the resource and help to ensure that only authorized individuals can access or modify it. Access control lists and rights are related concepts that can also play a role in defining these rules, but the most direct and specific term for this is permissions. Hardware configuration, on the other hand, refers to the physical setup and settings of computer hardware and is not directly related to defining rules for resource operations.

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49. When a new folder or file is created on a new technology file system (NTFS) partition, what permissions are automatically assigned?

Explanation

When a new folder or file is created on a new technology file system (NTFS) partition, the permissions that are automatically assigned are the inherited permissions of the folders it is contained in. This means that the new folder or file will inherit the same permissions as the parent folder, allowing or restricting access to the same users or groups. This helps to maintain consistency and ensure that the appropriate level of access is granted to the new folder or file based on the permissions set at the parent level.

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50. Which sequential query language (SQL) server feature tracks changes and is used to ensure data integrity?

Explanation

Logging is a sequential query language (SQL) server feature that tracks changes to ensure data integrity. It keeps a record of all modifications made to the database, including inserts, updates, and deletes. This log file can be used for recovery purposes in case of system failures or data corruption. By tracking changes, logging helps maintain data consistency and allows for auditing and troubleshooting.

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51. Which UNIX shell is the most compact and is often used for writing shell scripts?

Explanation

The Bourne shell is the most compact UNIX shell and is commonly used for writing shell scripts. It was the original Unix shell and is known for its simplicity and efficiency. It provides basic functionality and is compatible with most Unix systems, making it a popular choice for scripting tasks.

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52. Which UNIX command displays the current working directory?

Explanation

The correct answer is "pwd". The "pwd" command in UNIX displays the current working directory. It stands for "print working directory" and is used to show the full pathname of the current directory. This command is useful when navigating through the file system and needing to know the exact location of the current directory.

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53. Which interrupt request (IRQ) line number is normally used for the floppy disk controller?

Explanation

The floppy disk controller typically uses IRQ line number 6. IRQ stands for Interrupt Request, and it is a mechanism used by devices to request the attention of the CPU. Each device is assigned a specific IRQ line number, and in the case of the floppy disk controller, it is usually assigned to IRQ 6. This allows the controller to interrupt the CPU when it needs to transfer data to or from the floppy disk.

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54. Which technology is often used in redundant array of independent disks (RAID) array that can be daisy chained?

Explanation

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) is often used in redundant array of independent disks (RAID) arrays that can be daisy chained. SCSI is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices. It allows multiple devices to be connected in a chain, where each device can communicate with the host computer independently. This makes it suitable for RAID arrays, where multiple disk drives need to work together to provide redundancy and improved performance.

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55. What is based around a central directory database containing information about all the domain controllers in the network?

Explanation

Active Directory is based around a central directory database that contains information about all the domain controllers in the network. This database stores information about users, computers, and other network resources, allowing for centralized management and authentication. Active Directory provides a hierarchical structure for organizing and managing network resources, making it easier to control access and enforce security policies across the network. It also enables features such as single sign-on and group policy management.

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56. What is a set of rules that can be set to affect active directory leaf objects to control what can be done by a user?

Explanation

Group policy objects are a set of rules that can be set to affect active directory leaf objects and control what can be done by a user. Group policy objects allow administrators to manage and enforce various settings and restrictions for users and computers within a network. These policies can include security settings, software installation, desktop configurations, and more. By applying group policy objects, administrators can ensure consistent and secure behavior across the network.

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57. What permission always overrides all other permissions assigned to a user or group to which the user belongs?

Explanation

No access permission always overrides all other permissions assigned to a user or group to which the user belongs. This means that even if the user has been granted other permissions such as Full control, Change, or Write, the No access permission will take precedence and restrict the user's access to the resource.

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58. Which is the most commonly used sequential query language (SQL) data statement?

Explanation

The most commonly used sequential query language (SQL) data statement is "Select". This statement is used to retrieve data from a database based on specified conditions. It allows users to query and retrieve specific information from tables, views, or other database objects. The "Select" statement is essential for data analysis and reporting purposes as it enables users to extract the required data from a database efficiently.

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59. The /dev/dsk and /dev/rdsk directories are sub-directories of which directory ?

Explanation

The /dev/dsk and /dev/rdsk directories are sub-directories of the root directory. The root directory is the top-level directory in a file system hierarchy and is denoted by a forward slash (/). The /dev directory contains device files that represent hardware devices connected to the system, and the /dev/dsk and /dev/rdsk directories specifically contain device files for disk devices. Therefore, the correct answer is Root.

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60. Which UNIX vi character represents the end of the file?

Explanation

The character "$" represents the end of the file in the UNIX vi editor. This character is used to navigate to the last line of the file or to append text at the end of the file. It is a commonly used command in vi for efficient navigation and editing of files.

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61. What is an advantage of using a storage area network (SAN) architecture?

Explanation

An advantage of using a storage area network (SAN) architecture is the ease of replacing a server. In a SAN, the storage devices are separate from the servers, allowing for easier replacement or upgrade of servers without affecting the storage infrastructure. This flexibility enables organizations to quickly replace or upgrade servers without disrupting the storage system, resulting in minimal downtime and improved system availability.

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62. A standard Web application used to pass a Web user's request to a server's application program and to exchange data back to the user is called a

Explanation

A standard Web application used to pass a Web user's request to a server's application program and to exchange data back to the user is called a Common Gateway Interface (CGI). CGI is a protocol that allows the server to interact with other software and programs to generate dynamic web content. It enables the server to receive user input from a web form, process the data, and send the appropriate response back to the user. The other options mentioned in the question, such as Transport Layer Security (TLS), Data Encryption Standard (DES), and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), are not directly related to the functionality described.

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63. The group of IP addresses that a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server manages is known as a

Explanation

A DHCP server manages a group of IP addresses called a "scope." This scope defines the range of IP addresses that the DHCP server can assign to client devices on a network. It includes the starting and ending IP addresses within the range. The DHCP server dynamically assigns IP addresses from this scope to client devices as they connect to the network, ensuring that each device has a unique IP address. Therefore, the correct answer is "Scope."

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64. Which exchange service is the first service launched when Microsoft Exchange starts and the last to stop when it is shut down?

Explanation

The System Attendant service is the first service launched when Microsoft Exchange starts and the last to stop when it is shut down. The System Attendant is responsible for managing various Exchange components, such as the mailbox store, public folder store, and address book. It performs tasks like generating offline address books, managing the recipient update service, and monitoring the overall health of the Exchange server. Since it is involved in the initialization and shutdown processes of Exchange, it is the first service to start and the last to stop.

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65. What do you type to quit a UNIX shell?

Explanation

To quit a UNIX shell, you would type "exit". This command is used to terminate the current shell session and return to the parent shell or close the terminal window. It is a commonly used command to gracefully exit the shell and end any ongoing processes or tasks.

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66. Which UNIX mechanism provides for communication with system device drivers through the file system one character at a time?

Explanation

Character devices in UNIX provide a mechanism for communication with system device drivers through the file system one character at a time. Character devices represent devices that can be accessed as a stream of characters, such as keyboards, mice, or terminals. They allow applications to read and write data to and from these devices using standard file operations like read() and write(). Named pipes, block devices, and sockets are not specifically designed for communication with system device drivers in this manner.

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67. What is the basic unit for storing and manipulating a collection of logically related information known as data?

Explanation

Files are the basic unit for storing and manipulating a collection of logically related information known as data. A file is a named collection of related data that exists on a storage device, such as a hard disk or flash drive. It can contain text, images, videos, or any other type of data. Files are organized into directories or folders, which help in managing and categorizing them. By manipulating files, users can create, edit, delete, and access data, making them an essential component of any computer system.

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68. What is the most common UNIX windows system?

Explanation

X Windows is the most common UNIX window system. X Windows, also known as X11 or X, is a graphical windowing system that provides a framework for managing and displaying graphical user interfaces in UNIX-like operating systems. It allows users to run applications remotely and display them on their local machines. X Windows has been widely adopted and is the de facto standard for UNIX window systems, making it the correct answer in this case.

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69. A feature of networking that enables individuals to designate resources they want other users to be able to access through the network is called

Explanation

The term "Sharing" refers to the act of allowing other users to access resources through a network. This feature enables individuals to designate specific resources that they want others to be able to access. By sharing resources, users can collaborate, exchange information, and work together more efficiently within a networked environment.

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70. Which UNIX component provides a logical way to organize, store, retrieve, manipulate, and manage data?

Explanation

The file system in UNIX provides a logical way to organize, store, retrieve, manipulate, and manage data. It is responsible for managing the structure and organization of files and directories, allowing users to access and manipulate data stored on the system. The file system ensures that data is stored efficiently and can be easily retrieved when needed. It also handles permissions, file attributes, and file metadata. Overall, the file system plays a crucial role in managing data in UNIX systems.

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71. The simplest place to put all your function definitions is in your

Explanation

The correct answer is "Profile" because it is the most appropriate place to store all the function definitions. By putting them in the profile, they can be easily accessed and used throughout the program. This allows for better organization and efficiency in coding, as all the functions are in one centralized location.

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72. Which UNIX command from the menu bar moves a window to the bottom of the stack of windows?

Explanation

The "Lower" command from the UNIX menu bar moves a window to the bottom of the stack of windows. This means that when multiple windows are open, the "Lower" command will send the selected window to the background, placing it behind all other open windows. This allows the user to easily organize and prioritize their workspace by rearranging the order of the windows.

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73. Which UNIX default command starts the X windows system?

Explanation

The correct answer is xinit. Xinit is a UNIX default command that starts the X windows system. This command initializes the X server and launches the default window manager for the user. It is commonly used to start graphical user interfaces in UNIX-based systems.

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74. Which components of domain name service (DNS) contain a database of associated names and IP addresses?

Explanation

Name servers in the Domain Name Service (DNS) contain a database of associated names and IP addresses. They are responsible for storing and managing the information that maps domain names to their corresponding IP addresses. When a user requests a website by its domain name, the name servers are queried to find the IP address associated with that domain name, allowing the user's computer to connect to the correct server.

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75. Which software program manages an IP address allocation for a network?

Explanation

DHCP is a network protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. It manages the allocation of IP addresses to ensure that each device on the network has a unique address. This allows for efficient use of IP addresses and simplifies network administration. DHCP also provides other configuration information, such as subnet mask and default gateway, to the devices on the network. Therefore, DHCP is the software program that manages IP address allocation for a network.

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76. Which is not a component of Internet information services (IIS)?

Explanation

Simple network manager protocol (SNMP) is not a component of Internet information services (IIS). IIS is a web server software package developed by Microsoft and it includes components such as FTP server, Internet services manager, and Simple mail transport protocol (SMTP) for managing email. However, SNMP is a protocol used for network management and is not directly related to the functionality of IIS.

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77. Which UNIX ability can run on different types of hardware with few relatively minor changes?

Explanation

Portability refers to the ability of a program or system to run on different types of hardware with minimal modifications. It allows the software to be easily transferred or adapted to different environments or platforms. In the context of UNIX, portability ensures that UNIX-based programs can be run on various hardware architectures without significant changes. This feature is crucial for developers and users as it saves time and effort in adapting software to different systems, making UNIX a highly versatile and widely adopted operating system.

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78. To change permissions on a shell script, you use the UNIX command

Explanation

The correct answer is Chmod. Chmod is the UNIX command used to change permissions on a shell script. It allows the user to modify the read, write, and execute permissions for the owner, group, and others. By using Chmod, the user can control who can access and modify the shell script.

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79. Which UNIX command looks at an individual file and finds a specified pattern (string)?

Explanation

The UNIX command "grep" is used to search for a specified pattern or string in an individual file. It scans the file and returns any lines that contain the specified pattern, making it a useful tool for searching and filtering text. The other options, "find", "crypt", and "group", do not perform this specific function of searching for a pattern in a file.

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80. Which UNIX command does the system administrator need to use to create the manual database prior to users being able to access the man -k command?

Explanation

The system administrator needs to use the "catman" command to create the manual database before users can access the "man -k" command. The "catman" command is used to create and update the pre-formatted versions of the manual pages on a UNIX system. These pre-formatted pages are stored in the manual database, which allows users to quickly access the information using the "man" command.

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81. What is a way of utilizing a group of storage devices as if they were physically connected to a server when they are not?

Explanation

A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a way of utilizing a group of storage devices as if they were physically connected to a server when they are not. SANs provide high-speed, block-level access to storage devices over a network, allowing multiple servers to access the storage resources simultaneously. This centralized storage architecture improves performance, scalability, and availability of data. Unlike Network Attached Storage (NAS), which provides file-level access, SANs offer lower latency and higher throughput, making them ideal for applications that require fast and direct access to storage, such as databases and virtualization.

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82. Which UNIX mechanism enables programs to communicate with one another through the file system?

Explanation

Named pipes, also known as FIFOs (first in, first out), are a type of UNIX mechanism that allows programs to communicate with each other through the file system. They provide a way for processes to exchange data by reading from and writing to a file-like interface. Named pipes are created using the mkfifo command and can be accessed by multiple processes simultaneously. They are commonly used for inter-process communication (IPC) in UNIX systems, enabling efficient and synchronized data transfer between programs.

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83. Which UNIX vi mode allows users to execute set commands?

Explanation

In the UNIX vi editor, the "Command" mode allows users to execute set commands. In this mode, users can enter various commands to perform actions such as saving the file, searching for text, replacing text, and many others. It is the mode where users can interact with the editor and give instructions to manipulate the text or navigate through the file.

Submit
84. What action puts unneeded windows out of the way without quitting the program inside them?

Explanation

Iconifying refers to the action of minimizing windows or applications to the taskbar or desktop icons. This action puts unneeded windows out of the way without closing or quitting the program inside them. By iconifying a window, it reduces clutter on the screen and allows the user to easily access and restore the window when needed. This is a common feature in most operating systems and desktop environments.

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85. What type of sequential query language (SQL) statement would you use to make the changes you were working on permanent?

Explanation

To make the changes permanent in a sequential query language (SQL), you would use a transaction statement. A transaction allows you to group multiple SQL statements together and ensures that either all the statements are executed successfully or none of them are. This ensures data integrity and consistency by providing a way to rollback the changes if any error occurs during the execution of the transaction. Therefore, using a transaction statement is the correct way to make the changes permanent in SQL.

Submit
86. What does the 0 following the c in the device name c0t6d0s7 represent?

Explanation

The 0 following the c in the device name c0t6d0s7 represents the controller. In this naming convention, the letter c indicates the controller, and the number following it represents the specific controller number. So, in this case, the 0 indicates that it is the first controller.

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87. What does the 7 in the device name c0t6d0s7 represent?

Explanation

The 7 in the device name c0t6d0s7 represents the partition. In UNIX-like operating systems, the device naming scheme follows a specific format. The "c" refers to the controller, "t" refers to the target or device number, "d" refers to the drive number, and "s" refers to the slice or partition number. Therefore, in this case, the 7 indicates that it is referring to the 7th partition on the device.

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88. Hard links are created using which UNIX command?

Explanation

Hard links are created using the "ln" command in UNIX. The "ln" command is used to create links between files. Hard links are essentially multiple names for the same file, and they share the same inode and data. This means that changes made to the file through one hard link will be reflected in all other hard links as well.

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89. Where does a copy of the active directory database reside?

Explanation

The active directory database resides in domain controllers. Domain controllers are servers that contain a copy of the active directory database, which stores information about the network's resources, such as user accounts, group policies, and security settings. The domain controllers are responsible for authenticating users, managing access to network resources, and replicating the active directory database to ensure its availability and consistency across the network.

Submit
90. While using UNIX vi to edit a file, what would you enter to save the buffer contents and stay in same file?

Explanation

To save the buffer contents and stay in the same file while using UNIX vi, you would enter "w" followed by pressing the Enter key. This command allows you to save any changes made to the file without exiting the vi editor.

Submit
91. The first step in quitting an xterm session is to

Explanation

The correct answer is to quit all non-controlling programs. This means that before closing the xterm session, any programs that are running within it but are not directly controlled by the user should be closed. This ensures that all processes are properly terminated before ending the session.

Submit
92. Which query is made by one name server to another name server?

Explanation

A non-recursive query is made by one name server to another name server. In a non-recursive query, the requesting name server asks the other name server for the best answer it can provide without further querying other name servers. This means that if the queried name server does not have the requested information, it will simply return a referral to the requesting name server, rather than attempting to find the answer itself.

Submit
93. The key to shutting down an xterm window is to know which of your programs is the

Explanation

The correct answer is "Controlling program". In order to shut down an xterm window, you need to identify the program that is controlling it. This program has the authority to close or exit the xterm window. The other options mentioned, such as the exiting program, executing program, and hard link file, do not have the necessary control or authority to shut down the xterm window.

Submit
94. How many characters do most UNIX system administrators and users tend to use for file names?

Explanation

Most UNIX system administrators and users tend to use 14 characters for file names. This is because UNIX systems have a maximum file name length of 255 characters, but 14 characters is a commonly accepted limit to ensure compatibility and readability across different systems and applications. Using shorter file names also helps to avoid potential issues with file systems that have limitations on maximum file name lengths.

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95. In Exchange System Manager, which container holds configuration objects such as Queues, Mailbox stores and Public Folder stores and protocols information?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Servers." In Exchange System Manager, the "Servers" container holds configuration objects such as Queues, Mailbox stores, Public Folder stores, and protocols information. This container allows administrators to manage and configure various server-related settings and components within the Exchange environment.

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96. The act of choosing the window you type is called setting the

Explanation

The act of choosing the window you type is called "input focus". This refers to the window that currently receives keyboard input. When you click on a window or use a keyboard shortcut to switch between windows, you are setting the input focus to that particular window. This allows you to type or enter commands directly into that window, while the other windows remain inactive in terms of receiving keyboard input.

Submit
97. Which special identity can represent users currently logged on to a particular computer and accessing a given resource located on that computer?

Explanation

The special identity "Interactive" represents users who are currently logged on to a particular computer and accessing a given resource located on that computer. This identity is used to grant permissions to users who are physically present at the computer and interact with it directly, such as through a keyboard or mouse. It does not include users accessing the resource remotely or over a network.

Submit
98. Which UNIX command changes the group ownership of one or more files?

Explanation

The correct answer is "chgrp". This UNIX command is used to change the group ownership of one or more files. It allows the user to specify a new group for the files, which can be useful for managing file permissions and access control within a UNIX system.

Submit
99. In UNIX, which package of programs lets a terminal handle many sessions at once?

Explanation

The correct answer is Multi-session manager. This package of programs in UNIX allows a terminal to handle multiple sessions simultaneously. It enables users to open multiple windows or terminals and switch between them, allowing for multitasking and efficient use of system resources. The term "UNIX windows system" is not a recognized package in UNIX, and while "Multi-user manager" and "UNIX session manager" may sound plausible, they do not accurately describe the package that specifically handles multiple sessions.

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100. A set of data elements (values) organized using a model of horizontal rows and vertical columns whose data is calculated in response to a query is called a

Explanation

A set of data elements organized using a model of horizontal rows and vertical columns whose data is calculated in response to a query is called a view. A view is a virtual table that is based on the result of a query. It does not store any data itself but instead retrieves and displays data from one or more tables. Views provide a way to simplify complex queries, hide sensitive data, and present a customized view of the data to users.

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What does the 0 following the c in the device name c0t6d0s7 represent?
What does the 7 in the device name c0t6d0s7 represent?
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Where does a copy of the active directory database reside?
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