2015 8th Grade Science Mid-term Exam

Element

Atom

Molecule

Substance

Solution

Solvent

Dissolution

Solute

Solvent

Solution

Dissolution

Solute

Surface Tension

Polarity

Capillary Action

Specific Heat

Water is polar and can dissolve more substances than any other liquid

Solutes are not polar molecules

Water is made up hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Water has a neutral pH

Waters ability to stick to other materials

Waters ability to stick to itself

Covalent bonds in water

Capillary Action

The smallest part of an element that is a basic unit of matter

The unit measure of an element

Elements that make up molecules

Neutrons in the nucleus

The number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom are always equal.

The number of protons is always greater than the number of electrons in an atom.

The number of protons is always less than the number of electrons in an atom.

The number of protons and electrons equals the mass of an atom.

A cluster of soap molecule beads

A hydrophobic end of a soap molecule

Soap polarity

A hydrophilic end of a soap molecule

Electrons in the outer cloud of an atom

A negatively charge ion

A positively charge ion

Ionically bonded electrons

A mixture of liquids that do not dissolve in each other. A condition where one liquid is suspended within another liquid which is not soluble.

When one liquid repels another and is neutral.

When a solute dissolves in a solvent.

When a liquid solidifies.

How many electrons are in a valence.

The strength of an atoms' electrons.

The electrical charge of a polar molecule.

The exchange of electrons in ionic bonding.

The e- represents the covalent Hydrogen electron bond in this Hydrogen molecule.

The pair of e- represents the double covalent Hydrogen electrons in the Hydrogen molecule.

The pair of e- represents the ionic Hydrogen electrons in this Hydrogen molecule.

The e- represents the single shared Hydrogen electron in this Hydrogen molecule.

Hydrogen bonds are non-polar because electrons in the bonds between identical atoms (H-H) are shared uniformly. This means electrons spend equal amounts of time around each atomic center.

Hydrogen bonds are non-polar because protons in the bonds between identical atoms (H-H) are shared uniformly. This means electrons spend equal amounts of time around each atomic center.

Hydrogen bonds are non-polar because protons in the bonds between identical atoms (H-H) are not shared uniformly. This means electrons do not spend equal amounts of time around each atomic center.

Hydrogen bonds are non-polar because protons and electrons in the atom of identical atoms (H-H) are shared uniformly. This means electrons do not spend equal amounts of time around each atomic center.

As altitude increases, air becomes less dense and the air pressure decreases. The water would not shoot out of the container.

As altitude increases, air becomes more dense and the air pressure decreases. The water would not shoot out of the container.

As altitude increases, air becomes more dense and the air pressure increases. The water would shoot out of the container farther than in the classroom.

As altitude increases, air becomes less dense and the air pressure increases. The water would shoot out of the container farther than in the classroom.

less dense, decreasing atmospheric pressure.

More dense, increasing atmospheric pressure.

less dense, increasing atmospheric pressure.

More dense, decreasing atmospheric pressure.

Ben Franklin accurately measured the thickness of a single-molecule thick layer of olive oil on water.

Ben Franklin accurately measured the pollution in the pond water caused by the olive oil.

Ben Franklin accurately measured the change in surface tension when olive oil was added to the pond.

Ben Franklin accurately measured the area of underwater visibility created by altered surface tension when oil was added to water.

Adhesion

Cohesion

Surface Tension

Polarity

Solute

Solution

Solvent

Insoluble

Capillary Action

Polarity

Surface Tension

Specific Heat

If the holes were larger, the volume of water flowing is greater, but slower with less pressure.

If the holes were larger, the volume of water flowing is less, but faster with more pressure.

If the holes were larger, the volume of water flowing is greater, faster and with more pressure.

If the holes were larger, the volume of water flowing is greater, faster and with less pressure.

Water comes out of the container faster, is under greater pressure and there is less volume of water in the flow.

Water comes out of the container faster, is under less pressure and there is greater volume of water in the flow.

Water comes out of the container slower, is under greater pressure and there is less volume of water in the flow.

Water comes out of the container slower, is under less pressure and there is less volume of water in the flow.

It breaks the polarity and therefore the surface tension

Liquid detergent is not soluble

It changes the pH

It changes the specific heat

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Nucleus, protons, electrons

Nucleus, neutrons, protons

Nucleus, electrons, neutrons

Capped, top hole

Uncapped, top hole

Uncapped, middle hole

Capped, middle hole

Cohesion causes surface tension

Polarity

Capillary action

Specific heat

Protons (+) positive, Neutrons are neutral, electrons (-) negative

Protons are neutral, neutrons are the nucleus, electrons (-) negative

Protons (-) negative, neutrons (+) positive, electrons (-) negative

Protons (+) positive, neutrons (-) negative, electrons are neutral

Polarity

Specific heat

Universal solvency

Surface tension

This is a hydrocarbon chain of a soap molecule.

This is a food molecule chain.

This is an oxygen, hydrogen and carbon water molecule chain.

This is a soap molecule chain with sodium.

An electrically charged particle (atom or molecule) whose charge is determined by the loss or gain of electrons.

An electrically charged particle (atom or molecule) whose charge is determined by the sharing of electrons.

An negatively charged particle (atom or molecule).

The electrically charged particles of Ca2+, Mg2+ presence in water.

Ionic bonding allow atoms to have complete outer shells by transferring electrons. Ionic bonding is when one or more electrons are removed from one atom and gained and attached to another atom. This results in positive and negative ions that attract each other.

Ionic bonding allow atoms to have complete outer shells by sharing electrons. Ionic bonding is when one or more electrons are shared from one atom with another atom. This results in a shared valence.

Ionic bonding is a chemical compound formed by the joining of two or more atoms.

An ionic bond forms a stable compound through the sharing and transfer of valence electrons.

Ionic bonding is the trading or transfer of electrons from one atom to another that enables the atoms to have complete outer shells.

Ionic bonding removes weak electrons from one atom enabling another atom to have strong electronegativity in its outer shell.

Ionic bonding enables one atom to release an electron and vacate its outer shell.

Ionic bonding is the sharing of electrons of atoms that enable the atoms to have complete outer shells.

Capillary Action allows water to move against gravity.

Surface tension allows water to move against gravity.

Cohesion allows water to move against gravity.

Universal solvency allows water to move against gravity.

Salt makes the water more dense, increasing surface tension

Salt makes the water less dense, decreasing surface tension

Salt changes the specific heat of the water, breaking the surface tension

Salt changes the polarity of the water as it dissolves in it

Where the soap enters the water it breaks the surface tension, causing the pepper to move to the sides of the dish where the surface tension is still strong enough to keep it afloat.

Where the soap enters the water the pepper scatters to avoid the soap micelles from surrounding it.

Pepper is hydrophilic, when the soap enters the water the pepper spreads out to stay attached to the water, repelling the soap.

Where the soap enters the water it breaks the adhesion between the pepper and the water causing the pepper to move to the sides of the dish where it can reattach to the water and float.

Universal solvent

Polarity

Surface Tension

Capillary Action

Cohesion causes the streams of water to combine with each pinch of your fingers to combine and flow as one stream of water.

Adhesion causes the streams of water to combine with each pinch of your fingers to combine and flow as one stream of water.

Polarity causes the streams of water to combine with each pinch of your fingers to combine and flow as one stream of water.

Surface tension causes the streams of water to combine with each pinch of your fingers to combine and flow as one stream of water.

Fish in this pond can live comfortably because the pond water specific heat capacity means the temperature of the water will stay relatively the same from day to night. The environment is relatively stable.

Fish in this pond can live comfortably because the pond water specific heat capacity means the temperature of the water will stay relatively warm from day to night. The environment is relatively stable.

Fish in this pond can live comfortably because the pond water specific heat capacity means the temperature of the water will stay relatively cool from day to night. The environment is relatively stable.

Fish in this pond can live comfortably because the pond water specific heat capacity means the density of the water will stay relatively the same from day to night. The environment is relatively stable.

1. Bismarck, North Dakota is located far inland and is a land locked area. Juneau, Alaska is located near the Pacific Ocean. Cities near or surrounded by water take longer to heat up or cool down than a landmass. Cities near the oceans will tend to have less change and less extreme temperatures than inland cities. 2. The property of water that applies is specific heat.

1. Bismarck, North Dakota is located far inland and is protected by the land. This helps it hold the heat. Juneau, Alaska is located near the Pacific Ocean at a higher latitude. This keeps it from getting warm. 2. The property of water that applies is specific heat.

1. Bismarck, North Dakota is located far inland and is close to the great lakes. This the temperature to be stable. Juneau, Alaska is located near the Pacific Ocean at a higher latitude and therefore the weather and temperature is less stable. 2. The property of water that applies is surface tension.

1. Bismarck, North Dakota is located far inland and is land locked. This causes the temperature to be stable. Juneau, Alaska is located near the Pacific Ocean at a higher latitude and therefore the weather and temperature is less stable. 2. The property of water that applies is specific heat.

Due to the slightly charged polar ends in a water, in a liquid form of water, Hydrogen bonds slip and slide past each other constantly forming bonds, breaking and reforming bonds. When water cools to form ice the Hydrogen bonds in the water molecule slow down, line up and become stable.

Due to the heavily charged polar ends in a water molecule, in a liquid form of water, Oxygen's strong bonds with Hydrogen make the molecule rigid. When water cools to form ice the water molecules slow down, line up and become stable.

The polar attraction between Hydrogen and Oxygen make water cohesive in a liquid form of water. Cohesion changes with temperature. As water cools to form ice the water molecules become less cohesive.

Hydrogen and Oxygen slip and slide past each other constantly forming bonds, breaking and reforming bonds. When water cools to form ice the Hydrogen and Oxygen re-bond causing the water molecule to slow down, line up and become stable.

Atomic number

Atomic mass

Subatomic particles

Nucleus

Being in the outer shell, valance electrons can be shared or transferred (removed from or attached to) other atoms.

Being in one of an atom's core shells, valance electrons are shared or transferred (removed from or attached to) within an atom.

A valence electron is ionic and can be a cation or an anion.

A valence electron determines the electronegativity of an atom.

The slightly negative side of the water, H2O, molecule is Oxygen. The negative Oxygen is attracted to the positive Sodium (Na+) ion of the Sodium Chloride molecule. The slightly positive side of the H2O, molecule is Hydrogen. The positive Hydrogen is attracted to the negative Chloride (Cl-) ion of Sodium Chloride. This attraction separates each Na+ Cl- ion from each other. As the water molecules encircle ions on each polar side and surrounds each ion, a hydration shell forms preventing the ions from re-bonding, dissolving the salt.

The slightly negative side of the water, H2O, molecule is Hydrogen. The negative Hydrogen is attracted to the positive Sodium (Na+) ion of the Sodium Chloride molecule. The slightly positive side of the H2O, molecule is Oxygen. The positive Oxygen is attracted to the negative Chloride (Cl-) ion of Sodium Chloride. This attraction separates each Na+ Cl- ion from each other. As the water molecules encircle ions on each polar side and surrounds each ion, a hydration shell forms preventing the ions from re-bonding, dissolving the salt.

The slightly positive side of the water, H2O, molecule is Oxygen. The positive Oxygen is attracted to the negative Sodium (Na-) ion of the Sodium Chloride molecule. The slightly negative side of the H2O, molecule is Hydrogen. The negative Hydrogen is attracted to the positive Chloride (Cl+) ion of Sodium Chloride. This attraction separates each Na+ Cl- ion from each other. As the water molecules encircle ions on each polar side and surrounds each ion, a hydration shell forms preventing the ions from re-bonding, dissolving the salt.

The slightly positive side of the water, H2O, molecule is Oxygen. The positive Oxygen is attracted to the positive Sodium (Na+) ion of the Sodium Chloride molecule. The slightly negative side of the H2O, molecule is Hydrogen. The negative Hydrogen is attracted to the negative Chloride (Cl-) ion of Sodium Chloride. This attraction separates each Na+ Cl- ion from each other. As the water molecules encircle ions on each polar side and surrounds each ion, a hydration shell forms preventing the ions from re-bonding, dissolving the salt.

Ammonia, salt, dishwashing liquid, sugar, vinegar.

Vinegar, salt, sugar, glue, dishwashing liquid.

Vinegar, salt, sugar, hand lotion, dishwashing liquid.

Vinegar,salt, dishwashing liquid, vaseline, sugar.

Water is a polar molecule.

Water is a nonpolar molecule.

Water molecules do not have electrically charges particles.

Water is a universal solvent.

Evaporate

Condense

Liquify

Solidify

Air

Gravity

Water

Surface tension

Surface tension of the water

Adhesion of the water

Polarity of the water

Specific heat of the water

A molecule of hydrogen and carbon, like those that make up waxes and oils

A molecule made up of hydrogen and carbon micelles

A water molecule that bonds with carbon

A soap molecule of hydrogen and carbon

Elements are composed of atoms that are made of identical particles

Elements are composed of atoms of different kinds of particles

Elements combine to make atoms

Atoms are made up of subatomic particles