2240 Motor Control
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Lecture 6 - - Motor Control Theories - Proprioception - Vision - Motor Control Characteristics
- 1.Which of the following is not a characteristic of a closed loop control system:
- A.
Uses Feedback
- B.
Information issued only to initiate movement
- C.
Movement is typically over very early
- 2.Which of the following is the most correct definition of coordination:
- A.
The process or state of coordinating or being coordinated
- B.
The organization of the different elements of a complex body or activity so as to enable them to work together effectively
- C.
Patterning of the body and limb motions relative to the patterning of environmental objects and events
- D.
Having the ability to function in a sporting environment (ie. catch a ball, hit a pitch)
- 3.Throwing a baseball pitch would be an example of what control system?
- A.
Open Loop
- B.
Closed Loop
- C.
Efference Copy
- D.
Central Centre (Executive)
- 4.How many degrees of freedom are there in the shoulder?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
- 5.The degrees of freedom problem explains:
- A.
The number of independent elements in a central system and the ways each component can act
- B.
All the possible movements around a specific limb or joint
- C.
The various movement possibilities applicable to the body
- D.
Context of the environment of the head, body and/or limb movements so that actions can be accomplished
- 6.Which of the following Motor Control Theories emphasises the role of a memory representation in the control of coordinated action?
- A.
Schmidt's Schema Theory
- B.
Dynamic Pattern Theory
- C.
Motor Program-based Theories
- D.
Fitt's Law
- 7.The Dynamic Pattern Theory:
- A.
Is a memory based construct that controls coordinated movement
- B.
Describes and explains the role of coordinated movement that emphasises the role of information in the environment and properties of the body/limbs
- C.
Hypothesises a Generalised Motor Program (GMP)
- D.
Helps to explain the degrees of freedom problem and describes how the nervous system produces coordinated movement of motor skills
- 8.Invariant features are defined as:
- A.
Features of a GMP that can be varied from one performance of a skill to another
- B.
A unique set of characteristics that defines a GMP and does not vary from one performance to the next
- C.
A memory representation that stores information needed o perform an action
- D.
The fundamental of the class of actions
- 9.Schmidt's Schema Theory proposes that:
- A.
Memory is the most important component of a GMP
- B.
A GMP serves as the central, memory-based mechanism for the control of motor skill performance
- C.
Open and closed loop control systems send movement instructions to the GMP and initiate a movement
- D.
When a specific action is performed, specific parameter values must be added to the GMP
- 10.In order to adapt an overarm throw for distance in a softball game, which part of the GMP must be altered?
- A.
Invariant features
- B.
Regulatory conditions
- C.
Parameters
- D.
Attractors
- 11.Anti-phase to In-phase organisation (ie. tapping fingers at seperate patterns - out of phase - will eventually lead to tapping at the same time - in-phase) is an exmaple of what:
- A.
Control Parameter
- B.
Self-Organisation
- C.
Coordinated Structures
- D.
Dynamical Systems
- 12.Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Motor Program Based Theory?
- A.
Instructions are specified by the CNS
- B.
Control process is managed by a motor program
- C.
Motor Program organizes, initiates, and carries out intended actions
- D.
Non-linear changes in movement behaviour
- 13.Which of the following does not apply to proprioception?
- A.
Refers to the sensation and perception of limb, trunk, head position and movement
- B.
Densory information is transmitted to the CNS (movement direction, location in space etc.)
- C.
More important in open-loop control systems rather than closed-loop control systems
- D.
Important source of feedback
- 14.The function of muscles spindles are:
- A.
To detect change in muscle fibre length, limb movement velocity and acceleration and limb spatial position
- B.
To detect force through the tendon due to lengthening of skeletal muscle
- C.
To help detect joint spatial position, joint velocity and joint direction
- D.
Act to detect the limits of joint flexion and extension
- 15.
- A.
Muscle Spindles
- B.
Joint Receptors
- C.
Golgi tendon organs
- D.
Alpha motor neurons
- 16.As observed by Taub and Berman (1963, 1968), Monkeys that had undergone Surgical Deafferentation showed:
- A.
Increased precision of motor skills
- B.
An inability to perform previously known motor skills
- C.
A lesser degree of precision when performing motor skills
- D.
No difference in level of motor skill proficiency
- 17.Which of the following statements about Sensory Polyneuropathy is false?
- A.
Large myelinated fibres degenerate - leading to loss of all sensory information including pain and temperature
- B.
Efferent motor pathways are (usually) intact - strength is normal
- C.
Patients who are unable to see their limbs cannot sense their position nor detect motion of joints
- D.
A) and b)
- E.
None of the above
- 18.If I were to vibrate both of the Achilles Tendons of an individual whom was standing with their eyes closed, the likely postural response would be to:
- A.
Do nothing
- B.
Initiate step forwards
- C.
Sway forwards and fall over
- D.
Sway backwards and fall over
- 19.The info from motor areas of the brain that is destined for the muscles is also sent as:
- A.
An attractor
- B.
An efference copy
- C.
The executive
- D.
Feedback
- 20.
- A.
Believe our muscles (ie. proprioception)
- B.
Believe our eyes
- C.
Get so confused our heads explode
- D.
Need to make an executive decision to decide which sensory source to rely on
- 21.The clear surface that covers the front of the eye is:
- A.
Pupil
- B.
Iris
- C.
Lens
- D.
Cornea
- 22.Which of the following is the eye structure that covers the back of the eye as an extension of the brain (contains neuro-receptors that transmit visual information to the brain):
- A.
Pupil
- B.
Retina
- C.
Iris
- D.
Lens
- 23.Which of the following statements about the neural components of the eye is FALSE:
- A.
Rods are photoreceptor cells that respond to low levels of light
- B.
Cones are photoreceptor cells that respond to bright light
- C.
The Optic Nerve is a cranial nerve - it transfers visual information from the retina to the brain
- D.
A) & b)
- E.
All of the above are correct
- 24.Vision for 'action' is processed via which stream:
- A.
Dorsal
- B.
Ventral
- 25.Which of the following statements about vision is FALSE:
- A.
Skilled tennis players view an opponents trunk-hip and head-shoulder areas
- B.
Less skilled spent more time looking at the opponents racquet
- C.
Event Occlusion is defined as excluding a part of an opponents body in a picture
- D.
Novices found that they had a lower percentage of error predicting the next action of a tennis player during Temporal Occlusion
- 26.Central vision (ie. information detected from a small area with a range of about 2 - 5 degrees) can also be explained as:
- A.
Monocular Vision
- B.
Binocular Vision
- C.
Foveal Vision
- D.
Peripheral Vision
- 27.
- A.
Transportation to reach forward is blocked
- B.
The grasp is not affected
- C.
The grasp is affected
- D.
A) & b)
- 28.In order to successfully catch an oncoming object you must see the object until:
- A.
You catch it
- B.
Halfway through its flight
- C.
You can predict the rest of the flight
- D.
It leaves the hand of the person throwing it
- 29.The optical variable Tau is defined as:
- A.
Tc = kA/A
- B.
Time to contact
- C.
The speed and accuracy tradeoff
- D.
The visual field 200 degrees horizontally and 160 degrees vertically
- 30.The Ventral Visual system:
- A.
Is the pathway for Action
- B.
Projects from the primary visual cortex to the posterior parietal cortex
- C.
Projects from the primary visual cortex to the inferotemporal cortex
- D.
Is the pathway for Perception
- E.
A) & b)
- F.
A) & c)
- G.
C) & d)
- 31.There is no single, absolute estimate of the time to process information, however there is a certain value that is considered reasonable for many tasks. This value is:
- A.
215-250ms
- B.
100-160ms
- C.
150-200ms
- D.
180-230ms
- 32.Describe Fitt's Law and explain how it relates to the speed-accuracy trade off
- 33.Prehension describes actions involving reaching for and grasping objects. There are 3 components for prehension. Which of the following is not one of them...
- A.
Transport
- B.
Limb Movement
- C.
Grasp
- D.
Object Manipulation
- 34.
- A.
Asymmetric
- B.
Symmetric
- C.
Disassociate
- D.
Difficult
- 35.The "reach and grasp" component of Prehension are no two seperate movement components but are interdependent.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 36.Which of the following statements about handwriting are FALSE?
- A.
There is a great deal of individual variation with limb segment involvement
- B.
Handwriting demonstrates only cognitive elements within a control process
- C.
Motor equivalence demonstrates a person adapting to specific demands with regard to muscle involvement (eg. writing samples)
- D.
Lexical, semantic and motor control processes occur simultaneously when writing
- 37.Which of the following statesments about Gait is FALSE?
- A.
There is a non-rhythmic structure of gait patterns that exist between arms and legs
- B.
Identification of gait patterns allow assessment techniques of coordination patterns
- C.
Head Stability is a high priority is the gait motor control system
- D.
Locomotion cerebral palsy and other neurological impairments adopt 'abnormal' gait to enable head stability
- 38.
- A.
It makes contact with the bat
- B.
100-160ms after it leaves the pictures hand
- C.
Only to a certain spot (before contact) in order to synchronise with the step forward
- D.
Until you can predict where the ball will fall in the strikers zone
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