Olfactory Glands Trivia Quiz
Olfactory glands are a type of nasal glands that are very essential in our bodies. As we get to learn more about these glands and how they work. Do you think you understood that we learned in class these past weeks or do you need a refresher? Why don’t you take up this test and see just how much you can recall? All the best!
- 1.
Olfactory glands
- A.
Contain neural receptors for the sense of smell
- B.
Form structures called olfactory bulbs
- C.
Form the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium
- D.
Produce a pigmented mucus that covers the olfactory epithelium
- E.
Are sensitive to aromatic molecules in the air
Correct Answer
D. Produce a pigmented mucus that covers the olfactory epitheliumExplanation
Olfactory glands produce a pigmented mucus that covers the olfactory epithelium. This mucus helps to trap and dissolve odor molecules in the air, allowing them to come into contact with the neural receptors in the olfactory epithelium. Without this mucus, the receptors would not be able to detect and process smells effectively. Therefore, the production of pigmented mucus by the olfactory glands is crucial for the sense of smell.Rate this question:
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- 2.
All of the following are true of olfactory pathways, except:
- A.
Decussate at the level of the mammillary bodies
- B.
Carry impulses to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic system
- C.
Are the only sensory pathways to reach the cerebral cortex without first synapsing in the thalamus
- D.
Are subject to cecntral modification by several areas of the brain
- E.
Exhibit a considerable amount of convergence
Correct Answer
A. Decussate at the level of the mammillary bodiesExplanation
Olfactory pathways do not decussate at the level of the mammillary bodies. Decussation refers to the crossing over of nerve fibers from one side of the body to the other. In the case of olfactory pathways, the fibers do not cross over at the level of the mammillary bodies. Instead, they remain on the same side of the body. The other statements are true: olfactory pathways carry impulses to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic system, they are the only sensory pathways to reach the cerebral cortex without first synapsing in the thalamus, they are subject to central modification by several areas of the brain, and they exhibit a considerable amount of convergence.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The largest number of taste buds in adults are associated with the
- A.
Circumvallate papillae
- B.
Filiform papillae
- C.
Pharynx
- D.
Larynx
- E.
Fungiform papillae
Correct Answer
A. Circumvallate papillaeExplanation
Circumvallate papillae are large, dome-shaped structures located at the back of the tongue. They contain the largest number of taste buds in adults, making them responsible for detecting and interpreting different tastes. Filiform papillae, on the other hand, do not contain taste buds and are responsible for the tongue's texture. The pharynx and larynx are not directly associated with taste buds. Fungiform papillae are located on the sides and tip of the tongue and contain a moderate number of taste buds, but not as many as circumvallate papillae.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves
- A.
IX, X, XI
- B.
VII, IX, X
- C.
IX, XI, XII
- D.
VII, VIII, IX
- E.
V, VII, IX
Correct Answer
B. VII, IX, XExplanation
The taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves VII, IX, and X. Cranial nerve VII, also known as the facial nerve, is responsible for taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Cranial nerve IX, also known as the glossopharyngeal nerve, is responsible for taste sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue. Cranial nerve X, also known as the vagus nerve, is responsible for taste sensation from the epiglottis and the back of the throat. Therefore, these three cranial nerves collectively monitor the taste buds in different parts of the tongue and throat.Rate this question:
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- 5.
All of the following are true of the lacrimal glands, except:
- A.
Are more active during childhood
- B.
Produce watery, slightly alkaline secretions
- C.
Produce a secretion that contains lysozyme
- D.
Produce most of the volume of tears
- E.
Are located in pockets in the frontal bones
Correct Answer
A. Are more active during childhoodExplanation
The lacrimal glands are not more active during childhood.Rate this question:
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- 6.
All of the following are true of the vascular tunic of the eye, except:
- A.
Regulates the amount of light entering the eye
- B.
Controls the shape of the lens
- C.
Provides a route for blood vessels and lymphatics that supply tissues of the eye
- D.
Secretes and reabsorbs the aqueous humor
- E.
Contain pain receptors
Correct Answer
E. Contain pain receptorsExplanation
The vascular tunic of the eye, also known as the uvea, consists of three parts: the choroid, ciliary body, and iris. It regulates the amount of light entering the eye through the iris, which controls the size of the pupil. It also controls the shape of the lens through the ciliary body, which adjusts the lens for near and far vision. The vascular tunic provides a route for blood vessels and lymphatics that supply nutrients and oxygen to the tissues of the eye. It also secretes and reabsorbs the aqueous humor, a fluid that maintains the pressure and shape of the eye. However, the vascular tunic does not contain pain receptors.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A chalazion is
- A.
An infection in one of the sebaceous glands of the eyelids
- B.
An infection of a lacrimal gland
- C.
An infection of the conjunctiva
- D.
An inflammation of the lacrimal caruncle
- E.
A cyst that results from the infection of a Meibomian gland
Correct Answer
E. A cyst that results from the infection of a Meibomian glandExplanation
A chalazion is a cyst that forms when one of the Meibomian glands in the eyelid becomes infected. The Meibomian glands are responsible for producing the oily substance that helps lubricate the eyes. When one of these glands becomes blocked or infected, a chalazion can develop. This cyst usually appears as a small, painless bump on the eyelid and can cause swelling and redness. It typically resolves on its own over time, but in some cases, medical intervention may be necessary to drain the cyst.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The lining of the visible outer surface of the eye is the
- A.
Iris
- B.
Canthus
- C.
Conjunctiva
- D.
Anterior chamber
- E.
Cornea
Correct Answer
C. ConjunctivaExplanation
The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent membrane that covers the front surface of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. It helps to protect the eye from foreign particles and keeps it moist by producing tears. The conjunctiva is easily visible and can be seen as a clear layer over the white part of the eye. It does not include the iris, canthus, anterior chamber, or cornea, which are all different structures of the eye.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The transparent portion of the eye is the
- A.
Iris
- B.
Conjunctiva
- C.
Canthus
- D.
Cornea
- E.
Pupil
Correct Answer
D. CorneaExplanation
The cornea is the transparent portion of the eye that covers the front surface. It plays a crucial role in focusing light onto the retina, allowing us to see clearly. The cornea also helps protect the eye from foreign objects and damage.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The pigmented portion of the eye is the
- A.
Conjunctiva
- B.
Canal of Schlemm
- C.
Iris
- D.
Cornea
- E.
Pupil
Correct Answer
D. CorneaExplanation
The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. It is responsible for refracting light and focusing it onto the retina, allowing us to see clearly. The cornea also acts as a protective barrier against dirt, germs, and other foreign particles. It does not contain any blood vessels but receives nutrients from tears and the aqueous humor. The pigmented portion of the eye is actually the iris, which gives the eye its color and controls the size of the pupil.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The space between the suspensory ligament and the iris is the
- A.
Posterior chamber
- B.
Pupil
- C.
Anterior chamber
- D.
Vitreous body
- E.
Canal of Schlemm
Correct Answer
A. Posterior chamberExplanation
The space between the suspensory ligament and the iris is known as the posterior chamber. This chamber is located behind the iris and in front of the lens of the eye. It is filled with a watery fluid called aqueous humor, which helps maintain the shape of the eye and nourishes the surrounding tissues. The posterior chamber plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and function of the eye.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The passageway that drains aqueous humor back to the veins servicing the eye is the
- A.
Lacrimal duct
- B.
Posterior chamber
- C.
Canal of Schlemm
- D.
Anterior chamber
- E.
Pupil
Correct Answer
C. Canal of SchlemmExplanation
The canal of Schlemm is the correct answer because it is the passageway that drains aqueous humor back to the veins servicing the eye. Aqueous humor is a clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye and provides nourishment to the surrounding tissues. The canal of Schlemm is located in the angle between the cornea and the iris, and it allows the aqueous humor to flow out of the eye and into the bloodstream, maintaining the proper pressure within the eye.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The shape of the lens is controlled by the
- A.
Iris
- B.
Pupillary constrictor muscles
- C.
Ciliary muscles
- D.
Pupillary dilator muscles
- E.
Aqueous body
Correct Answer
C. Ciliary musclesExplanation
The ciliary muscles control the shape of the lens. These muscles are located in the eye and are responsible for adjusting the lens to focus on objects at different distances. When the ciliary muscles contract, they change the shape of the lens, making it thicker and more curved for near vision. When the ciliary muscles relax, the lens becomes thinner and flatter, allowing for clear distance vision. Therefore, the ciliary muscles play a crucial role in the process of accommodation, which is the ability of the eye to focus on objects at different distances.Rate this question:
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- 14.
An area of the retina that contains only cones and is the site of sharpest vision is the
- A.
Tapetum lucidum
- B.
Outer segment
- C.
Fovea
- D.
Inner segment
- E.
Optic disc
Correct Answer
C. FoveaExplanation
The fovea is the area of the retina that contains only cones, which are responsible for color vision and high visual acuity. This area is the site of sharpest vision because it has a high concentration of cones and a high density of photoreceptor cells. The fovea is located in the center of the macula, which is the central part of the retina responsible for detailed central vision.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A blind spot in the retina occurs where
- A.
Ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells
- B.
The optic nerve attaches to the retina
- C.
Rod cells are clustered to form the macula
- D.
Amacrine cells are located
- E.
The fovea is located
Correct Answer
B. The optic nerve attaches to the retinaExplanation
The correct answer is that the blind spot in the retina occurs where the optic nerve attaches to the retina. This is because the optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain. However, at the point where the optic nerve attaches to the retina, there are no photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) present. Therefore, this area lacks the ability to detect visual stimuli, resulting in a blind spot.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Visual pigments are derivatives of the compound
- A.
Retinal
- B.
CGMP
- C.
Opsin
- D.
Transducin
- E.
Rhodopsin
Correct Answer
E. RhodopsinExplanation
Rhodopsin is a visual pigment found in the rods of the retina, which are responsible for vision in low light conditions. It consists of a protein called opsin and a derivative of the compound retinal. When light hits the retinal, it undergoes a chemical change that triggers a series of reactions leading to the generation of electrical signals in the retina and ultimately the perception of light. Therefore, rhodopsin is the correct answer as it is directly related to the compound retinal and plays a crucial role in vision.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The following steps occur in rods when they are excited by photons of light 1. Membrane sodium channels close 2. Increased phosphodiesterase breaks down cGMP 3. Retinal changes from the 11-cis form to the 11-trans form 4. The membrane hyperpolarizes and the rate of neurotransmitter release declines 5. Opsin activates transducin 6. Opsin activation occurs The proper sequence for these steps is:
- A.
6, 3, 5, 2, 1, 4
- B.
3, 6, 5, 1, 2, 4
- C.
1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2
- D.
3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4
- E.
1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 3
Correct Answer
D. 3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4 -
- 18.
Which of the following statements conceerning vision is false?
- A.
Fibers of the optic nerve synapse at the lateral geniculates of the thalamus
- B.
The visual cortex of the brain contains a sensory map of the field of vision
- C.
Depth perception is improved when one eye is closed
- D.
Approximately half of the fibers in each optic nerve cross to opposite sides of the brain at the optic chiasm
- E.
The image that is formed on the retina is inverted
Correct Answer
C. Depth perception is improved when one eye is closed -
- 19.
The ossicles connect the
- A.
Cochlea to the tympanic membrane
- B.
Oval window to the round window
- C.
Tympanic membrane to the round window
- D.
Tympanic membrane to the oval window
- E.
Cochlea to the oval window
Correct Answer
D. Tympanic membrane to the oval windowExplanation
The ossicles, which consist of the malleus, incus, and stapes, are tiny bones in the middle ear that transmit sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to the oval window. The tympanic membrane vibrates in response to sound waves, and these vibrations are then transferred to the ossicles. The ossicles amplify and transmit the vibrations to the oval window, which is a membrane-covered opening that leads to the inner ear. From there, the vibrations are further transmitted to the fluid-filled cochlea, where they are converted into electrical signals that are sent to the brain for interpretation.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A structure that allows the middle ear to communicate with the nasopharynx is the
- A.
Pharyngotympanic tube
- B.
Pinna
- C.
Membranous labyrinth
- D.
Bony labyrinth
- E.
Auditory meatus
Correct Answer
A. Pharyngotympanic tubeExplanation
The pharyngotympanic tube, also known as the Eustachian tube, is a structure that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. This tube plays a crucial role in equalizing the pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere, allowing the eardrum to vibrate properly. It also helps in draining fluids from the middle ear, preventing the buildup of fluid and the risk of infection. Therefore, the pharyngotympanic tube is the correct answer as it is the structure that allows communication between the middle ear and the nasopharynx.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The basic receptors in the inner ear are the
- A.
Hair cells
- B.
Utricles
- C.
Saccules
- D.
Ampullae
- E.
Supporting cells
Correct Answer
A. Hair cellsExplanation
The basic receptors in the inner ear are the hair cells. These specialized cells are responsible for converting sound vibrations and head movements into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. Hair cells have tiny hair-like projections called stereocilia that bend in response to sound waves or movement, triggering the release of neurotransmitters and sending signals to the brain. This allows us to perceive and interpret sounds and maintain our sense of balance.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Movement of the cupula in the ampullae of the semicircular canals
- A.
Allows us to hear sounds
- B.
Produces sound
- C.
Stimulates hair cells alerting us to a change in body position with respect to gravity
- D.
Stimulates hair cells alerting us to rotational movements
- E.
Allows us to perceive linear acceleration
Correct Answer
C. Stimulates hair cells alerting us to a change in body position with respect to gravityExplanation
The movement of the cupula in the ampullae of the semicircular canals stimulates hair cells, which then send signals to the brain. This stimulation alerts us to a change in body position with respect to gravity. The semicircular canals are responsible for detecting rotational movements, not linear acceleration or the perception of sound. Therefore, the correct answer is that the movement of the cupula stimulates hair cells, alerting us to a change in body position with respect to gravity.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The following is a list of the steps that occur in the production of an auditory sensation 1. The pressure wave distorts the basilar membrane on its way to the round window 2. Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the malleus 3. Displacement of the stereocilia stimulates sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve 4. Movement of the malleus causes movement of the incus and stapes 5. Distortion of the basilar membrane forces the hair cells of the organ of Corti toward or away from the tectorial membrane 6. Movement of hte oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph of the vestibular duct The proper sequence for these steps is:
- A.
2, 4, 6, 3, 5, 1
- B.
2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3
- C.
2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 3
- D.
2, 5, 4, 6, 1, 3
- E.
2, 1, 4, 6, 5, 3
Correct Answer
B. 2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3Explanation
The correct sequence of steps in the production of an auditory sensation is as follows:
1. Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the malleus (step 2).
2. Movement of the malleus causes movement of the incus and stapes (step 4).
3. Movement of the oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph of the vestibular duct (step 6).
4. Distortion of the basilar membrane forces the hair cells of the organ of Corti toward or away from the tectorial membrane (step 5).
5. The pressure wave distorts the basilar membrane on its way to the round window (step 1).
6. Displacement of the stereocilia stimulates sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve (step 3).Rate this question:
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- 24.
_____________ deafness results from conditions in the middle ear that block the normal transfer of vibration from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
Correct Answer
ConductionExplanation
Conduction deafness occurs when there are issues in the middle ear that prevent the normal transmission of sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. This can be caused by conditions such as a blockage in the ear canal, a damaged eardrum, or problems with the tiny bones in the middle ear. As a result, sound waves are not effectively conducted to the cochlea, leading to hearing loss.Rate this question:
- 25.
After an injury, Paul finds that he has a difficult time recognizing and interpreting certain sounds. He is still able to hear and his acoustic reflexes are normal. These symptoms imply damage to the
- A.
Inferior colliculus
- B.
Auditory cortex
- C.
Cochlear nucleus
- D.
Cochlear nerve
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
B. Auditory cortexExplanation
Paul's difficulty in recognizing and interpreting certain sounds, despite being able to hear and having normal acoustic reflexes, suggests damage to the auditory cortex. The auditory cortex is responsible for processing and interpreting auditory information, so damage to this area would result in difficulties in recognizing and interpreting sounds. The other options (inferior colliculus, cochlear nucleus, and cochlear nerve) are not responsible for higher-level processing and interpretation of sounds, so damage to these areas would not explain Paul's symptoms.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Apr 30, 2011Quiz Created by
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