1st Year Physiology Quiz Exam!

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  • 1/103 Questions

    What is likely to delay wound healing

    • Chronic illness
    • Poor nutritional status
    • Infection
    • Peripheral vascular disease
    • All the above
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About This Quiz

Since you are a first-year physiology student, you must have been introduced to the basics of physiology. Do you believe that you were super attentive in class? The quiz below is based on basic cell epithelial and connective tissue, AP, nerves, muscle, brain, and blood. Give it a shot and test what you understood throughout your first year on the subject.

1st Year Physiology Quiz Exam! - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The cell organelle that releases energy from food molecules and transform energy into a usable form. Site of aerobic respiration

    • Golgi Apparatus

    • Mitochondria

    • Lysosomes

    • Cell Membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitochondria
    Explanation
    Mitochondria are the cell organelles responsible for releasing energy from food molecules and transforming it into a usable form. They are the site of aerobic respiration, where glucose and oxygen are converted into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of the cell. Mitochondria have an outer membrane and an inner membrane with folds called cristae, which provide a large surface area for the chemical reactions involved in energy production. This process occurs through a series of reactions known as the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain, which take place in the mitochondria's matrix and inner membrane, respectively.

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  • 3. 

    Molecules or ions moving from regions of higher concentration towards regions of lower concentration. Requires no energy

    • Lysosomes

    • Diffusion

    • Active Transport

    • Cell Membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Diffusion
    Explanation
    Diffusion is the movement of molecules or ions from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. This process does not require any energy. In the context of the given options, diffusion is the most appropriate explanation as it aligns with the description provided. Lysosomes, active transport, and the cell membrane are not directly related to the movement of molecules or ions from higher to lower concentration without the need for energy.

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  • 4. 

    Starting from top of spinal cord in what order do different regions of cord occur

    • Sacral - thoracic - lumbar - cervical

    • Sacral - lumbar - cervical - thoracic

    • Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral

    • Thoracic - lumbar - cervical - sacral

    Correct Answer
    A. Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral
    Explanation
    The regions of the spinal cord occur in a specific order, starting from the top. The correct order is cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral. This means that the cervical region is located at the top of the spinal cord, followed by the thoracic region, then the lumbar region, and finally the sacral region.

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  • 5. 

    Arrange in correct sequence for reflex arc1. sensory neurons2. motor neurons3. integration centre4. effectors5 receptors

    • 5,1,3,2,4

    • 1,3,4,5,2

    • 2,4,3,1,5,

    • 5,4,3,2,1,

    • 3,2,4,5,1

    Correct Answer
    A. 5,1,3,2,4
    Explanation
    The correct sequence for a reflex arc is as follows: first, the receptors detect a stimulus and send signals to the sensory neurons (5,1). Then, the sensory neurons carry the signals to the integration center, which processes the information (3). Next, the integration center sends signals to the motor neurons (2), which in turn transmit the signals to the effectors (muscles or glands) (4). Finally, the effectors respond to the signals and produce a reflex action.

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  • 6. 

    In most people the right cerebral hemisphere controls movement

    • Of the right side of body primarily

    • On the left side of the body primarily

    • Of both the right and left sides of body equally

    • Of head and neck

    Correct Answer
    A. On the left side of the body primarily
    Explanation
    The right cerebral hemisphere primarily controls movement on the left side of the body. This is because the brain is cross-wired, meaning that the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and vice versa. Therefore, the right hemisphere controls movement on the left side of the body primarily.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following requires energy derived from splitting of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to occur

    • Carrier -mediated (faciliated) diffusion

    • Simple diffusion

    • Active transport

    • Dissolving in the lipid portion of the membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Active transport
    Explanation
    Active transport requires energy derived from splitting of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to occur. ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy that is used to drive the transport of molecules against their concentration gradient. This process is carried out by specific transport proteins embedded in the cell membrane, which undergo conformational changes to transport molecules across the membrane. This is in contrast to carrier-mediated (facilitated) diffusion, simple diffusion, and dissolving in the lipid portion of the membrane, which do not require ATP energy.

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  • 8. 

    List 4 signs of inflammation?  

    • Redness

    • Pain

    • Heat

    • Swelling

    • Bleeding

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Redness
    A. Pain
    A. Heat
    A. Swelling
    Explanation
    The correct answer is redness, pain, heat, and swelling. These signs are commonly associated with inflammation. Redness occurs due to increased blood flow to the affected area, pain is caused by the release of chemicals that stimulate nerve endings, heat is a result of increased blood flow and metabolic activity, and swelling is caused by the accumulation of fluid and immune cells.

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  • 9. 

    What are the special characteristics of epithelial cells

    • Can regenerate

    • All cells attached to basement membrane

    • Apical or free surface

    • Closely packed together

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Epithelial cells have several special characteristics. Firstly, they can regenerate, meaning they are capable of replacing damaged or lost cells. Secondly, all epithelial cells are attached to a basement membrane, which provides structural support. Additionally, epithelial cells have an apical or free surface, meaning they have one side exposed to the external environment or a body cavity. Lastly, epithelial cells are closely packed together, forming a continuous layer of cells. Therefore, all of the given characteristics are true for epithelial cells.

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  • 10. 
    Name number 1 - ProProfs

    Name number 1

    • Resting membrane potential

    • Reaching a threshold

    • Sodium diffuses into the cell

    • Sodium Gates Close/Potassium Gates Open

    • Potassium diffuses out of the cell

    Correct Answer
    A. Resting membrane potential
    Explanation
    The resting membrane potential refers to the electrical charge difference across the cell membrane when the cell is at rest. This potential is maintained by the unequal distribution of ions, such as sodium and potassium, inside and outside the cell. When the cell receives a stimulus and reaches a threshold, sodium gates open, allowing sodium ions to diffuse into the cell. This depolarizes the membrane potential. Once the threshold is reached, sodium gates close and potassium gates open, allowing potassium ions to diffuse out of the cell. This repolarizes the membrane potential, restoring it to its resting state.

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  • 11. 

    This structure maintains integrity of the cell and controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell - made primarily of phospholipids.

    • Ribosome

    • Cell Membrane

    • Endoplasmic Reticulum

    • Lysosomes

    Correct Answer
    A. Cell Membrane
    Explanation
    The cell membrane is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the cell and controlling the passage of materials into and out of the cell. It is primarily made up of phospholipids, which form a lipid bilayer that acts as a barrier. The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids face inward, while the hydrophilic heads face outward, creating a selectively permeable membrane. This allows the cell to regulate the movement of molecules and ions, ensuring that only certain substances can enter or exit the cell.

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  • 12. 

    The cell organelle that digest worn cellular parts or substances that enter cells

    • Mitochondria

    • Golgi Apparatus

    • Ribosome

    • Lysosomes

    Correct Answer
    A. Lysosomes
    Explanation
    Lysosomes are cell organelles responsible for digesting worn-out cellular parts or substances that enter cells. They contain enzymes that break down these materials into smaller molecules, which can then be recycled or eliminated from the cell. Lysosomes play a crucial role in maintaining cellular health and removing waste products. They are often referred to as the "garbage disposal" or "recycling center" of the cell.

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  • 13. 

    A genotype that contains two different forms of a gene for a particular trait is called  

    • Heterozygous

    • Dominant

    • Homozygous

    • Recessive

    • Homologous

    Correct Answer
    A. Heterozygous
    Explanation
    A genotype that contains two different forms of a gene for a particular trait is called heterozygous. This means that the individual has inherited two different alleles for that particular gene, one from each parent. In this case, neither allele is dominant over the other, resulting in a heterozygous genotype.

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  • 14. 

    The value of the resting membrane potential of a typical nerve cell has what approximate value

    • -150mV

    • + 30 mV

    • 0mV

    • - 70mV

    • - 10mV

    Correct Answer
    A. - 70mV
    Explanation
    The resting membrane potential of a typical nerve cell is approximately -70mV. This means that the inside of the cell is negatively charged compared to the outside. This negative charge is maintained by the balance of ions across the cell membrane, with more sodium ions outside and more potassium ions inside. This potential is important for the cell's ability to generate and transmit electrical signals.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following cells form myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system

    • Oligodendrocytes

    • Satellite cells

    • Schwann cells

    • Astrocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Schwann cells
    Explanation
    Schwann cells form myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system. Myelin sheaths are protective coverings that wrap around nerve fibers, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of nerve impulses. Oligodendrocytes, on the other hand, form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system. Satellite cells are found in ganglia and provide support and nourishment to neurons. Astrocytes are star-shaped cells that provide support and maintain the environment for neurons in the central nervous system.

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  • 16. 

    Which is the largest part of the human brain?  

    • Cerebrum

    • Cerebellum

    • Medulla

    • Thalamus

    Correct Answer
    A. Cerebrum
    Explanation
    The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving. It is divided into two hemispheres and is further divided into different lobes, each with specific functions. The cerebrum plays a crucial role in controlling voluntary movements, interpreting sensory information, and processing emotions. It is also involved in language processing, decision-making, and creativity.

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  • 17. 

    True or false  goblet cells are unicellular and secrete mucus

    Correct Answer
    true
    Explanation
    Goblet cells are indeed unicellular and secrete mucus. These specialized cells are found in the epithelial lining of various organs, such as the respiratory tract and the intestines. Their main function is to produce and secrete mucus, which helps to protect and lubricate the surface of these organs. The mucus produced by goblet cells helps to trap foreign particles, such as dust and bacteria, and also aids in the movement of substances across the epithelial surface. Therefore, the statement "goblet cells are unicellular and secrete mucus" is true.

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  • 18. 

    What are the names of the fibre types found in the connective tissue

    • Collagen

    • Reticular

    • Elastic

    • All the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "all the above" because collagen, reticular, and elastic are all types of fibers found in connective tissue. Collagen fibers provide strength and support, reticular fibers provide a framework for organs and tissues, and elastic fibers allow tissues to stretch and recoil. Therefore, all three types of fibers are present in connective tissue.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following cells is a phagocyte?  

    • Memory cell

    • B-lymphocyte

    • Macrophage

    • Helper T-cell

    • Plasma cell

    Correct Answer
    A. Macrophage
    Explanation
    A macrophage is a type of phagocyte, which is a cell that can engulf and digest foreign particles, such as bacteria and dead cells. Other cells listed in the options, such as memory cells, B-lymphocytes, helper T-cells, and plasma cells, are not phagocytes.

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  • 20. 

    Sensory neurons are

    • Are afferent neurons

    • Take impulses to CNS

    • Are efferent neurons

    • Take impulses away from the CNS

    • Both A and B are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. Both A and B are correct
    Explanation
    Sensory neurons are a type of neuron that carry impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS). These neurons are also known as afferent neurons because they transmit information towards the CNS. Both statements A and B are correct because sensory neurons not only carry impulses to the CNS but also function as afferent neurons.

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  • 21. 

    What sensory information is carried in the posterior or dorsal column pathway  

    • Pressure and vibration,,

    • Proprioception

    • Two-point discrimination

    • discriminative touch

    • All the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All the above
    Explanation
    The posterior or dorsal column pathway carries various sensory information, including pressure and vibration, proprioception, two-point discrimination, and discriminative touch. This pathway is responsible for transmitting these sensory signals from the body to the brain for processing and interpretation. Therefore, the correct answer is "all the above."

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  • 22. 

    True or false keratin carbohydrate

    Correct Answer
    false
    Explanation
    Keratin is a protein, not a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, while keratin is a structural protein found in hair, nails, and skin. Therefore, the statement "keratin carbohydrate" is false.

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  • 23. 

    Molecules or ions are carried through membranes by other molecules from regions of lower concentration toward regions of higher concentration. Requires energy.

    • Active Transport

    • Diffusion

    • Osmosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Active Transport
    Explanation
    Active transport is the correct answer because it involves the movement of molecules or ions against their concentration gradient, from regions of lower concentration to regions of higher concentration. This process requires the input of energy to drive the movement of molecules or ions across the membrane. Diffusion, on the other hand, is the passive movement of molecules or ions from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration, while osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

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  • 24. 

    This structure transports materials within the cell, provides attachment for ribosomes, and synthesizes lipids.

    • Lysosomes

    • Mitochondria

    • Cell cembrane

    • Endoplasmic Reticulum

    • Ribosomes

    Correct Answer
    A. Endoplasmic Reticulum
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Endoplasmic Reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes within the cell that transports materials, provides attachment sites for ribosomes, and synthesizes lipids. It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. The other options listed, such as lysosomes, mitochondria, cell membrane, and ribosomes, have different functions and do not match the description given in the question.

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  • 25. 

    The resting menbrane potential depends mostly on the diffusion ions across the cells (tick 2)

    • Chloride

    • Potassium

    • Bicarbonate

    • Sodium

    • Hydrogen

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Potassium
    A. Sodium
    Explanation
    The resting membrane potential refers to the electrical charge difference across the cell membrane when the cell is at rest. This potential is primarily determined by the diffusion of ions across the cell membrane. Among the given options, potassium and sodium ions play crucial roles in establishing the resting membrane potential. Potassium ions tend to leak out of the cell due to the concentration gradient, while sodium ions tend to leak into the cell. These ion movements create an electrical charge difference across the membrane, contributing to the resting membrane potential. Other ions listed, such as chloride, bicarbonate, and hydrogen, may also have some influence on the resting membrane potential but are not the primary contributors.

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  • 26. 

    What type of gland secretes hormones

    Correct Answer(s)
    endocrine
    Explanation
    Endocrine glands are responsible for secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones then travel to target cells or organs in the body, where they regulate various physiological processes. Unlike exocrine glands, which secrete substances through ducts, endocrine glands do not have ducts and release their hormones directly into the bloodstream. Therefore, the correct answer is endocrine.

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  • 27. 

    A generic term for the "stuff" found OUTSIDE the cell.

    • Ecf

    • Icf

    • Lysosomes

    • Blood

    • Plasma

    Correct Answer
    A. Ecf
    Explanation
    The correct answer is ecf, which stands for extracellular fluid. Extracellular fluid refers to the fluid found outside the cell, including the fluid in the blood plasma. This term is used to describe the collective "stuff" that is present in the spaces between cells and organs in the body. It is an essential component for maintaining the balance of nutrients, electrolytes, and waste products in the body.

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  • 28. 

    How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from spinal cord

    • 12

    • 18

    • 31

    • 35

    • 26

    Correct Answer
    A. 31
    Explanation
    There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord. The spinal cord is divided into different segments, and each segment gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves. These spinal nerves are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the brain and motor signals from the brain to the muscles. Therefore, the correct answer is 31.

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  • 29. 

      Mitosis always results in

    • Four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes

    • Two daughter cells with the same number as the original cell

    • Two daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes

    • Four daughter cells with the same number as the original cell

    Correct Answer
    A. Two daughter cells with the same number as the original cell
    Explanation
    During mitosis, a single cell divides into two daughter cells. The purpose of mitosis is to produce daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original cell. This means that the daughter cells will have the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. Therefore, the correct answer is that mitosis results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.

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  • 30. 

    During wound healing which type of cell produces collagen fibres

    • Platelets

    • Fibroblasts

    • Neutrophil

    • Epithelial

    • Macrophage

    Correct Answer
    A. Fibroblasts
    Explanation
    During wound healing, fibroblasts are responsible for producing collagen fibers. Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix, which provides structural support to tissues. Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells that play a crucial role in wound healing by migrating to the site of injury and synthesizing collagen. These cells are responsible for the production and organization of collagen fibers, which help to strengthen and repair the damaged tissue.

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  • 31. 

    This structure packages protein molecules for transport and secretion

    • Ribosomes

    • Endoplasmic Reticulum

    • Golgi Apparatus

    • Lysosome

    Correct Answer
    A. Golgi Apparatus
    Explanation
    The Golgi Apparatus is responsible for packaging and modifying protein molecules for transport and secretion. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and further modifies them by adding sugars and lipids. The Golgi Apparatus then packages these modified proteins into vesicles and sends them to their final destination, either within the cell or outside of it. Therefore, the Golgi Apparatus is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in the transportation and secretion of protein molecules.

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  • 32. 

    This structure is the site of protein synthesis.

    • Ribosomes

    • Endoplasmic Reticulum

    • Mitochondria

    • Lysosomes

    • Cell Membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Ribosomes
    Explanation
    Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, making them the correct answer to this question. They are small structures found in cells that are involved in translating genetic information from DNA into proteins. Ribosomes can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and they can be free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. These tiny structures play a crucial role in building proteins, which are essential for various cellular functions and processes. Therefore, the structure described in the question is the ribosome.

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  • 33. 

    The vagus nerve is the ----------- cranial nerve  

    • 10th

    • 8th

    • 6th

    • 1st

    • 9th

    Correct Answer
    A. 10th
    Explanation
    The vagus nerve is the 10th cranial nerve. It is the longest and most complex cranial nerve in the body, extending from the brainstem to the abdomen. It plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. The vagus nerve also helps in controlling vocal cords and swallowing muscles.

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  • 34. 

     Meiosis  

    • Assures genetic variation

    • Keeps genetic make up constant

    • Is involved in asexual reproduction

    • Prevents genetic variation

    • None of these

    Correct Answer
    A. Assures genetic variation
    Explanation
    Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms. It involves the formation of gametes, such as sperm and eggs, which have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process ensures genetic variation by shuffling and recombining genetic material through crossing over and independent assortment. As a result, offspring inherit a unique combination of genes from their parents, leading to genetic diversity within a population. Therefore, meiosis assures genetic variation.

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  • 35. 

    Cells that are particularly effective at destroying cancer cells are:    

    • Plasma cells

    • Helper T-cells

    • Cytotoxic T-cells

    • B-cells

    • Mast cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Cytotoxic T-cells
    Explanation
    Cytotoxic T-cells, also known as killer T-cells, are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response against cancer cells. These cells are able to recognize and destroy cancer cells by releasing toxic substances, such as perforin and granzymes, which induce cell death. Cytotoxic T-cells are highly specialized and have the ability to target and eliminate cancer cells specifically, making them particularly effective in fighting against cancer.

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  • 36. 

    In order to enter many body cells, glucose must bind to a specific membrane transport protein which assist glucose to cross the membrane without using ATP. this type of movement is called

    • Active transport

    • Simple diffusion

    • Osmosis

    • Facilitated diffusion

    • Vesicular transport

    Correct Answer
    A. Facilitated diffusion
    Explanation
    Glucose enters many body cells by binding to a specific membrane transport protein, which helps it cross the membrane without using ATP. This type of movement is called facilitated diffusion. In facilitated diffusion, the transport protein acts as a channel or carrier to facilitate the movement of molecules across the membrane, down their concentration gradient. This process does not require energy expenditure and is different from active transport, which requires ATP.

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  • 37. 

     The phase of mitosis in which the single stranded chromosomes move to opposite sites of the cell is ?

    • Prophase

    • Metaphase

    • Telophase

    • Anaphase

    • Interphase

    Correct Answer
    A. Anaphase
    Explanation
    Anaphase is the correct answer because it is the phase of mitosis where the single stranded chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell. This is achieved through the contraction of spindle fibers, which pull the chromosomes towards the poles of the cell. Once the chromosomes have been fully separated, the cell proceeds to telophase, where two new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes.

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  • 38. 

    Which of the following is a sex-linked trait?  

    • Cystic fibrosis

    • Hemophilia

    • Phenylketonuria

    • Hunting's disease

    • Sickle cell anaemia

    Correct Answer
    A. Hemophilia
    Explanation
    Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait because it is caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. Since males only have one X chromosome, they are more likely to inherit the condition if their mother is a carrier. Females can also be carriers of hemophilia if they inherit the mutated gene from both parents. Cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, Huntington's disease, and sickle cell anemia are not sex-linked traits as they are caused by mutations on non-sex chromosomes.

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  • 39. 

      A foreign substance that elicits a specific immune response is called a (an):  

    • Macrophage

    • Interferon

    • Antibodies

    • Antigens

    • Phagocyte

    Correct Answer
    A. Antigens
    Explanation
    A foreign substance that elicits a specific immune response is called an antigen. Antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, or other molecules that are recognized by the immune system as foreign. When antigens enter the body, they trigger the immune system to produce antibodies, which are proteins that bind to and neutralize the antigens. Macrophages and phagocytes are types of immune cells that help to engulf and destroy foreign substances, but they do not specifically elicit an immune response. Interferons are proteins that are produced by cells in response to viral infections, but they are not specifically related to the immune response to foreign substances.

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  • 40. 

       B-cells:  

    • Are a type of lymphocyte

    • Develop into plasma cells and memory cells

    • Establish antibody-mediated immunity

    • Develop from primitive stem cells in the bone marrow

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    B-cells are a type of lymphocyte that develop into plasma cells and memory cells. They play a crucial role in establishing antibody-mediated immunity. B-cells develop from primitive stem cells in the bone marrow. Therefore, all of the given statements are correct.

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  • 41. 
    Name number 9 - ProProfs

    Name number 9

    • Sodium gates open

    • IPSP

    • Potassium gates open

    • EPSP

    • Hyperpolarized

    Correct Answer
    A. EPSP
    Explanation
    This question is asking for the name of the number 9 in relation to the given statements about sodium and potassium gates. The given statements mention that when sodium gates open, there is an IPSP (Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential), and when potassium gates open, there is an EPSP (Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential). Since the answer is EPSP, it can be inferred that the number 9 is associated with the opening of potassium gates, resulting in an EPSP.

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  • 42. 

    Which of the following is inaccurate

    • There are 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves

    • There are 5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves

    • There are 12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves

    • There are 5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves

    • There are 5 pairs of coccygeal spinal nerves

    Correct Answer
    A. There are 5 pairs of coccygeal spinal nerves
    Explanation
    The given answer is accurate because there are actually only 4 pairs of coccygeal spinal nerves, not 5. The coccygeal nerves emerge from the bottom of the spinal cord and innervate the coccyx region.

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  • 43. 

    The vital centre for the control of heart beat, respiration and blood vessels diameter are located in the

    • Thalamus

    • Cerebrum

    • Brainstem

    • Cerebellum

    Correct Answer
    A. Brainstem
    Explanation
    The brainstem is the correct answer because it contains the vital centers responsible for controlling essential functions such as heart rate, respiration, and the diameter of blood vessels. These centers include the medulla oblongata and the pons, which are located in the brainstem. The thalamus is involved in relaying sensory information, the cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions, and the cerebellum is involved in motor coordination and balance. Therefore, the brainstem is specifically responsible for controlling the mentioned vital functions.

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  • 44. 

     Which of the following is a form of natural passive immunity?  

    • A child develops measles and becomes immune to subsequent infection

    • Antibodies are injected into an infected individual

    • An infant receives protection through it’s mothers milk

    • Vaccination against smallpox

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. An infant receives protection through it’s mothers milk
    Explanation
    Natural passive immunity occurs when an individual receives pre-formed antibodies from another source, such as through maternal transfer. In this case, the infant receives protection through its mother's milk, which contains antibodies that the mother has produced in response to previous infections or vaccinations. This provides temporary immunity to the infant until their own immune system develops. The other options do not involve the transfer of pre-formed antibodies and therefore do not represent natural passive immunity.

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  • 45. 

    Alleles            

    • are alternative forms of a gene

    • Have the same position on a position on a pair of chromosomes

    • Have affect the same trait

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Alleles are alternative forms of a gene, meaning they are different versions of the same gene. They can have the same position on a pair of chromosomes, as they are located at the same locus. Additionally, alleles can affect the same trait, as different versions of a gene can result in variations in the expression of a particular characteristic. Therefore, all of the given options are correct explanations for alleles.

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  • 46. 
    Name number 3 - ProProfs

    Name number 3

    • Resting membrane potential

    • Sodium diffuses into the cell

    • Sodium Gates Close/Potassium Gates Open

    • Potassium diffuses out of the cell

    • Reaching a threshold

    Correct Answer
    A. Sodium diffuses into the cell
    Explanation
    The resting membrane potential is the electrical potential difference across the cell membrane when the cell is at rest. It is maintained by the uneven distribution of ions, such as sodium and potassium, inside and outside the cell. In this case, the correct answer suggests that sodium diffuses into the cell, which can disrupt the resting membrane potential and cause depolarization. This occurs when sodium gates open, allowing sodium ions to enter the cell. This depolarization can lead to the opening of potassium gates and the subsequent diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell, further contributing to the change in membrane potential.

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  • 47. 

    With reference to blood supply to the brain what proportion of the cardiac output does the brain receive?

    • 10%

    • 20%

    • 50%

    • 5%

    Correct Answer
    A. 20%
    Explanation
    The brain receives approximately 20% of the cardiac output. This means that out of the total amount of blood pumped by the heart, 20% of it is directed towards supplying oxygen and nutrients to the brain. The brain is a highly metabolically active organ and requires a constant supply of blood to function properly. The brain's high demand for blood is due to its role in controlling various bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis.

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  • 48. 

    The maturation of T-cells takes place in which of the following structures?  

    • Spleen

    • Thyroid

    • Tonsils

    • Thymus

    • Bone marrow

    Correct Answer
    A. Thymus
    Explanation
    T-cells are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response. The maturation of T-cells takes place in the thymus gland, which is a small organ located in the upper chest. The thymus is responsible for training T-cells to recognize and respond to specific pathogens, while also ensuring that they do not attack the body's own cells. This process is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. Therefore, the correct answer is thymus.

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  • 49. 

    Which one of the following statements concerning diffusion is not true

    • Diffusion speeds up as body temperature rises

    • A small surface area slows down the rate of diffusion

    • A low weight particle diffuses faster than a high weight particle

    • It moves material from area of low concentration to an area of high diffusion

    • Diffusion over a greater distance takes longer then diffusion over a short distance

    Correct Answer
    A. It moves material from area of low concentration to an area of high diffusion

Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 22, 2023 +

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  • Mar 22, 2023
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