The human body can move in different ways, and there have been various theories put across to explain how we attain coordinated movement. How well do you actually understand these theories and their application in real life? This trivia quiz will test you on motor control theories and characteristics based on some real-life scenarios that people have undertaken regularly. Do give it a shot and see if it helps you understand motor control better.
Uses Feedback
Information issued only to initiate movement
Movement is typically over very early
The process or state of coordinating or being coordinated
The organization of the different elements of a complex body or activity so as to enable them to work together effectively
Patterning of the body and limb motions relative to the patterning of environmental objects and events
Having the ability to function in a sporting environment (ie. catch a ball, hit a pitch)
Open Loop
Closed Loop
Efference Copy
Central Centre (Executive)
1
2
3
4
The number of independent elements in a central system and the ways each component can act
All the possible movements around a specific limb or joint
The various movement possibilities applicable to the body
Context of the environment of the head, body and/or limb movements so that actions can be accomplished
Schmidt's Schema Theory
Dynamic Pattern Theory
Motor Program-based Theories
Fitt's Law
Is a memory based construct that controls coordinated movement
Describes and explains the role of coordinated movement that emphasises the role of information in the environment and properties of the body/limbs
Hypothesises a Generalised Motor Program (GMP)
Helps to explain the degrees of freedom problem and describes how the nervous system produces coordinated movement of motor skills
Features of a GMP that can be varied from one performance of a skill to another
A unique set of characteristics that defines a GMP and does not vary from one performance to the next
A memory representation that stores information needed o perform an action
The fundamental of the class of actions
Memory is the most important component of a GMP
A GMP serves as the central, memory-based mechanism for the control of motor skill performance
Open and closed loop control systems send movement instructions to the GMP and initiate a movement
When a specific action is performed, specific parameter values must be added to the GMP
Invariant features
Regulatory conditions
Parameters
Attractors
Control Parameter
Self-Organisation
Coordinated Structures
Dynamical Systems
Instructions are specified by the CNS
Control process is managed by a motor program
Motor Program organizes, initiates, and carries out intended actions
Non-linear changes in movement behaviour
Refers to the sensation and perception of limb, trunk, head position and movement
Densory information is transmitted to the CNS (movement direction, location in space etc.)
More important in open-loop control systems rather than closed-loop control systems
Important source of feedback
To detect change in muscle fibre length, limb movement velocity and acceleration and limb spatial position
To detect force through the tendon due to lengthening of skeletal muscle
To help detect joint spatial position, joint velocity and joint direction
Act to detect the limits of joint flexion and extension
Muscle Spindles
Joint Receptors
Golgi tendon organs
Alpha motor neurons
Increased precision of motor skills
An inability to perform previously known motor skills
A lesser degree of precision when performing motor skills
No difference in level of motor skill proficiency
Large myelinated fibres degenerate - leading to loss of all sensory information including pain and temperature
Efferent motor pathways are (usually) intact - strength is normal
Patients who are unable to see their limbs cannot sense their position nor detect motion of joints
A) and b)
None of the above
Do nothing
Initiate step forwards
Sway forwards and fall over
Sway backwards and fall over
An attractor
An efference copy
The executive
Feedback
Believe our muscles (ie. proprioception)
Believe our eyes
Get so confused our heads explode
Need to make an executive decision to decide which sensory source to rely on
Pupil
Iris
Lens
Cornea
Pupil
Retina
Iris
Lens
Rods are photoreceptor cells that respond to low levels of light
Cones are photoreceptor cells that respond to bright light
The Optic Nerve is a cranial nerve - it transfers visual information from the retina to the brain
A) & b)
All of the above are correct
Dorsal
Ventral
Skilled tennis players view an opponents trunk-hip and head-shoulder areas
Less skilled spent more time looking at the opponents racquet
Event Occlusion is defined as excluding a part of an opponents body in a picture
Novices found that they had a lower percentage of error predicting the next action of a tennis player during Temporal Occlusion
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