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Social Ethics/Philosophy 226: Ch 12 Ethics and Discrimination: Nonconsequentialist or Consequentialist considerations. Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to:
(N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations- Do it just because it's right; act out of duty, according to duty, or as duty requires.
or to:
(C) Consequentialist considerations - Utilitarianism. (Greatest good for the greatest number)
Questions and Answers
- 1.
If we hire people according to their sex or race, they will have less self-esteem than if they are hired on competence.
- A.
(N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations
- B.
(C) Consequentialist considerations
Correct Answer
B. (C) Consequentialist considerationsExplanation
The given statement suggests that hiring people based on their competence rather than their sex or race can lead to higher self-esteem for the individuals being hired. This explanation aligns with consequentialist considerations, which prioritize the outcomes or consequences of an action. In this case, the consequentialist perspective suggests that hiring based on competence can result in positive outcomes such as increased self-esteem for the individuals involved.Rate this question:
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- 2.
By using race or sex to favor some groups we are using an irrelevant characteristic and this is not right.
- A.
(N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations
- B.
(C) Consequentialist considerations
Correct Answer
A. (N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerationsExplanation
This answer suggests that the reason for not using race or sex to favor some groups is based on nonconsequentialist or deontological considerations. This means that the decision is not based on the consequences or outcomes of the action, but rather on the moral principles or duties that dictate what is right or wrong. In this case, it is considered morally wrong to use an irrelevant characteristic like race or sex to discriminate or favor certain groups.Rate this question:
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- 3.
If these programs could be designed so that they would achieve the goal of equality, then they ought to be supported.
- A.
(N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations
- B.
(C) Consequentialist considerations
Correct Answer
B. (C) Consequentialist considerationsExplanation
The given statement suggests that if programs can be designed to achieve equality, they should be supported. This aligns with consequentialist considerations, which prioritize the consequences or outcomes of actions. Consequentialists believe that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences, and in this case, the consequence of achieving equality is seen as a desirable outcome. Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations, on the other hand, focus on the inherent nature of actions and adhere to principles or rules regardless of the consequences.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The fact that some people because of past discrimination are now in a socially disadvantaged position is a relevant reason to treat them differently but now in ways that advantage them.
- A.
(N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations
- B.
(C) Consequentialist considerations
Correct Answer
A. (N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerationsExplanation
The answer is (N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations because it suggests that treating people differently based on past discrimination is justified not because of the potential positive outcomes or consequences, but rather because it is a moral duty or principle to provide them with advantages to compensate for their disadvantaged position. This approach focuses on the inherent rights and principles that guide ethical decision-making, rather than the outcomes or consequences of those decisions.Rate this question:
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- 5.
It is not fair to prefer a woman or minority group member over a more well qualified applicant for this is to use an irrelevant difference as a basis for differential treatment.
- A.
(N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations
- B.
(C) Consequentialist considerations
Correct Answer
A. (N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerationsExplanation
This answer suggests that the statement is an example of nonconsequentialist (deontological) considerations. Nonconsequentialism is an ethical theory that focuses on the inherent rightness or wrongness of an action, rather than the consequences it produces. In this case, the statement argues against preferential treatment based on irrelevant differences such as gender or minority status, indicating a belief in the importance of treating all applicants fairly and based on their qualifications, rather than considering the potential consequences of such actions.Rate this question:
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- 6.
We ought to make it up to those who have been victims of discrimination by giving them special consideration in hiring and admissions.
- A.
(N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations
- B.
(C) Consequentialist considerations
Correct Answer
A. (N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerationsExplanation
This answer suggests that the idea of giving special consideration to victims of discrimination in hiring and admissions is based on nonconsequentialist (deontological) considerations. This means that the decision is not based on the potential consequences or outcomes of the action, but rather on the moral duty or principles involved. In this case, the moral duty may be seen as rectifying past injustices and promoting equality and fairness.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Simply trying to get rid of overt unjust discrimination has not had the desired effect of bringing certain groups into the mainstream, and thus more drastic measures are necessary.
- A.
(N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations
- B.
(C) Consequentialist considerations
Correct Answer
B. (C) Consequentialist considerationsExplanation
The given explanation suggests that the correct answer is (C) Consequentialist considerations because simply trying to eliminate overt unjust discrimination has not been effective in bringing certain groups into the mainstream. Therefore, more drastic measures are necessary, implying that the decision should be based on the consequences or outcomes of the actions taken.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Just as race or sex were wrongly used in the past to treat people differently, so also it is just as inherently wrong in present form in preferential treatment programs.
- A.
(N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations
- B.
(C) Consequentialist considerations
Correct Answer
A. (N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerationsExplanation
The given statement suggests that preferential treatment programs, which treat people differently based on certain characteristics, are inherently wrong. This aligns with nonconsequentialist (deontological) considerations, which argue that certain actions are inherently right or wrong regardless of their consequences. In this case, the statement implies that treating people differently based on race or sex is inherently wrong, regardless of any potential positive outcomes that may result from these preferential treatment programs.Rate this question:
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- 9.
We ought to realize that if we continue with programs of preferential treatment there will likely be a white male backlash and this will make it even more difficult to achieve racial or sexual equality.
- A.
(N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations
- B.
(C) Consequentialist considerations
Correct Answer
B. (C) Consequentialist considerationsExplanation
The given statement suggests that if we continue with programs of preferential treatment, there will likely be a white male backlash, which will make it even more difficult to achieve racial or sexual equality. This implies that the decision to continue or discontinue preferential treatment should be based on the potential consequences it may have on achieving equality. Therefore, the correct answer is (C) Consequentialist considerations, as it emphasizes the importance of considering the potential outcomes or consequences of a decision.Rate this question:
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- 10.
If young girls and blacks, for example, have more role models in certain professions, they will be more likely to seek those positions, and if this is possible only through affirmative action programs, then we ought to support such programs.
- A.
(N) Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) considerations
- B.
(C) Consequentialist considerations
Correct Answer
B. (C) Consequentialist considerationsExplanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that the argument is based on the potential positive consequences of affirmative action programs. It suggests that by providing more role models in certain professions for young girls and blacks, they will be more likely to seek those positions. This implies that affirmative action programs can lead to increased diversity and representation in certain professions, which is seen as a positive outcome. Therefore, the argument supports consequentialist considerations, which focus on the outcomes or consequences of actions.Rate this question:
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Feb 28, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Sep 13, 2015Quiz Created by
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