Living Things, Cells & Systems

Explanation
The correct answer is "Respiration, Excretion, Movement, Irritability, Nutrition, Development, Reproduction". This answer includes all the different characteristics of a living thing. Respiration refers to the process of obtaining energy from food, excretion is the removal of waste products, movement is the ability to change position, irritability is the response to stimuli, nutrition is the intake of nutrients, development is the growth and maturation process, and reproduction is the ability to produce offspring.

Explanation
The correct answer is animal, plant. This is because animals and plants are two distinct types of cells. Animal cells are eukaryotic cells that make up the tissues and organs of animals, while plant cells are eukaryotic cells that make up the tissues and organs of plants. These two types of cells have different structures and functions, with animal cells typically being more flexible and plant cells having a rigid cell wall and the ability to photosynthesize.

Explanation
The given statement is incorrect. Plants are autotrophic because they are able to produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis, which requires chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in plants that enables them to capture sunlight and convert it into energy. Without chlorophyll, plants would not be able to carry out photosynthesis and produce their own food. Therefore, the statement that plants are autotrophic but have no chlorophyll is false.

Explanation
The diagram is illustrating a plant cell. This can be inferred from the options given, where "Plant" is the only relevant choice.

Explanation
A plant cell is characterized by having a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. These structures are unique to plant cells and are not found in animal cells. Additionally, plant cells typically have a more regular shape compared to animal cells, which can vary in shape and size. Therefore, the statement that a plant cell has a cell wall, chloroplasts, no lysosomes, vacuole, and a regular shape is true.

Explanation
This statement is true because cells are indeed the fundamental units of structure and function in all living organisms. Cells are responsible for carrying out essential biological processes and maintaining the overall functioning of an organism. They are the building blocks of life and are present in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms.

Explanation
The nucleus of a cell is indeed responsible for controlling all cellular activities. It contains the cell's DNA and acts as the command center, directing the cell's functions and regulating gene expression. This control is crucial for the cell to carry out its various processes and maintain its overall function. Therefore, the statement that the nucleus is the "brain of the cell" is accurate.

Explanation
Organelles are structures inside a cell that are responsible for carrying out the life processes. They perform specific functions necessary for the survival and functioning of the cell. The cell membrane is the outer boundary of the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing the genetic material and regulating cell activities. However, organelles such as mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and others are responsible for various cellular functions such as energy production, protein synthesis, and transportation of substances.

Explanation
The cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It acts as a barrier, allowing only certain molecules to pass through while preventing others from entering or exiting the cell. The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the cell's genetic material, but it does not regulate the movement of substances. The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell, but it does not have the selective permeability of the cell membrane. Therefore, the correct answer is the cell membrane.

Explanation
The mitochondria is the correct answer because it is the organelle responsible for cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The mitochondria contains enzymes and other molecules needed for this process to occur. It is often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell because it produces the energy needed for various cellular activities. The nucleus, on the other hand, is responsible for housing the cell's genetic material, while the cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell and houses various organelles.

Explanation
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in animal cells that contain digestive enzymes. They are responsible for breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances. Lysosomes are often referred to as the "suicide sac" because if they were to rupture or malfunction, they could release their enzymes and cause the cell to self-destruct. This unique characteristic of lysosomes is not found in other organelles such as the chloroplast or nucleus.

Explanation
The jelly-like substance outside of the nucleus but inside the cell membrane is called cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid substance that fills the cell and contains various organelles, such as mitochondria and ribosomes. The cytoplasm plays a vital role in supporting the organelles and facilitating cellular processes, such as metabolism and protein synthesis.