Grile Materiale

1. 23. Relaţia m/V determina:

a) compactitatea;

b) porozitatea;

c) densitatea;

d) greutatea specifica;

e) volumul de goluri.

The relationship m/V refers to the ratio of mass to volume, which is known as density. Density is a measure of how much mass is contained within a given volume. Therefore, the correct answer is c) densitatea.

Explanation

The relationship m/V refers to the ratio of mass to volume, which is known as density. Density is a measure of how much mass is contained within a given volume. Therefore, the correct answer is c) densitatea.

2. 2. Forţa cu care un corp este atras de pămant datorită acceleraţiei gravitaţionale determină:

a) masa corpului;

b) greutatea corpului;

c) volumul real al corpului;

d) volumul aparent al corpului;

The force with which a body is attracted to the Earth due to gravitational acceleration determines its weight. Weight is a measure of the force of gravity acting on an object, and it is dependent on the mass of the object and the acceleration due to gravity. The greater the mass of an object, the greater its weight will be. Similarly, the greater the acceleration due to gravity, the greater the weight of the object will be. Therefore, the correct answer is b) greutatea corpului (the weight of the body).

Explanation

The force with which a body is attracted to the Earth due to gravitational acceleration determines its weight. Weight is a measure of the force of gravity acting on an object, and it is dependent on the mass of the object and the acceleration due to gravity. The greater the mass of an object, the greater its weight will be. Similarly, the greater the acceleration due to gravity, the greater the weight of the object will be. Therefore, the correct answer is b) greutatea corpului (the weight of the body).

3. 95. Sclerometrul cu recul se utilizează la:

a) metoda ultrasonică;

b) metoda cu amprentă;

c) metoda cu neutroni;

d) metoda cu recul;

e) metoda de rezonanţă.

The correct answer is d) metoda cu recul. The sclerometer with recoil is used in the recoil method.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) metoda cu recul. The sclerometer with recoil is used in the recoil method.

4. 29. Totalitatea spaţiilor existente între granulele care formează o grămadă determină:

a) volumul de goluri;

b) compactitatea;

c) densitatea;

d) greutatea specifică;

e) porozitatea.

The correct answer is a) volumul de goluri. The spaces between the grains in a pile determine the volume of voids or empty spaces within the pile. This is important in understanding the overall structure and density of the pile.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) volumul de goluri. The spaces between the grains in a pile determine the volume of voids or empty spaces within the pile. This is important in understanding the overall structure and density of the pile.

5. 105. Prin biografia betonului se înţelege:

a) informaţii în legătură cu modul de rezemare al epruvetelor;

b) informaţii în legătură cu forma epruvetelor;

c) informaţii în legătură cu tehnologia de preparare;

d) informaţii în legătură cu compoziţia betonului şi condiţiile de păstrare;

e) informaţii în legătură cu gradul de agresivitate.

The correct answer (d) states that the biography of concrete refers to information about the composition of concrete and the conditions for its storage. This means that the biography of concrete includes details about the ingredients used in making concrete, such as cement, aggregates, and water, as well as the proportions in which they are mixed. It also includes information about how the concrete should be stored to maintain its quality and durability. This information is important for understanding the characteristics and properties of concrete and ensuring its proper use and longevity.

Explanation

The correct answer (d) states that the biography of concrete refers to information about the composition of concrete and the conditions for its storage. This means that the biography of concrete includes details about the ingredients used in making concrete, such as cement, aggregates, and water, as well as the proportions in which they are mixed. It also includes information about how the concrete should be stored to maintain its quality and durability. This information is important for understanding the characteristics and properties of concrete and ensuring its proper use and longevity.

6. 44. Proprietatea materialelor de a lăsa să treacă o anumită cantitate de vapori printr-o suprafaţă determinată, într-un interval de timp dat, la presiune şi temperatură constantă, determină:

a) permeabilitatea la apă;

b) permeabilitatea la aer;

c) permeabilitatea la vapori;

d) capilaritatea;

e) gelivitatea.

The given correct answer for this question is c) permeabilitatea la vapori. This refers to the ability of materials to allow a certain amount of vapors to pass through a specific surface within a given time interval, at constant pressure and temperature. It is different from permeability to water (a), which refers to the ability of materials to allow water to pass through them, and permeability to air (b), which refers to the ability of materials to allow air to pass through them. Capillarity (d) refers to the ability of liquids to flow in narrow spaces against the force of gravity, and gelivitatea (e) refers to the susceptibility of materials to frost damage.

Explanation

The given correct answer for this question is c) permeabilitatea la vapori. This refers to the ability of materials to allow a certain amount of vapors to pass through a specific surface within a given time interval, at constant pressure and temperature. It is different from permeability to water (a), which refers to the ability of materials to allow water to pass through them, and permeability to air (b), which refers to the ability of materials to allow air to pass through them. Capillarity (d) refers to the ability of liquids to flow in narrow spaces against the force of gravity, and gelivitatea (e) refers to the susceptibility of materials to frost damage.

7. 74. Cu relaţia R_c = P/A se determină;

a) rezistenţa la întindere axială;

b) rezistenţa la întindere prin încovoiere;

c) rezistenţa la compresiune;

d) rezistenţa la oboseală;

e) rezistenţa la rupere.

The given relationship Rc = P/A is used to determine the resistance to compression. This equation relates the applied force (P) to the cross-sectional area (A) of the material. By calculating the ratio of the applied force to the cross-sectional area, we can determine the resistance to compression, which is the ability of a material to withstand compressive forces without deformation or failure.

Explanation

The given relationship Rc = P/A is used to determine the resistance to compression. This equation relates the applied force (P) to the cross-sectional area (A) of the material. By calculating the ratio of the applied force to the cross-sectional area, we can determine the resistance to compression, which is the ability of a material to withstand compressive forces without deformation or failure.

8. 99. Reculul sclerometrului se înregistrează în cazul:

a) metodei acustice;

b) metodei mecanice cu amprentă;

c) metodei mecanice cu recul;

d) metodelor atomice;

e) metodelor cu neutroni.

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Explanation

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9. 39. Proprietatea materialelor de a lăsa să treacă o anumită cantitate de aer printr-o suprafaţă determinată, într-un interval de timp dat, la presiune şi temperatură constantă, determină:

a) permeabilitatea la apă;

b) permeabilitatea la aer;

c) permeabilitatea la vapori;

d) capilaritatea;

e) gelivitatea.

The given question is asking about the property of materials to allow a certain amount of air to pass through a specific surface in a given time interval, at constant pressure and temperature. This property is known as permeability to air. Therefore, the correct answer is b) permeabilitatea la aer.

Explanation

The given question is asking about the property of materials to allow a certain amount of air to pass through a specific surface in a given time interval, at constant pressure and temperature. This property is known as permeability to air. Therefore, the correct answer is b) permeabilitatea la aer.

10. 78. Cu presa hidraulică, pe cuburi, se determină;

a) rezistenţa la întindere axială;

b) rezistenţa la întindere prin încovoiere;

c) rezistenţa la compresiune;

d) rezistenţa la oboseală;

e) rezistenţa la rupere.

The hydraulic press is commonly used to determine the resistance to compression. By applying pressure to the cubes, the hydraulic press can measure the ability of the material to withstand compressive forces. This method is often used in materials testing to evaluate the strength and durability of materials under compression. Therefore, the correct answer is c) rezistenţa la compresiune (resistance to compression).

Explanation

The hydraulic press is commonly used to determine the resistance to compression. By applying pressure to the cubes, the hydraulic press can measure the ability of the material to withstand compressive forces. This method is often used in materials testing to evaluate the strength and durability of materials under compression. Therefore, the correct answer is c) rezistenţa la compresiune (resistance to compression).

11. 205. Pentru a fi acceptat, un agregat trebuie să respecte urmatoarea(rele) conditii cu privire la forma:

a) b/a >= 0,66;

b) c/a >= 0,33;

c) b/a >= 0,66 şi c/a >= 0,33;

d) b/a >= 0,60;

e) c/a >= 0,30;

The correct answer is c) b/a >= 0,66 şi c/a >= 0,33. This means that for an aggregate to be accepted, it must meet both conditions: the ratio of b to a must be greater than or equal to 0.66, and the ratio of c to a must be greater than or equal to 0.33.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) b/a >= 0,66 şi c/a >= 0,33. This means that for an aggregate to be accepted, it must meet both conditions: the ratio of b to a must be greater than or equal to 0.66, and the ratio of c to a must be greater than or equal to 0.33.

12. 92. Sclerometrul cu amprentă se utilizează la:

a) metoda ultrasonică;

b) metoda cu amprentă;

c) metoda cu neutroni;

d) metoda cu recul;

e) metoda de rezonanţă.

The correct answer is b) metoda cu amprentă. The sclerometer with imprint is used in the imprint method.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) metoda cu amprentă. The sclerometer with imprint is used in the imprint method.

13. 103. In cazul metodelor nedistructive, coeficientul de etalonare este obligatoriu a corecta mărimea înregistrată de aparat, pentru că:

a) aparatul e uzat moral;

b) aparatul este defect;

c) în timp, aparatul se decalibrează;

d) nu se dispune de aparatul corespunzător metodei;

e) proba nu e bine curăţată.

Over time, non-destructive methods can become inaccurate because the instrument used for measurement may become misaligned or lose calibration. This can result in incorrect readings being recorded.

Explanation

Over time, non-destructive methods can become inaccurate because the instrument used for measurement may become misaligned or lose calibration. This can result in incorrect readings being recorded.

14. 55. In funcţie de frecvenţa cu care acţionează şi intensitate, acţiunile se împart în:

a) permanente, temporare, excepţionale;

b) permanente, temporare;

c) temporare, excepţionale;

d) permanente, exceptionale;

e) permanente, vant, zăpadă.

The correct answer is a) permanente, temporare, excepţionale. This is because the actions can be categorized based on their frequency and intensity. Permanent actions are those that occur continuously or regularly, while temporary actions are those that occur for a limited period of time. Exceptional actions are those that occur rarely or under special circumstances. Therefore, these three categories cover the different types of actions based on their frequency and intensity.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) permanente, temporare, excepţionale. This is because the actions can be categorized based on their frequency and intensity. Permanent actions are those that occur continuously or regularly, while temporary actions are those that occur for a limited period of time. Exceptional actions are those that occur rarely or under special circumstances. Therefore, these three categories cover the different types of actions based on their frequency and intensity.

15. 203. Impurităţile care se pot îndepărta prin spălarea agregatelor determină:

a) continutul de mică liberă;

b) continutul de carbune;

c) humusul;

d) parţile levigabile;

e) înfoierea nisipului.

The correct answer is d) parţile levigabile. This means that the impurities that can be removed by washing the aggregates are the leachable parts.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) parţile levigabile. This means that the impurities that can be removed by washing the aggregates are the leachable parts.

16. 14. Volumul real pentru un corp compact cu formă geometrică regulată se calculează cu relaţia:

a) V = L x l x h;

b) Va = L x l x h;

c) V = 25 – Vs;

d) V = Vf – Vi;

e) Va = Vf – Vi - m2-m1/Pp

The correct answer is a) V = L x l x h. This formula calculates the volume of a compact body with a regular geometric shape. The variables L, l, and h represent the length, width, and height of the body respectively. By multiplying these three dimensions together, we can find the volume of the body.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) V = L x l x h. This formula calculates the volume of a compact body with a regular geometric shape. The variables L, l, and h represent the length, width, and height of the body respectively. By multiplying these three dimensions together, we can find the volume of the body.

17. 70. Cu relaţia R_ti = 3/2 x Pl/bh^2 se determină;

a) rezistenţa la întindere axială;

b) rezistenţa la întindere prin încovoiere (rezistenta la încovoiere);

c) rezistenţa la compresiune;

d) rezistenţa la oboseală;

e) rezistenţa la rupere.

The given equation Rti = 3/2 x Pl/bh^2 is used to determine the resistance to bending (rezistenta la încovoiere).

Explanation

The given equation Rti = 3/2 x Pl/bh^2 is used to determine the resistance to bending (rezistenta la încovoiere).

18. 97. Timpul în care ultrasunetele străbat proba (între cei doi palpatori), exprimat în ms, se înregistrează în cazul utilizării:

a) metodei acustice;

b) metodei mecanice cu amprentă;

c) metodei mecanice cu recul;

d) metodelor atomice;

e) metodelor cu neutroni.

The correct answer is a) metodei acustice (acoustic method). Ultrasound waves travel through the sample in milliseconds when using the acoustic method. This method relies on the transmission and reception of sound waves to gather information about the sample being tested.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) metodei acustice (acoustic method). Ultrasound waves travel through the sample in milliseconds when using the acoustic method. This method relies on the transmission and reception of sound waves to gather information about the sample being tested.

19. 37. Proprietatea materialelor de a lăsa să treacă o anumită cantitate de apă printr-o suprafaţă determinată, într-un interval de timp dat, la presiune şi temperatură constantă, determină:

a) permeabilitatea la apă;

b) permeabilitatea la aer;

c) permeabilitatea la vapori;

d) capilaritatea;

e) gelivitatea.

The given correct answer, a) permeabilitatea la apă, is the most fitting explanation for the question. The question asks about the property of materials that allows a certain amount of water to pass through a specific surface in a given time interval, at constant pressure and temperature. This property is known as permeability to water. The other options, such as permeability to air, permeability to vapors, capillarity, and frost resistance (gelivitatea), do not directly relate to the described property of allowing water to pass through a surface. Therefore, the correct answer is a) permeabilitatea la apă.

Explanation

The given correct answer, a) permeabilitatea la apă, is the most fitting explanation for the question. The question asks about the property of materials that allows a certain amount of water to pass through a specific surface in a given time interval, at constant pressure and temperature. This property is known as permeability to water. The other options, such as permeability to air, permeability to vapors, capillarity, and frost resistance (gelivitatea), do not directly relate to the described property of allowing water to pass through a surface. Therefore, the correct answer is a) permeabilitatea la apă.

20. 149. Produsele de balastierã sunt :

a) piatra brutã ;

b) piatra prelucratã sub formã de moloane , piatrã de talie ;

c) pavele , calupuri , borduri ;

d) nisip , pietriş , bolovani şi balast ;

e) treaptã , contratreaptã , solbanc , glaf , plintã , dale etc.

The correct answer is d) nisip, pietriş, bolovani şi balast. This is because these materials are commonly found in quarries and are used in construction and road building. Nisip refers to sand, pietriş refers to gravel, bolovani refers to boulders, and balast refers to ballast. These materials are essential for providing stability and support in various construction projects.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) nisip, pietriş, bolovani şi balast. This is because these materials are commonly found in quarries and are used in construction and road building. Nisip refers to sand, pietriş refers to gravel, bolovani refers to boulders, and balast refers to ballast. These materials are essential for providing stability and support in various construction projects.

21. 127. Cum se numeşte partea din scoarţa terestrã din care se exploateazã rocile naturale care stau la baza materialelor de construcţie sub formã de piatră naturală ?

a) atmosferă;

b) biosferă;

c) litosferă;

d) stratosferă;

e) rockosferă

The correct answer is c) litosferă. The term "litosferă" refers to the outermost solid shell of the Earth, which includes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. This is the part of the Earth where natural rocks that are used as construction materials, such as natural stone, are found and extracted. The other options, such as the atmosphere, biosphere, stratosphere, and rockosferă, do not specifically refer to the part of the Earth's crust where these rocks are located.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) litosferă. The term "litosferă" refers to the outermost solid shell of the Earth, which includes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. This is the part of the Earth where natural rocks that are used as construction materials, such as natural stone, are found and extracted. The other options, such as the atmosphere, biosphere, stratosphere, and rockosferă, do not specifically refer to the part of the Earth's crust where these rocks are located.

22. 75. Pe cuburi şi capete de prismă, la presa hidraulică se determină:

a) rezistenţa la întindere axială;

b) rezistenţa la întindere prin încovoiere;

c) rezistenţa la compresiune;

d) rezistenţa la oboseală;

e) rezistenţa la rupere.

The correct answer is c) rezistenţa la compresiune. The hydraulic press is used to determine the resistance to compression of cubes and prism heads.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) rezistenţa la compresiune. The hydraulic press is used to determine the resistance to compression of cubes and prism heads.

23. 156. Cum se numeşte partea din scoarţa terestrã din care se exploateazã rocile naturale care stau la baza materialelor de construcţie sub formã de piatră naturală ?

a) atmosferă;

b) biosferă;

c) litosferă;

d) stratosferă;

e) rockosferă.

The correct answer is c) litosferă. The term "litosferă" refers to the solid outer layer of the Earth, which includes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. This is the part of the Earth where natural rocks are found, including the stones used for construction materials. The other options, such as the atmosphere, biosphere, stratosphere, and rockosferă, do not specifically refer to the layer of the Earth where natural rocks are located.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) litosferă. The term "litosferă" refers to the solid outer layer of the Earth, which includes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. This is the part of the Earth where natural rocks are found, including the stones used for construction materials. The other options, such as the atmosphere, biosphere, stratosphere, and rockosferă, do not specifically refer to the layer of the Earth where natural rocks are located.

24. 59. După modul de acţiune, acţiunile pot fi:

a) statice, dinamice, ciclice;

b) dinamice, statice;

c) ciclice;

d) dinamice, ciclice;

e) statice, dinamice, utile.

The correct answer is a) statice, dinamice, ciclice. This answer suggests that actions can be classified into three categories based on their mode of operation. Static actions refer to actions that do not involve movement or change. Dynamic actions involve movement or change. Ciclic actions refer to actions that are repeated or occur in cycles. This classification helps to categorize and understand different types of actions based on their characteristics.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) statice, dinamice, ciclice. This answer suggests that actions can be classified into three categories based on their mode of operation. Static actions refer to actions that do not involve movement or change. Dynamic actions involve movement or change. Ciclic actions refer to actions that are repeated or occur in cycles. This classification helps to categorize and understand different types of actions based on their characteristics.

25. 64. Proprietatea unui material de a suporta eforturile interioare ce apar In structura lor sub acţiunea sarcinilor exterioare, determină:

a) rezistenţa electrică;

b) rezistenţa termică;

c) rezistenţa mecanică a unui material;

d) rezistenţa la permeabilitate;

e) rezistenţa la conducţia termica.

The correct answer is c) rezistenţa mecanică a unui material. This is because the property of a material to withstand internal forces that occur within their structure under the action of external loads is referred to as mechanical strength. It is a measure of the material's ability to resist deformation or failure when subjected to external forces or loads.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) rezistenţa mecanică a unui material. This is because the property of a material to withstand internal forces that occur within their structure under the action of external loads is referred to as mechanical strength. It is a measure of the material's ability to resist deformation or failure when subjected to external forces or loads.

26. 173. Agentii agresivi de natura fizica ce acţionează asupra pietrei naturale sunt:

a) microorganismele;

b) bioxidul de carbon, bioxidul de sulf;

c) apa, aerul;

d) vantul, curenţii turbionari;

e) temperatura.

The correct answer options c), d), and e) list various physical agents that can act on natural stone. Water and air can cause erosion and weathering over time, while wind and turbulent currents can also contribute to the physical breakdown of the stone. Additionally, temperature fluctuations can cause expansion and contraction, leading to cracking and other forms of damage. Therefore, these agents can all have aggressive effects on natural stone.

Explanation

The correct answer options c), d), and e) list various physical agents that can act on natural stone. Water and air can cause erosion and weathering over time, while wind and turbulent currents can also contribute to the physical breakdown of the stone. Additionally, temperature fluctuations can cause expansion and contraction, leading to cracking and other forms of damage. Therefore, these agents can all have aggressive effects on natural stone.

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27. 159. Agentii agresivi de natura fizica ce acţionează asupra pietrei naturale sunt:

a) microorganismele;

b) bioxidul de carbon, bioxidul de sulf;

c) apa, aerul;

d) vantul, curenţii turbionari;

e) temperatura.

The correct answer states that the aggressive agents that act on natural stone are water, air, wind, turbulent currents, and temperature. These agents can cause physical damage to the stone over time. Water and air can erode the surface of the stone, while wind and turbulent currents can cause mechanical stress. Temperature changes can also cause expansion and contraction of the stone, leading to cracks and fractures. Therefore, these factors can all contribute to the deterioration of natural stone.

Explanation

The correct answer states that the aggressive agents that act on natural stone are water, air, wind, turbulent currents, and temperature. These agents can cause physical damage to the stone over time. Water and air can erode the surface of the stone, while wind and turbulent currents can cause mechanical stress. Temperature changes can also cause expansion and contraction of the stone, leading to cracks and fractures. Therefore, these factors can all contribute to the deterioration of natural stone.

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28. 42. Proprietatea materialelor saturate cu apă de a rezista la actiunea repetată a îngheţului şi dezgheţului determină:

a) permeabilitatea la apă;

b) permeabilitatea la aer;

c) permeabilitatea la vapori;

d) capilaritatea;

e) gelivitatea.

The ability of water-saturated materials to resist the repeated action of freezing and thawing is known as gelivitatea. This term specifically refers to the ability of materials to withstand the physical stresses caused by the expansion of water when it freezes and the subsequent contraction when it thaws. Gelivitatea is an important property to consider in construction and engineering projects, as materials that are not resistant to freezing and thawing can deteriorate and become structurally compromised over time.

Explanation

The ability of water-saturated materials to resist the repeated action of freezing and thawing is known as gelivitatea. This term specifically refers to the ability of materials to withstand the physical stresses caused by the expansion of water when it freezes and the subsequent contraction when it thaws. Gelivitatea is an important property to consider in construction and engineering projects, as materials that are not resistant to freezing and thawing can deteriorate and become structurally compromised over time.

29. 183. Forma ideala a granulelor agregatelor este:

a) sferica;

b) rotunjita;

c) poliedrica;

d) lamelara

e) aciculara

The ideal form of aggregate grains is spherical. Spherical grains have a uniform shape and size, which allows for better packing and distribution of forces within the aggregate. This results in a stronger and more stable aggregate structure. Additionally, spherical grains have a lower surface area compared to other shapes, reducing the potential for water absorption and improving the overall durability of the aggregate.

Explanation

The ideal form of aggregate grains is spherical. Spherical grains have a uniform shape and size, which allows for better packing and distribution of forces within the aggregate. This results in a stronger and more stable aggregate structure. Additionally, spherical grains have a lower surface area compared to other shapes, reducing the potential for water absorption and improving the overall durability of the aggregate.

30. 164. Agentii agresivi de natura fizica ce acţionează asupra pietrei naturale sunt:

a) microorganismele;

b) bioxidul de carbon, bioxidul de sulf;

c) apa, aerul;

d) vantul, curenţii turbionari;

e) temperatura.

The correct answer is c) apa, aerul;, d) vantul, curenţii turbionari;, e) temperatura. Physical weathering agents that act on natural stone include water, air, wind, turbulent currents, and temperature. Water can cause erosion and dissolution of minerals in the stone, while air can contribute to chemical reactions that break down the stone. Wind and turbulent currents can physically abrade the surface of the stone, leading to its weathering. Temperature changes can also cause expansion and contraction of the stone, leading to cracking and disintegration over time.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) apa, aerul;, d) vantul, curenţii turbionari;, e) temperatura. Physical weathering agents that act on natural stone include water, air, wind, turbulent currents, and temperature. Water can cause erosion and dissolution of minerals in the stone, while air can contribute to chemical reactions that break down the stone. Wind and turbulent currents can physically abrade the surface of the stone, leading to its weathering. Temperature changes can also cause expansion and contraction of the stone, leading to cracking and disintegration over time.

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31. 58. Acţiunile care se aplică în mod continuu, cu o intensitate practic constanată în timp sunt acţiuni:

a) temporare;

b) permanente;

c) excepţionale;

d) utile;

e) eforturi.

Actions that are applied continuously, with a practically constant intensity over time, are called permanent actions.

Explanation

Actions that are applied continuously, with a practically constant intensity over time, are called permanent actions.

32. 117. Cantitatea de căldură necesară refacerii reţelei cristaline a solidului şi trecerii în stare solidă, determină;

a) capacitatea calorică;

b) căldura specifică la volum constant:

c) caldura specifica la presiune constantă;

d) căldura latentă de topire;

e) căldura latentă de solidificare.

The given question is asking about the quantity of heat required for the solid to reform its crystalline network and transition into a solid state. This process is known as solidification. Therefore, the correct answer is e) căldura latentă de solidificare, which refers to the heat energy absorbed or released during the solidification process.

Explanation

The given question is asking about the quantity of heat required for the solid to reform its crystalline network and transition into a solid state. This process is known as solidification. Therefore, the correct answer is e) căldura latentă de solidificare, which refers to the heat energy absorbed or released during the solidification process.

33. 11. Volumul aparent pentru un corp poros cu formă geometrică neregulată se calculează cu relaţia:

a) V = L x l x h;

b) Va = L x l x h;

c) V = 25 – Vs;

d) V = Vf – Vi;

e) Va = Vf – Vi - m2-m1/Pp

The correct answer is e) Va = Vf – Vi - m2-m1/Pp. This equation calculates the apparent volume for a porous body with an irregular geometric shape. It takes into account the final volume (Vf), the initial volume (Vi), and the difference in mass (m2-m1) divided by the density of the fluid (Pp). This equation considers the changes in volume and mass to determine the apparent volume of the porous body.

Explanation

The correct answer is e) Va = Vf – Vi - m2-m1/Pp. This equation calculates the apparent volume for a porous body with an irregular geometric shape. It takes into account the final volume (Vf), the initial volume (Vi), and the difference in mass (m2-m1) divided by the density of the fluid (Pp). This equation considers the changes in volume and mass to determine the apparent volume of the porous body.

34. 12. Pentru un material aflat în stare de vrac se determină:

a) densitatea aparentă;

b) densitatea reala;

c) densitatea in stivă;

d) densitatea în grămadă în stare afanată;

e) densitatea în grămadă în stare îndesată.

The correct answer is d) densitatea în grămadă în stare afanată; and e) densitatea în grămadă în stare îndesată. This is because when a material is in a loose or bulk state, it has a lower density compared to when it is compacted or densely packed. The density in a loose state is called "densitatea în grămadă în stare afanată" and the density in a compacted state is called "densitatea în grămadă în stare îndesată". These terms refer to the different levels of compaction or packing of the material, which affects its density.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) densitatea în grămadă în stare afanată; and e) densitatea în grămadă în stare îndesată. This is because when a material is in a loose or bulk state, it has a lower density compared to when it is compacted or densely packed. The density in a loose state is called "densitatea în grămadă în stare afanată" and the density in a compacted state is called "densitatea în grămadă în stare îndesată". These terms refer to the different levels of compaction or packing of the material, which affects its density.

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35. 69. Relaţia Tau= E x epsilon, descrie:

a) deformaţia plastică;

b) legea lui Hooke;

c) legea lui Avogadro;

d) deformaţia elastică;

e) deformaţia vascoasă.

The relationship Tau = E x epsilon describes the law of Hooke. This law states that the stress (Tau) applied to a material is directly proportional to the strain (epsilon) it produces, within the elastic limit of the material. In other words, the law of Hooke describes the linear relationship between stress and strain in an elastic material, where the material returns to its original shape after the stress is removed.

Explanation

The relationship Tau = E x epsilon describes the law of Hooke. This law states that the stress (Tau) applied to a material is directly proportional to the strain (epsilon) it produces, within the elastic limit of the material. In other words, the law of Hooke describes the linear relationship between stress and strain in an elastic material, where the material returns to its original shape after the stress is removed.

36. 186. Agregatele usoare poroase au r_ga :

a) mai mica decat 1200kg/m³

b) mai mare decat 1200kg/m³

c) mai mica decat 1800kg/m³

d) mai mare decat 1800kg/m³

e) egala cu 2500kg/m³

Lightweight porous aggregates have a density less than 1200kg/m³.

Explanation

Lightweight porous aggregates have a density less than 1200kg/m³.

37. 134. Rocile care iau naştere ca urmare a depunerilor succesive a produselor de eroziune se numesc :

a) roci sedimentare ;

b) roci holocristaline ;

c) roci eruptice ;

d) roci metamorfice ;

e) roci magmatice

Rocile care iau naştere ca urmare a depunerilor succesive a produselor de eroziune se numesc roci sedimentare. Aceste roci se formează prin acumularea și compactarea sedimentelor provenite din eroziunea și transportul altor roci. Aceste sedimente pot fi compuse din fragmente de roci preexistente, organisme marine sau precipitații chimice. Prin procesul de diageneză, sedimentele se transformă în roci sedimentare prin compactare și cimentare. Exemple de roci sedimentare includ nisipul, șisturile, calcarele și argilele.

Explanation

Rocile care iau naştere ca urmare a depunerilor succesive a produselor de eroziune se numesc roci sedimentare. Aceste roci se formează prin acumularea și compactarea sedimentelor provenite din eroziunea și transportul altor roci. Aceste sedimente pot fi compuse din fragmente de roci preexistente, organisme marine sau precipitații chimice. Prin procesul de diageneză, sedimentele se transformă în roci sedimentare prin compactare și cimentare. Exemple de roci sedimentare includ nisipul, șisturile, calcarele și argilele.

38. 165. Rocile care iau naştere ca urmare a depunerilor succesive a produselor de eroziune se numesc :

a) roci sedimentare ;

b) roci holocristaline ;

c) roci eruptice ;

d) roci metamorfice ;

e) roci magmatice.

Rocile sedimentare se formează prin depunerea succesivă a produselor de eroziune, cum ar fi sedimente, particule de roci sau organisme marine. Aceste materiale se acumulează în timp și sub presiunea stratului superior, se compactează și se cimentează pentru a forma roci sedimentare. Aceste roci pot conține fosile și alte indicii ale mediului în care s-au format, fiind importante pentru studierea istoriei geologice a Pământului.

Explanation

Rocile sedimentare se formează prin depunerea succesivă a produselor de eroziune, cum ar fi sedimente, particule de roci sau organisme marine. Aceste materiale se acumulează în timp și sub presiunea stratului superior, se compactează și se cimentează pentru a forma roci sedimentare. Aceste roci pot conține fosile și alte indicii ale mediului în care s-au format, fiind importante pentru studierea istoriei geologice a Pământului.

39. 200. Dupã densitatea în grãmadã , agregatele se clasificã în :

a) anorganice şi organice ;

b) naturale şi artificiale ;

c) grele compacte ( Pga>=1200kg/m³ ) şi uşoare poroase ( Pga

d) cu granule rotunjite , poliedrice , lamelare şi aciculare ;

e) cu granulozitate continuã , granulozitate discontinuã şi monogranulare

The correct answer is c) grele compacte (Pga>=1200kg/m³) şi uşoare poroase (Pga=1200kg/m³). This classification is based on the density of the aggregates. Aggregates with a density greater than or equal to 1200kg/m³ are classified as grele compacte, while aggregates with a density less than 1200kg/m³ are classified as uşoare poroase.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) grele compacte (Pga>=1200kg/m³) şi uşoare poroase (Pga=1200kg/m³). This classification is based on the density of the aggregates. Aggregates with a density greater than or equal to 1200kg/m³ are classified as grele compacte, while aggregates with a density less than 1200kg/m³ are classified as uşoare poroase.

40. 174. Ghipsul poate fi folosit in constructii la:

a) fabricarea ipsosului;

b) fabricarea cimentului, pentru reglarea timpului de priza;

c) obtinerea moloanelor;

d) obtinerea varului

e) obtinerea produselor ceramice

Ghipsul poate fi folosit în construcții pentru fabricarea ipsosului și pentru fabricarea cimentului, în scopul de a regla timpul de priză al acestuia.

Explanation

Ghipsul poate fi folosit în construcții pentru fabricarea ipsosului și pentru fabricarea cimentului, în scopul de a regla timpul de priză al acestuia.

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41. 118. Cantitatea de căldură necesară distrugerii reţei solidului şi trecerii în stare lichidă, determină:

a) capacitatea calorică;

b) căldura specifică la volum constant:

c) caldura specifica la presiune constantă;

d) căldura latentă de topire;

e) căldura latentă de solidificare

The correct answer is d) căldura latentă de topire. This is because the question asks about the quantity of heat required to destroy the solid lattice and transition it into a liquid state. This process is known as melting, and the heat required for this phase change is called the latent heat of fusion or melting. Therefore, the correct answer is the heat of fusion or căldura latentă de topire.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) căldura latentă de topire. This is because the question asks about the quantity of heat required to destroy the solid lattice and transition it into a liquid state. This process is known as melting, and the heat required for this phase change is called the latent heat of fusion or melting. Therefore, the correct answer is the heat of fusion or căldura latentă de topire.

42. 90. Cele mei vechi metode nedistructive sunt:

a) metodele acustice;

b) metodele mecanice;

c) metodele atomice;

d) metodele electro-magnetice;

e) metodele combinate.

The correct answer is b) metodele mecanice. This answer is correct because the question asks for the oldest non-destructive methods, and the term "mecanice" refers to mechanical methods. These methods involve using physical force or manipulation to examine materials without causing damage.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) metodele mecanice. This answer is correct because the question asks for the oldest non-destructive methods, and the term "mecanice" refers to mechanical methods. These methods involve using physical force or manipulation to examine materials without causing damage.

43. 163. Rocile care iau naştere ca urmare a depunerilor succesive a produselor de eroziune se numesc :

a) roci sedimentare ;

b) roci holocristaline ;

c) roci eruptice ;

d) roci metamorfice ;

e) roci magmatice

Rocile sedimentare se formează prin depunerea succesivă a produselor de eroziune, cum ar fi nisipul, lutul și pietrișul, care sunt transportate de apă sau de vânt și se acumulează în straturi. Aceste roci sunt caracterizate prin stratificare și pot conține fosile sau alte indicii ale mediului în care s-au format.

Explanation

Rocile sedimentare se formează prin depunerea succesivă a produselor de eroziune, cum ar fi nisipul, lutul și pietrișul, care sunt transportate de apă sau de vânt și se acumulează în straturi. Aceste roci sunt caracterizate prin stratificare și pot conține fosile sau alte indicii ale mediului în care s-au format.

44. 3. Spaţiul ocupat de un corp poros in starea sa normală, determină:

a) masa corpului;

b) greutatea corpului;

c) volumul real al corpului;

d) volumul aparent al corpului;

e) volumul în grămadă.

The correct answer is d) volumul aparent al corpului. This is because the space occupied by a porous body in its normal state refers to the volume that is observed or measured when the body is immersed in a fluid. This volume includes both the actual volume of the solid material as well as the volume of the empty spaces or pores within the body. Therefore, it is referred to as the apparent volume of the body.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) volumul aparent al corpului. This is because the space occupied by a porous body in its normal state refers to the volume that is observed or measured when the body is immersed in a fluid. This volume includes both the actual volume of the solid material as well as the volume of the empty spaces or pores within the body. Therefore, it is referred to as the apparent volume of the body.

45. 198. Prin analiza solutiei de 3% hidroxid de sodiu, după 24 ore, se apreciază:

a) continutul de mică liberă;

b) continutul de carbune;

c) humusul;

d) parţile levigabile;

e) înfoierea nisipului.

The correct answer is c) humusul. This is because the question is asking about the analysis of a 3% sodium hydroxide solution after 24 hours, and the term "humusul" refers to humus, which is a dark organic material that forms in soil as a result of the decomposition of plant and animal matter. Therefore, the analysis of the solution would likely involve determining the presence or concentration of humus.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) humusul. This is because the question is asking about the analysis of a 3% sodium hydroxide solution after 24 hours, and the term "humusul" refers to humus, which is a dark organic material that forms in soil as a result of the decomposition of plant and animal matter. Therefore, the analysis of the solution would likely involve determining the presence or concentration of humus.

46. 170. Alegeti definitia corecta pentru minerale:

a) compuşi chimici sub formă de roci cu structurã cristalinã ;

b) compuşi chimici sub formã de aglomerãri cu structurã cristalinã , foarte rar amorfã ;

c) mase minerale ce conţin unul sau mai multe minerale ;

d) substanţe chimice cu compoziţie bine definitã

e) materiale de construcţii care se gãsesc în naturã sub formã de roci .

The correct answer is d) substanţe chimice cu compoziţie bine definită. This is because minerals are chemical substances that have a specific and well-defined composition. They are not necessarily in the form of rocks or aggregates, and they may or may not have a crystalline structure. The definition of minerals does not include the presence of multiple minerals or their use as construction materials.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) substanţe chimice cu compoziţie bine definită. This is because minerals are chemical substances that have a specific and well-defined composition. They are not necessarily in the form of rocks or aggregates, and they may or may not have a crystalline structure. The definition of minerals does not include the presence of multiple minerals or their use as construction materials.

47. 16. Pentru un material compact se determină:

a) densitatea aparentă;

b) densitatea reala;

c) densitatea in stivă;

d) densitatea în grămadă în stare afanată;

e) densitatea în grămadă în stare îndesată.

The correct answer is b) densitatea reala. Densitatea reala se refera la masa unei unitati de volum a unui material compact. Aceasta masoara cat de multa masa este concentrata intr-un anumit volum al materialului. Densitatea reala se calculeaza impartind masa materialului la volumul ocupat de acesta.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) densitatea reala. Densitatea reala se refera la masa unei unitati de volum a unui material compact. Aceasta masoara cat de multa masa este concentrata intr-un anumit volum al materialului. Densitatea reala se calculeaza impartind masa materialului la volumul ocupat de acesta.

48. 18. Volumul real in cazul unui material sub formă de pulbere, utilizand metoda picnometrului, se determină cu relaţia:

a) V = L x l x h;

b) Va = L x l x h;

c) V = 25 – Vs;

d) V = Vf – Vi;

e) Va = Vf – Vi - m2--m1/Pp

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Explanation

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49. 19. Pentru un material poros de determină:

a) densitatea aparentă;

b) densitatea reala;

c) densitatea in stivă;

d) densitatea în grămadă în stare afanată;

e) densitatea în grămadă în stare îndesată.

The question asks for the determination of the density of a porous material. The correct answer is option a) densitatea aparentă, which translates to apparent density. Apparent density refers to the mass of a material divided by its total volume, including the volume of any pores or voids within the material. This is the appropriate measure of density for a porous material as it takes into account the empty spaces within it.

Explanation

The question asks for the determination of the density of a porous material. The correct answer is option a) densitatea aparentă, which translates to apparent density. Apparent density refers to the mass of a material divided by its total volume, including the volume of any pores or voids within the material. This is the appropriate measure of density for a porous material as it takes into account the empty spaces within it.

50. 71. Solicitarea unui material cu forţe de aceeaşi direcţie, dar de sens contrat, care are ca efect alungirea acestora, în lungul axei de simetrie, reprezintă:

a) încercarea la compresiune;

b) încercarea la întindere axială;

c) încercarea la întindere prin încovoiere;

d) încercarea la rupere;

e) încercarea la oboseală.

The correct answer is b) încercarea la întindere axială. This is because the question describes a situation where a material is subjected to forces of the same direction but opposite sense, resulting in elongation along the axis of symmetry. This is characteristic of tensile or axial stretching, where the material is being pulled apart along its length.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) încercarea la întindere axială. This is because the question describes a situation where a material is subjected to forces of the same direction but opposite sense, resulting in elongation along the axis of symmetry. This is characteristic of tensile or axial stretching, where the material is being pulled apart along its length.

51. 57. Acţiunile care variază sensibil în raport cu timpul (pot să lipsească în anumite intervale de timp) se numesc acţiuni:

a) temporare;

b) permanente;

c) excepţionale;

d) utile;

e) eforturi.

The correct answer is "a) temporare." The question asks for the term that describes actions that vary significantly over time and may be absent during certain intervals. The term "temporare" fits this description as it refers to temporary actions that are not constant or permanent.

Explanation

The correct answer is "a) temporare." The question asks for the term that describes actions that vary significantly over time and may be absent during certain intervals. The term "temporare" fits this description as it refers to temporary actions that are not constant or permanent.

52. 166. Ghipsul poate fi folosit in constructii la:

a) fabricarea ipsosului;

b) fabricarea cimentului, pentru reglarea timpului de priza;

c) obtinerea moloanelor;

d) obtinerea varului

e) obtinerea produselor ceramice

Ghipsul poate fi utilizat în construcții pentru fabricarea ipsosului și a cimentului, pentru reglarea timpului de priză. De asemenea, poate fi utilizat pentru obținerea moloanelor și a varului. Deși nu este menționat în întrebare, ghipsul poate fi, de asemenea, utilizat în obținerea produselor ceramice, fiind folosit ca agent de legare sau ca material de umplutură.

Explanation

Ghipsul poate fi utilizat în construcții pentru fabricarea ipsosului și a cimentului, pentru reglarea timpului de priză. De asemenea, poate fi utilizat pentru obținerea moloanelor și a varului. Deși nu este menționat în întrebare, ghipsul poate fi, de asemenea, utilizat în obținerea produselor ceramice, fiind folosit ca agent de legare sau ca material de umplutură.

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53. 178. Dupã natura chimicã şi origine , agregatele sunt :

a) anorganice şi organice ;

b) grele compacte ( Pga>=1200kg/m³ ) şi uşoare poroase ( Pga

c) cu granule rotunjite , poliedrice , lamelare şi aciculare ;

d) cu granulozitate continuã , granulozitate discontinuã şi monogranulare .

e) nisip , pietriş , bolovani şi balast ;

Agregatele (aggregates) are classified based on their chemical nature and origin. They can be either inorganic or organic.

Explanation

Agregatele (aggregates) are classified based on their chemical nature and origin. They can be either inorganic or organic.

54. 152. Ghipsul poate fi folosit in constructii la:

a) fabricarea ipsosului;

b) fabricarea cimentului, pentru reglarea timpului de priza;

c) obtinerea moloanelor;

d) obtinerea varului

e) obtinerea produselor ceramice.

Ghipsul poate fi folosit în construcții pentru fabricarea ipsosului și a cimentului, pentru a regla timpul de priză.

Explanation

Ghipsul poate fi folosit în construcții pentru fabricarea ipsosului și a cimentului, pentru a regla timpul de priză.

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55. 32. In cazul unui material cu umiditate 0% in stare naturala, cu relatia mu-m/Va 100 % se poate calcula:

a) umiditatea relativă;

b) umiditatea absoluta;

c) absorbtia de apă în masă;

d) absorbţia de apă în volum;

e) capilaritatea.

The given answer is d) absorbţia de apă în volum because the relationship mu-m/Va is used to calculate the water absorption in volume. This relationship represents the ratio between the mass of water absorbed (m) and the volume of the material (Va). Therefore, it is used to determine the amount of water that can be absorbed by a material in its natural state with 0% moisture content.

Explanation

The given answer is d) absorbţia de apă în volum because the relationship mu-m/Va is used to calculate the water absorption in volume. This relationship represents the ratio between the mass of water absorbed (m) and the volume of the material (Va). Therefore, it is used to determine the amount of water that can be absorbed by a material in its natural state with 0% moisture content.

56. 126. Alegeti definitia corecta pentru minerale:

a)compuşi chimici sub formă de roci cu structurã cristalinã ;

b)compuşi chimici sub formã de aglomerãri cu structurã cristalinã , foarte rar amorfã ;

c)mase minerale ce conţin unul sau mai multe minerale ;

d)substanţe chimice cu compoziţie bine definitã

e)materiale de construcţii care se gãsesc în naturã sub formã de roci .

The correct answer is d)substanţe chimice cu compoziţie bine definitã. This answer accurately describes minerals as substances with a well-defined chemical composition.

Explanation

The correct answer is d)substanţe chimice cu compoziţie bine definitã. This answer accurately describes minerals as substances with a well-defined chemical composition.

57. 1. Cantitatea de substanţă existentă într-un corp determina:

a) masa corpului;

b) greutatea corpului;

c) volumul real al corpului;

d) volumul aparent al corpului;

e) volumul în grămadă.

The correct answer is a) masa corpului. The quantity of substance existing in a body determines its mass. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter an object contains, and it is independent of the object's location or gravitational pull. Therefore, the quantity of substance present in a body directly affects its mass.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) masa corpului. The quantity of substance existing in a body determines its mass. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter an object contains, and it is independent of the object's location or gravitational pull. Therefore, the quantity of substance present in a body directly affects its mass.

58. 4. Spaţiul ocupat de materialele aflate în vrac, determină:

a) masa corpului;

b) greutatea corpului;

c) volumul real al corpului;

d) volumul aparent al corpului;

e) volumul în grămadă.

The correct answer is e) volumul în grămadă. This is because when materials are in bulk, they do not occupy a fixed volume and can be piled up or compacted together, resulting in a volume that is measured as the volume in a heap or pile.

Explanation

The correct answer is e) volumul în grămadă. This is because when materials are in bulk, they do not occupy a fixed volume and can be piled up or compacted together, resulting in a volume that is measured as the volume in a heap or pile.

59. 68. In cazul în care efortul nu depăşeşte limita de elasticitate a materialului, în material apare deformaţia:

a) utilă;

b) excepţională;

c) elastică;

d) plastică;

e) vascoasă.

When the effort applied to a material does not exceed its elastic limit, the deformation that occurs in the material is considered elastic. Elastic deformation means that the material will return to its original shape and size once the applied force is removed. This is in contrast to plastic deformation, where the material undergoes permanent changes in shape and size.

Explanation

When the effort applied to a material does not exceed its elastic limit, the deformation that occurs in the material is considered elastic. Elastic deformation means that the material will return to its original shape and size once the applied force is removed. This is in contrast to plastic deformation, where the material undergoes permanent changes in shape and size.

60. 20. Volumul în grămadă pentru un material aflat în vrac se calculează cu relaţia:

a) L x l x h;

b) Vf – Vi;

c) Vf – Vi – Vp;

d) V + Vp + V gol;

e) 25- Vs.

The correct answer is d) V + Vp + V gol. This formula calculates the volume of a material in bulk. V represents the volume of the material, Vp represents the volume of any voids or air pockets within the material, and V gol represents the volume of any empty spaces or gaps. By adding these three components together, we can determine the total volume of the material in bulk.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) V + Vp + V gol. This formula calculates the volume of a material in bulk. V represents the volume of the material, Vp represents the volume of any voids or air pockets within the material, and V gol represents the volume of any empty spaces or gaps. By adding these three components together, we can determine the total volume of the material in bulk.

61. 22. Relatia G/V determina:

a) compactitatea;

b) porozitatea;

c) densitatea;

d) greutatea specifica;

e) volumul de goluri.

The relationship G/V determines the specific weight.

Explanation

The relationship G/V determines the specific weight.

62. 133. Rocile alcãtuite din minerale nearanjate ordonat în spaţiu se numesc :

a) roci cu texturã stratificatã ;

b) roci cu texturã neorientatã (masivã) ;

c) roci cu structurã holocristalinã ;

d) roci cu structurã hemicristalinã ;

e) roci cu texturã sistoasã .

The correct answer is b) roci cu texturã neorientatã (masivã). This answer states that rocks composed of minerals arranged in an orderly manner in space are called rocks with a non-oriented (massive) texture. This implies that the minerals in these rocks are not aligned or layered in any specific direction.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) roci cu texturã neorientatã (masivã). This answer states that rocks composed of minerals arranged in an orderly manner in space are called rocks with a non-oriented (massive) texture. This implies that the minerals in these rocks are not aligned or layered in any specific direction.

63. 104. Coeficientul de etalonare (în cazul metodelor nedistructive), corectează :

a) rezistenţele mecanice;

b) rezistenţa la compresiune;

c) factorul de maturitate;

d) mărimea citită pe aparatul utilizat;

e) biografia betonului.

The coefficient of calibration (in the case of non-destructive methods) corrects the reading on the used apparatus.

Explanation

The coefficient of calibration (in the case of non-destructive methods) corrects the reading on the used apparatus.

64. 38. Coeficientul de înmuiere al materialelor se determină cu relaţia:

a) Rumed/Ruscat;

b) Ruscat/Rumed;

c) (R1-R2)/R1;

d) R1/(R1-R2);

e) (m1-m2)/m1.

The correct answer is a) Rumed/Ruscat. The coefficient of friction is determined by dividing the force of friction (Rumed) by the normal force (Ruscat). This ratio gives us a measure of how difficult it is to slide one object over another.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) Rumed/Ruscat. The coefficient of friction is determined by dividing the force of friction (Rumed) by the normal force (Ruscat). This ratio gives us a measure of how difficult it is to slide one object over another.

65. 62. Sarcinile a căror intensitate variază în timp de la F_max – F_min – F_max, sunt acţiuni:

a) ciclice;

b) dinamice;

c) statice;

d) repetate;

e) utile.

The given question is in Romanian and it asks about the nature of tasks whose intensity varies over time from Fmax - Fmin - Fmax. The correct answer is "a) ciclice" which translates to "cyclic" in English. This means that the tasks are repetitive and occur in cycles.

Explanation

The given question is in Romanian and it asks about the nature of tasks whose intensity varies over time from Fmax - Fmin - Fmax. The correct answer is "a) ciclice" which translates to "cyclic" in English. This means that the tasks are repetitive and occur in cycles.

66. 120. Proprietatea unei substanţe de a cristaliza în două sau mai multe forme de cristalizare, se numeşte:

a) defect de structură;

b) polimorfism;

c) izomorfism;

d) dislocaţie;

e) distorsiune.

Polymorphism refers to the property of a substance to crystallize in two or more different crystal forms. This means that the substance can exist in multiple crystal structures, each with its own unique arrangement of atoms. Polymorphism is commonly observed in many materials, including minerals and pharmaceutical compounds. It is an important phenomenon in the study of materials science and can have significant implications for the properties and behavior of the substance in different forms.

Explanation

Polymorphism refers to the property of a substance to crystallize in two or more different crystal forms. This means that the substance can exist in multiple crystal structures, each with its own unique arrangement of atoms. Polymorphism is commonly observed in many materials, including minerals and pharmaceutical compounds. It is an important phenomenon in the study of materials science and can have significant implications for the properties and behavior of the substance in different forms.

67. 93. Dezavantajele metodelor nedistructive sunt:

a) determinările pot fi repetate pe acelasi element;

b) rezistentele sunt orientative;

c) pe acelasi element pot fi determinate mai multe caracteristici;

d) se pot utiliza „în situ”;

e) rezistentele au valori exacte.

The correct answer is b) rezistentele sunt orientative. This means that the resistances obtained through non-destructive methods are only indicative or approximate. They provide a general idea of the resistance but not the exact value.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) rezistentele sunt orientative. This means that the resistances obtained through non-destructive methods are only indicative or approximate. They provide a general idea of the resistance but not the exact value.

68. 123. Fenomenul care însumează absorbţia şi adsorbţia, se numeşte:

a) adsorbţie;

b) absorbţie;

c) sorbţie;

d) desorbţie;

e) chemiosorbţie.

The correct answer is c) sorbţie. The question is asking for the term that encompasses both absorption and adsorption. Sorbţie is the correct term for this phenomenon.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) sorbţie. The question is asking for the term that encompasses both absorption and adsorption. Sorbţie is the correct term for this phenomenon.

69. 56. Acţiunile care intervin la intervale mari de timp şi pot să nu apară pe durata de viaţă a unei construcţii, determină acţiunile:

a) temporare;

b) permanente;

c) excepţionale;

d) utile;

e) eforturi.

The correct answer is c) excepţionale. This is because the question is asking about actions that occur over long periods of time and may not occur during the lifespan of a construction. These types of actions are considered exceptional because they are not the norm or typical for a construction project.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) excepţionale. This is because the question is asking about actions that occur over long periods of time and may not occur during the lifespan of a construction. These types of actions are considered exceptional because they are not the norm or typical for a construction project.

70. 88. Masa de pulbere necesară pentru determinarea suprafeţei specifice prin metoda permebilimetrului Blaine se calculează cu relaţia:

a) m = P x V ( 1 - n);

b) m = P x V;

c) m = P x V ( 1 - niu);

d) m = P x V x K;

e) m = P x V x t;

The correct answer is a) m = P x V (1 - n). This equation is used to calculate the mass of powder needed to determine the specific surface area using the Blaine permeability method. The variables P and V represent the pressure and volume, respectively, while n represents the porosity. The equation takes into account the decrease in mass due to the presence of pores in the powder.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) m = P x V (1 - n). This equation is used to calculate the mass of powder needed to determine the specific surface area using the Blaine permeability method. The variables P and V represent the pressure and volume, respectively, while n represents the porosity. The equation takes into account the decrease in mass due to the presence of pores in the powder.

71. 148. Produsele de concasare sunt :

a) filer , ghips , nisip de concasare şi split ;

b) filer , nisip de concasare , calcar , savurã , split şi criblurã ;

c) filer , nisip de concasare , savurã , split , argilã , criblurã , piatrã spartã ;

d) filer , nisip de concasare , savurã , split, ghips , calcar , argilã şi macadam;

The correct answer is e) filer, nisip de concasare, savurã, split, criblurã obţinutã prin dublã concasare şi piatrã spartã. This option includes all the products of crushing, such as filer, nisip de concasare, savurã, split, criblurã obţinutã prin dublã concasare, and piatrã spartã. These products are obtained through the process of crushing and are commonly used in construction and building materials.

Explanation

The correct answer is e) filer, nisip de concasare, savurã, split, criblurã obţinutã prin dublã concasare şi piatrã spartã. This option includes all the products of crushing, such as filer, nisip de concasare, savurã, split, criblurã obţinutã prin dublã concasare, and piatrã spartã. These products are obtained through the process of crushing and are commonly used in construction and building materials.

72. 6. In cazul metodei volumului de lichid dizlocuit, in urma determinărilor de laborator se măsoară:

a) masa pulberii din biuretă;

b) volumul pulberii din biuretă;

c) volumul scurs din biuretă;

d) volumul initial si final din cilindrul gradat;

e) masa după parafinare.

The correct answer is d) volumul initial si final din cilindrul gradat. This is because the method of volumul de lichid dizlocuit, or the displacement method, involves measuring the initial and final volumes in a graduated cylinder. This method is commonly used to determine the volume of a solid object by measuring the change in volume of a liquid when the object is submerged in it. By measuring the initial and final volumes in the graduated cylinder, the volume of the solid object can be calculated.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) volumul initial si final din cilindrul gradat. This is because the method of volumul de lichid dizlocuit, or the displacement method, involves measuring the initial and final volumes in a graduated cylinder. This method is commonly used to determine the volume of a solid object by measuring the change in volume of a liquid when the object is submerged in it. By measuring the initial and final volumes in the graduated cylinder, the volume of the solid object can be calculated.

73. 199. Rumegusul de lemn, puzderia de in si canepa, cojile de orez si de copac sunt:

a) agregate anorganice naturale;

b) agregate anorganice artificiale;

c) agregate organice naturale;

d) agregate organice artificiale;

e) agregate de concasaj.

The given materials, such as wood shavings, flax and hemp fibers, rice and tree bark, are all natural organic materials. They are derived from living organisms or once-living materials, making them organic in nature. Therefore, the correct answer is c) agregate organice naturale.

Explanation

The given materials, such as wood shavings, flax and hemp fibers, rice and tree bark, are all natural organic materials. They are derived from living organisms or once-living materials, making them organic in nature. Therefore, the correct answer is c) agregate organice naturale.

74. 46. Temperatura la care concentraţia substanţelor organice (prin încălzire progresivă) a devenit destul de mare încat să se aprindă în contact cu o flacără, determină:

a) punctul de inflamabilitate;

b) punctul de aprindere;

c) punctul de înmuiere;

d) punctul de refractaritate;

e) punctul de topire.

The correct answer is b) punctul de aprindere. This is because the question is asking for the temperature at which the concentration of organic substances becomes high enough to ignite when in contact with a flame. The punctul de aprindere, or flash point, is the lowest temperature at which a substance can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) punctul de aprindere. This is because the question is asking for the temperature at which the concentration of organic substances becomes high enough to ignite when in contact with a flame. The punctul de aprindere, or flash point, is the lowest temperature at which a substance can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.

75. 47. Temperatura la care concentraţia substanţelor organice (prin încălzire progresivă) a devenit destul de mare încat să se aprindă în aer chiar şi în lipsa unei flacări, determină:

a) punctul de inflamabilitate;

b) punctul de aprindere;

c) punctul de înmuiere;

d) punctul de refractaritate;

e) punctul de topire.

The correct answer is a) punctul de inflamabilitate. The question asks for the temperature at which the concentration of organic substances becomes high enough to ignite in the air even without a flame. This is known as the flash point or the point of inflammability.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) punctul de inflamabilitate. The question asks for the temperature at which the concentration of organic substances becomes high enough to ignite in the air even without a flame. This is known as the flash point or the point of inflammability.

76. 49. Rezistenţa la transfer termic printr-un element de grosime d, este egala cu:

a) (d x b)/landa;

b) d/(b x landa);

c) (b x landa)/d;

d) (landa x b)/d;

e) landa/(b x d).

The correct answer is b) d/(b x landa). This answer is derived from the equation for thermal resistance, which is given by R = d/(kA), where R is the thermal resistance, d is the thickness of the element, k is the thermal conductivity, and A is the cross-sectional area of the element. In this case, the thermal conductivity (k) is represented by the Greek letter landa, and the cross-sectional area (A) is represented by b. Therefore, the correct answer is d/(b x landa).

Explanation

The correct answer is b) d/(b x landa). This answer is derived from the equation for thermal resistance, which is given by R = d/(kA), where R is the thermal resistance, d is the thickness of the element, k is the thermal conductivity, and A is the cross-sectional area of the element. In this case, the thermal conductivity (k) is represented by the Greek letter landa, and the cross-sectional area (A) is represented by b. Therefore, the correct answer is d/(b x landa).

77. 175. Prelucrarea mecanica a rocilor se realizeaza prin;

a) ardere in cuptoare la temperatura de 1200ºC;

b) concasare, sortare;

c) spalare, cioplire, slefuire;

d) acoperire cu pelicule protectoare;

e) buciardare.

The correct answer for this question is b) concasare, sortare;,c) spalare, cioplire, slefuire;,e) buciardare. This is because mechanical processing of rocks involves crushing and sorting them (concasare, sortare), as well as washing, chipping, and polishing them (spalare, cioplire, slefuire), and also using a technique called buciardare. These processes are commonly used in various industries, such as construction and mining, to prepare rocks for further use or extraction of valuable materials.

Explanation

The correct answer for this question is b) concasare, sortare;,c) spalare, cioplire, slefuire;,e) buciardare. This is because mechanical processing of rocks involves crushing and sorting them (concasare, sortare), as well as washing, chipping, and polishing them (spalare, cioplire, slefuire), and also using a technique called buciardare. These processes are commonly used in various industries, such as construction and mining, to prepare rocks for further use or extraction of valuable materials.

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78. 15. Volumul real pentru un corp cu formă geometrică neregulată se calculează cu relaţia:

a) V = L x l x h;

b) Va = L x l x h;

c) V = 25 – Vs;

d) V = Vf – Vi;

e) Va = Vf – Vi - m2-m1/Pp

The correct answer is d) V = Vf - Vi. This equation represents the calculation of the real volume for an irregularly shaped object. "Vf" represents the final volume, while "Vi" represents the initial volume. By subtracting the initial volume from the final volume, we can determine the actual volume of the object.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) V = Vf - Vi. This equation represents the calculation of the real volume for an irregularly shaped object. "Vf" represents the final volume, while "Vi" represents the initial volume. By subtracting the initial volume from the final volume, we can determine the actual volume of the object.

79. 61. Sarcinile aplicate brusc cu intensitatea lor finală şi care se menţin relativ un timp scurt, sunt acţiuni:

a) ciclice;

b) dinamice;

c) statice;

d) repetate;

e) utile.

The correct answer is b) dinamice. This is because the question states that the tasks are applied suddenly with their final intensity and they last for a relatively short time. This indicates that the tasks are dynamic in nature, as they involve sudden and intense actions that are not static or repetitive.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) dinamice. This is because the question states that the tasks are applied suddenly with their final intensity and they last for a relatively short time. This indicates that the tasks are dynamic in nature, as they involve sudden and intense actions that are not static or repetitive.

80. 172. Piatra ponce , scoria bazalticã şi tufurile vulcanice sunt roci :

a) magmatice intrusive ;

b) magmatice filoviene ;

c) magmatice efuzive ;

d) sedimentare detritice ;

e) sedimentare de precipitaţie .

The correct answer is c) magmatice efuzive. This is because piatra ponce, scoria bazaltică, and tufurile vulcanice are all types of volcanic rocks that are formed from magma that has erupted onto the Earth's surface. These rocks are characterized by their fine-grained texture and often contain gas bubbles or vesicles. They are formed through the rapid cooling and solidification of lava flows or volcanic ash.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) magmatice efuzive. This is because piatra ponce, scoria bazaltică, and tufurile vulcanice are all types of volcanic rocks that are formed from magma that has erupted onto the Earth's surface. These rocks are characterized by their fine-grained texture and often contain gas bubbles or vesicles. They are formed through the rapid cooling and solidification of lava flows or volcanic ash.

81. 176. Care este procentul aproximativ al agregatului în beton ?

a) 60-65 %

b) 80-85 %

c) 70-75 %

d) 75-80 %

e) 85-90 %

The correct answer is b) 80-85%. The question is asking for the approximate percentage of aggregate in concrete. Aggregate is a component of concrete that is made up of crushed stone, gravel, sand, or recycled concrete. It provides strength and stability to the concrete mixture. The approximate percentage of aggregate in concrete is typically between 80-85%.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) 80-85%. The question is asking for the approximate percentage of aggregate in concrete. Aggregate is a component of concrete that is made up of crushed stone, gravel, sand, or recycled concrete. It provides strength and stability to the concrete mixture. The approximate percentage of aggregate in concrete is typically between 80-85%.

82. 67. In cazul în care efortul depăşeşte limita de elasticitate a materialului se poate produce o deformaţie:

a) utilă;

b) excepţională;

c) elastică;

d) plastică;

e) vascoasă.

When the effort exceeds the elastic limit of the material, a plastic deformation can occur. This means that the material will not return to its original shape after the force is removed and will remain permanently deformed.

Explanation

When the effort exceeds the elastic limit of the material, a plastic deformation can occur. This means that the material will not return to its original shape after the force is removed and will remain permanently deformed.

83. 13. Volumul aparent pentru un corp poros cu formă geometrică regulată se calculează cu relaţia:

a) V = L x l x h;

b) Va = L x l x h;

c) V = 25 – Vs; Vf – Vi;

d) V =

e) Va = Vf – Vi - m2-m1/Pp

The correct answer is b) Va = L x l x h. This formula calculates the apparent volume for a porous body with a regular geometric shape. The variables L, l, and h represent the length, width, and height of the body respectively. By multiplying these three dimensions together, we can determine the apparent volume of the body.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) Va = L x l x h. This formula calculates the apparent volume for a porous body with a regular geometric shape. The variables L, l, and h represent the length, width, and height of the body respectively. By multiplying these three dimensions together, we can determine the apparent volume of the body.

84. 17. Masa unităţii de volum determină:

a) greutatea unui corp;

b) densitatea corpului;

c) greutatea specifică;

d) porozitatea;

e) compactitatea.

The correct answer is b) densitatea corpului. The unit of volume determines the density of a body. Density is defined as the mass of an object divided by its volume. Therefore, the unit of volume is directly related to the determination of an object's density.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) densitatea corpului. The unit of volume determines the density of a body. Density is defined as the mass of an object divided by its volume. Therefore, the unit of volume is directly related to the determination of an object's density.

85. 21. Greutatea unităţii de volum determină:

a) volumul de goluri;

b) compactitatea;

c) densitatea;

d) greutatea specifică;

e) porozitatea.

The correct answer is d) greutatea specifică. Greutatea specifică refers to the weight of a unit volume of a substance. It is a measure of how heavy a material is compared to its volume. It is commonly used in engineering and construction to determine the strength and stability of structures.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) greutatea specifică. Greutatea specifică refers to the weight of a unit volume of a substance. It is a measure of how heavy a material is compared to its volume. It is commonly used in engineering and construction to determine the strength and stability of structures.

86. 122. Fenomenul în care particulele adsorbite sau absorbite părăsesc faza solidă, se numeşte:

a) adsorbţie;

b) absorbţie;

c) sorbţie;

d) desorbţie;

e) chemiosorbţie.

The correct answer is d) desorbţie. Desorbţie refers to the phenomenon where adsorbed or absorbed particles leave the solid phase. This process involves the release of particles from the surface or interior of a solid material. It is the opposite of adsorption or absorption, where particles are retained or taken up by a solid material.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) desorbţie. Desorbţie refers to the phenomenon where adsorbed or absorbed particles leave the solid phase. This process involves the release of particles from the surface or interior of a solid material. It is the opposite of adsorption or absorption, where particles are retained or taken up by a solid material.

87. 187. Prin creşterea progresivă a umidităţii cu 2% se poate studia:

a) continutul de mică liberă;

b) continutul de carbune;

c) humusul;

d) parţile levigabile;

e) înfoierea nisipului.

The correct answer is e) înfoierea nisipului. This is because the increase in humidity can cause the sand particles to absorb water and become more cohesive, leading to the formation of small clumps or lumps, which is known as "înfoierea" in Romanian. This phenomenon is commonly observed in sandy soils when they are exposed to moisture.

Explanation

The correct answer is e) înfoierea nisipului. This is because the increase in humidity can cause the sand particles to absorb water and become more cohesive, leading to the formation of small clumps or lumps, which is known as "înfoierea" in Romanian. This phenomenon is commonly observed in sandy soils when they are exposed to moisture.

88. 146. Rocile magmatice pot fi:

a) sedimentare detritice cimentate;

b) sedimenatre detrictice necimentate;

c) sedimenatre organogene;

d) granitice, porfirice, bazaltice, cu structura vitroasa;

e) sedimentare de precipitatie.

The correct answer is d) granitice, porfirice, bazaltice, cu structura vitroasa. This answer states that igneous rocks can be granite, porphyritic, basaltic, and have a glassy structure. Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten material, either from magma or lava. Granite is a coarse-grained rock composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Porphyritic rocks have large crystals embedded in a fine-grained matrix. Basalt is a fine-grained rock that is usually dark in color and rich in iron and magnesium. Rocks with a glassy structure are formed when magma cools rapidly, preventing the formation of crystals.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) granitice, porfirice, bazaltice, cu structura vitroasa. This answer states that igneous rocks can be granite, porphyritic, basaltic, and have a glassy structure. Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten material, either from magma or lava. Granite is a coarse-grained rock composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Porphyritic rocks have large crystals embedded in a fine-grained matrix. Basalt is a fine-grained rock that is usually dark in color and rich in iron and magnesium. Rocks with a glassy structure are formed when magma cools rapidly, preventing the formation of crystals.

89. 160. Prelucrarea mecanica a rocilor se realizeaza prin;

a) ardere in cuptoare la temperatura de 1200ºC;

b) concasare, sortare;

c) spalare, cioplire, slefuire;

d) acoperire cu pelicule protectoare;

e) buciardare;

The mechanical processing of rocks is achieved through crushing, sorting, washing, chiseling, grinding, and pecking. This involves breaking down the rocks into smaller pieces, separating them based on size or other characteristics, cleaning them, shaping them through chiseling and grinding, and using a hammer or similar tool to create small indentations or marks on the surface.

Explanation

The mechanical processing of rocks is achieved through crushing, sorting, washing, chiseling, grinding, and pecking. This involves breaking down the rocks into smaller pieces, separating them based on size or other characteristics, cleaning them, shaping them through chiseling and grinding, and using a hammer or similar tool to create small indentations or marks on the surface.

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90. 177. Dupã forma granulelor , agregatele pot fi :

a) anorganice şi organice ;

b) naturale şi artificiale ;

c) grele compacte ( Pga>=1200kg/m³ ) şi uşoare poroase ( Pga

d) cu granule rotunjite , poliedrice , lamelare şi aciculare ;

e) cu granulozitate continuã , granulozitate discontinuã şi monogranulare.

Agregatele pot fi cu granule rotunjite (sferice), poliedrice (cu mai multe fețe), lamelare (plată) și aciculare (ascuțite). This means that aggregates can have rounded, polyhedral, lamellar, and acicular granules.

Explanation

Agregatele pot fi cu granule rotunjite (sferice), poliedrice (cu mai multe fețe), lamelare (plată) și aciculare (ascuțite). This means that aggregates can have rounded, polyhedral, lamellar, and acicular granules.

91. 181. Agregatele grele compacte au r_ga :

a) mai mica decat 1200kg/m³

b) mai mare decat 1200kg/m³

c) mai mica decat 1800kg/m³

d) mai mare decat 1800kg/m³

e) egala cu 2500kg/m³

Agregatele grele compacte au rga mai mare decat 1200kg/m³.

Explanation

Agregatele grele compacte au rga mai mare decat 1200kg/m³.

92. 154. Agentii agresivi de natura chimica ce acţionează asupra pietrei naturale sunt:

a) microorganismele;

b) bioxidul de carbon, bioxidul de sulf;

c) apa, aerul;

d) vantul, curenţii turbionari;

e) temperatura

The correct answer is b) bioxidul de carbon, bioxidul de sulf. This is because carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide are aggressive chemical agents that can react with natural stone, causing damage and deterioration. These gases can dissolve in rainwater or atmospheric moisture, forming weak acids that can corrode the stone's surface over time. This process is known as acid rain weathering and is a common cause of damage to natural stone structures and monuments.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) bioxidul de carbon, bioxidul de sulf. This is because carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide are aggressive chemical agents that can react with natural stone, causing damage and deterioration. These gases can dissolve in rainwater or atmospheric moisture, forming weak acids that can corrode the stone's surface over time. This process is known as acid rain weathering and is a common cause of damage to natural stone structures and monuments.

93. 27. Gradul de umplere cu pori ai volumului total determină:

a) volumul de goluri;

b) compactitatea;

c) densitatea;

d) greutatea specifică;

e) porozitatea.

The correct answer is e) porozitatea. The question is asking about the factor that determines the degree of pore filling in the total volume. Porosity refers to the percentage of void space in a material, and it is directly related to the volume of pores. Therefore, the degree of pore filling, or porosity, is determined by the volume of pores in the total volume.

Explanation

The correct answer is e) porozitatea. The question is asking about the factor that determines the degree of pore filling in the total volume. Porosity refers to the percentage of void space in a material, and it is directly related to the volume of pores. Therefore, the degree of pore filling, or porosity, is determined by the volume of pores in the total volume.

94. 158. Rocile formate prin rãcirea bruscã a magmei şi întãrirea ei la suprafaţa scoarţei terestre se numesc :

a) roci detritice ;

b) roci de precipitatie ;

c) roci efuzive ;

d) roci intrusive ;

a) roci filoviene .

Roci efuzive sunt formate prin răcirea bruscă a magmei și întărirea ei la suprafața scoarței terestre. Aceste roci rezultă din erupțiile vulcanice și sunt caracterizate prin cristale fine și textură poroasă.

Explanation

Roci efuzive sunt formate prin răcirea bruscă a magmei și întărirea ei la suprafața scoarței terestre. Aceste roci rezultă din erupțiile vulcanice și sunt caracterizate prin cristale fine și textură poroasă.

95. 79. Pe brichete (opt-uri, pişcoturi), la aparatul Fruhling-Michaelis, se determină:

a) rezistenţa la întindere axială;

b) rezistenţa la întindere prin încovoiere;

c) rezistenţa la compresiune;

d) rezistenţa la oboseală;

e) rezistenţa la rupere.

The correct answer is "a) rezistenţa la întindere axială." This means that the Fruhling-Michaelis machine is used to determine the resistance to axial tension in briquettes (packets, biscuits). This suggests that the machine is specifically designed to test how well the briquettes can withstand being pulled apart in a straight line.

Explanation

The correct answer is "a) rezistenţa la întindere axială." This means that the Fruhling-Michaelis machine is used to determine the resistance to axial tension in briquettes (packets, biscuits). This suggests that the machine is specifically designed to test how well the briquettes can withstand being pulled apart in a straight line.

96. 66. Deformaţia este direct proporţională cu efortul (este valabilă legea lui Hooke) în cazul deformaţiei:

a) utilă;

b) excepţională;

c) elastică;

d) plastică;

e) vascoasă.

The correct answer is c) elastică. This is because the given statement mentions that deformation is directly proportional to effort, which is in accordance with Hooke's law. Hooke's law states that the deformation of an elastic material is directly proportional to the force applied to it. Therefore, the correct answer is elastică, as it refers to the deformation being elastic, meaning it can return to its original shape after the force is removed.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) elastică. This is because the given statement mentions that deformation is directly proportional to effort, which is in accordance with Hooke's law. Hooke's law states that the deformation of an elastic material is directly proportional to the force applied to it. Therefore, the correct answer is elastică, as it refers to the deformation being elastic, meaning it can return to its original shape after the force is removed.

97. 143. Piatra ponce , scoria bazalticã şi tufurile vulcanice sunt roci :

a) magmatice intrusive ;

b) magmatice filoviene ;

c) magmatice efuzive ;

d) sedimentare detritice ;

e) sedimentare de precipitaţie .

The correct answer is c) magmatice efuzive. This is because piatra ponce, scoria bazaltică, and tufurile vulcanice are all volcanic rocks that are formed from the solidification of lava or volcanic ash on the Earth's surface. These rocks are typically associated with volcanic eruptions and are classified as extrusive or effusive igneous rocks.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) magmatice efuzive. This is because piatra ponce, scoria bazaltică, and tufurile vulcanice are all volcanic rocks that are formed from the solidification of lava or volcanic ash on the Earth's surface. These rocks are typically associated with volcanic eruptions and are classified as extrusive or effusive igneous rocks.

98. 60. Modificările de formă şi volum care apar sub acţiunea încărcărilor datermină:

a) efortul unitar;

b) rezistenţa unui material;

c) deformaţia materialului;

d) deformaţia specifică;

e) caracteristicile mecanice.

The correct answer is c) deformaţia materialului. This is because under the action of loads, materials undergo changes in shape and volume, which is known as deformation. Deformation refers to the alteration in the physical dimensions of a material due to the applied stress or load. It can be measured in terms of strain, which is the ratio of the change in length or shape of a material to its original length or shape. Therefore, deformaţia materialului is the most appropriate choice as it directly relates to the changes in form and volume caused by the applied loads.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) deformaţia materialului. This is because under the action of loads, materials undergo changes in shape and volume, which is known as deformation. Deformation refers to the alteration in the physical dimensions of a material due to the applied stress or load. It can be measured in terms of strain, which is the ratio of the change in length or shape of a material to its original length or shape. Therefore, deformaţia materialului is the most appropriate choice as it directly relates to the changes in form and volume caused by the applied loads.

99. 7. Metoda picnometrului este utilizată pentru determinarea:

a) volumului real pentru corpuri compacte cu formă geometrică regulată;

b) volumului real pentru corpuri compacte cu formă geometrică neregulată;

c) volumul materialelor sub forma de pulbere;

d) volumul materialelor poroase cu formă geometrică regulată;

e) volumul materialelor poroase cu formă geometrică neregulată;

The picnometer method is used for determining the volume of materials in the form of powder. This method involves measuring the mass of a known volume of the powder and then calculating the density using the formula density = mass/volume. Since the volume of powders cannot be easily measured directly, the picnometer method provides a way to indirectly determine their volume by measuring the mass and density. Therefore, option c) is the correct answer.

Explanation

The picnometer method is used for determining the volume of materials in the form of powder. This method involves measuring the mass of a known volume of the powder and then calculating the density using the formula density = mass/volume. Since the volume of powders cannot be easily measured directly, the picnometer method provides a way to indirectly determine their volume by measuring the mass and density. Therefore, option c) is the correct answer.

100. 169. Piatra ponce , scoria bazalticã şi tufurile vulcanice sunt roci :

a) magmatice intrusive ;

b) magmatice filoviene ;

a) magmatice efuzive ;

d) sedimentare detritice ;

e) sedimentare de precipitaţie .

The given answer, "a) magmatice efuzive," is the correct answer because piatra ponce, scoria bazaltică și tufurile vulcanice are all types of volcanic rocks that are formed from the solidification of magma that has erupted onto the Earth's surface. These rocks are classified as magmatic or igneous rocks, and specifically as "efuzive" or extrusive rocks because they have been extruded or erupted onto the surface during volcanic activity.

Explanation

The given answer, "a) magmatice efuzive," is the correct answer because piatra ponce, scoria bazaltică și tufurile vulcanice are all types of volcanic rocks that are formed from the solidification of magma that has erupted onto the Earth's surface. These rocks are classified as magmatic or igneous rocks, and specifically as "efuzive" or extrusive rocks because they have been extruded or erupted onto the surface during volcanic activity.

101. 151. În costrucţia de drumuri se utilizeazã :

a) piatra brutã ;

b) piatra prelucratã sub formã de moloane , piatrã de talie ;

c) pavele , calâpuri , borduri ;

d) brîul, glaful, solbancul, ;

e) treaptã , contratreaptã , plintã , dale etc.

In road construction, various materials are used to ensure durability and functionality. The correct answer, option c) pavele, calâpuri, borduri, refers to the use of paving stones, curbstones, and borders. These materials are commonly used for sidewalks, driveways, and other paved areas. Paving stones provide a sturdy and attractive surface, while curbstones and borders help to define the edges and prevent erosion. Together, these materials contribute to the overall quality and longevity of the road construction project.

Explanation

In road construction, various materials are used to ensure durability and functionality. The correct answer, option c) pavele, calâpuri, borduri, refers to the use of paving stones, curbstones, and borders. These materials are commonly used for sidewalks, driveways, and other paved areas. Paving stones provide a sturdy and attractive surface, while curbstones and borders help to define the edges and prevent erosion. Together, these materials contribute to the overall quality and longevity of the road construction project.

102. 91. Din grupa metodelor mecanice de suprafată fac parte:

a) metoda ultrasonică;

b) metoda cu amprentă;

c) metoda cu neutroni;

d) metoda cu recul;

e) metoda de rezonanţă.

The correct answer for this question is b) metoda cu amprentă; and d) metoda cu recul. These methods are part of the mechanical surface methods. The method cu amprentă involves using a mold or impression to measure the surface characteristics of an object. The method cu recul, also known as the recoil method, measures the surface roughness by analyzing the scattering of particles or photons from the surface. Both of these methods are used to assess the surface properties of materials.

Explanation

The correct answer for this question is b) metoda cu amprentă; and d) metoda cu recul. These methods are part of the mechanical surface methods. The method cu amprentă involves using a mold or impression to measure the surface characteristics of an object. The method cu recul, also known as the recoil method, measures the surface roughness by analyzing the scattering of particles or photons from the surface. Both of these methods are used to assess the surface properties of materials.

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103. 121. Adsorbţia în care se atabilesc legături chimice între adsorbant şi adsorbat, formandu-se compuşi chimici la suprafaţa de separaţie se numeşte:

a) adsorbţie;

b) absorbţie;

c) sorbţie;

d) desorbţie;

e) chemiosorbţie.

Chemiosorption refers to the adsorption process in which chemical bonds are formed between the adsorbent and the adsorbate, resulting in the formation of chemical compounds at the interface. This distinguishes it from physical adsorption (physisorption) where only weak van der Waals forces are involved. Therefore, option e) chemiosorption is the correct answer in this case.

Explanation

Chemiosorption refers to the adsorption process in which chemical bonds are formed between the adsorbent and the adsorbate, resulting in the formation of chemical compounds at the interface. This distinguishes it from physical adsorption (physisorption) where only weak van der Waals forces are involved. Therefore, option e) chemiosorption is the correct answer in this case.

104. 96. Betonoscopul se utilizează la :

a) metoda ultrasonică;

b) metoda cu amprentă;

c) metoda cu neutroni;

d) metoda cu recul;

e) metoda de rezonanţă.

Betonoscopul se utilizează în metoda ultrasonică pentru a testa calitatea betonului și pentru a detecta eventuale defecte sau fisuri în structură. Prin transmiterea undelor sonore în beton și măsurarea timpului de propagare a acestora, betonoscopul poate determina densitatea, porozitatea și integritatea betonului. Această metodă este utilizată în construcții și în industria de inspecție și control al calității betonului.

Explanation

Betonoscopul se utilizează în metoda ultrasonică pentru a testa calitatea betonului și pentru a detecta eventuale defecte sau fisuri în structură. Prin transmiterea undelor sonore în beton și măsurarea timpului de propagare a acestora, betonoscopul poate determina densitatea, porozitatea și integritatea betonului. Această metodă este utilizată în construcții și în industria de inspecție și control al calității betonului.

105. 136. Rocile formate prin rãcirea bruscã a magmei şi întãrirea ei la suprafaţa scoarţei terestre se numesc :

a) roci detritice ;

b) roci de precipitatie ;

c) roci efuzive ;

d) roci intrusive ;

e) roci filoviene .

Rocile efuzive se formează prin răcirea bruscă a magmei și întărirea ei la suprafața scoarței terestre. Aceste roci rezultă din erupțiile vulcanice și sunt caracterizate prin faptul că se formează la suprafață, în contact direct cu aerul sau apa și se răcesc rapid. Aceasta este o explicație pentru alegerea corectă a răspunsului c) roci efuzive.

Explanation

Rocile efuzive se formează prin răcirea bruscă a magmei și întărirea ei la suprafața scoarței terestre. Aceste roci rezultă din erupțiile vulcanice și sunt caracterizate prin faptul că se formează la suprafață, în contact direct cu aerul sau apa și se răcesc rapid. Aceasta este o explicație pentru alegerea corectă a răspunsului c) roci efuzive.

106. 34. Cantitatea de apa legata fizic ce se afla la un moment dat in material determina:

a) capilaritatea;

b) hidroscopicitatea;

c) umiditatea materialului;

d) absorbtia de apa;

e) gelivitatea.

The correct answer is c) umiditatea materialului. This is because the amount of water physically bound in a material at a given time determines its moisture content or humidity. The more water present in the material, the higher the humidity or moisture content.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) umiditatea materialului. This is because the amount of water physically bound in a material at a given time determines its moisture content or humidity. The more water present in the material, the higher the humidity or moisture content.

107. 54. Creşterea unităţii de lungime pentru un grad de temperatură determină:

a) rezistenţa la transfer termic;

b) căldura specifică;

c) conductivitatea termică;

d) capacitatea calorică;

e) coeficientul de dilatare liniară.

The increase in unit length for a temperature degree refers to the coefficient of linear expansion. This coefficient represents how much a material expands or contracts when its temperature changes. It is a measure of the material's response to heat, indicating how much it will expand or contract in length per degree change in temperature.

Explanation

The increase in unit length for a temperature degree refers to the coefficient of linear expansion. This coefficient represents how much a material expands or contracts when its temperature changes. It is a measure of the material's response to heat, indicating how much it will expand or contract in length per degree change in temperature.

108. 197. Limita intre pietris si bolovanis este de:

a) 3 mm;

b) 7mm;

c) 16 mm;

d) 31 mm;

e) 70 mm.

The correct answer is e) 70 mm. This means that the limit between gravel and boulders is 70 mm. This suggests that anything smaller than 70 mm would be considered gravel, while anything larger than 70 mm would be considered a boulder.

Explanation

The correct answer is e) 70 mm. This means that the limit between gravel and boulders is 70 mm. This suggests that anything smaller than 70 mm would be considered gravel, while anything larger than 70 mm would be considered a boulder.

109. 190. Dupã mãrimea granulelor , agregatele de balastierã se împart în :

a) nisip , pietriş , bolovani şi balast ;

b) naturale şi artificiale ;

c) grele compacte ( Pga>=1200kg/m³ ) şi uşoare poroase ( Pga

d) cu granule rotunjite , poliedrice , lamelare şi aciculare ;

e) cu granulozitate continuã , granulozitate discontinuã şi monogranulare.

The correct answer is a) nisip, pietriş, bolovani şi balast. This answer suggests that after the fragmentation of the aggregates in the quarry, they are divided into sand, gravel, cobblestones, and ballast. This division is based on the size and composition of the fragments, with each category serving different purposes in construction and engineering projects.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) nisip, pietriş, bolovani şi balast. This answer suggests that after the fragmentation of the aggregates in the quarry, they are divided into sand, gravel, cobblestones, and ballast. This division is based on the size and composition of the fragments, with each category serving different purposes in construction and engineering projects.

110. 192. Limita intre nisip si pietris este de:

a) 3 mm;

b) 7mm;

c) 16 mm;

d) 31 mm;

e) 70 mm.

The correct answer is b) 7mm. This means that the limit between sand and gravel is 7mm.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) 7mm. This means that the limit between sand and gravel is 7mm.

111. 10. In cazul metodei picnometrului, in urma determinărilor de laborator, se măsoară:

a) masa pulberii din biuretă;

b) volumul pulberii din biuretă;

c) volumul scurs din biuretă;

d) volumul initial si final din cilindrul gradat;

e) masa după parafinare.

The correct answer is c) volumul scurs din biuretă. In the picnometer method, the volume of liquid that is drained from the burette is measured. This measurement is important in determining the density of the liquid being tested. By measuring the volume of liquid that is drained, one can calculate the density by dividing the mass of the liquid by its volume. Therefore, measuring the volume scoured from the burette is a crucial step in the picnometer method.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) volumul scurs din biuretă. In the picnometer method, the volume of liquid that is drained from the burette is measured. This measurement is important in determining the density of the liquid being tested. By measuring the volume of liquid that is drained, one can calculate the density by dividing the mass of the liquid by its volume. Therefore, measuring the volume scoured from the burette is a crucial step in the picnometer method.

112. 155. Protecţia elementelor din piatrã naturalã împotriva agenţilor agresivi se face prin:

a) stropirea lor cu apã tot timpul ;

b) utilizarea de roci cu caracteristici corespunzãtoare ;

c) evitarea suprafeţelor orizontale ;

d) vopsirea suprafeţelor elementelor cu miniu de plumb ;

e) tratarea suprafeţelor elementelor cu compuşi chimici , cu o soluţie de sare sau cu uleiuri sicative .

The correct answer is b) utilizing rocks with corresponding characteristics, c) avoiding horizontal surfaces, and e) treating the surfaces of the elements with chemical compounds, a salt solution, or drying oils. This is because using rocks with appropriate characteristics ensures better protection against aggressive agents. Avoiding horizontal surfaces helps prevent the accumulation of water and other harmful substances. Treating the surfaces with chemical compounds, salt solution, or drying oils creates a protective layer that enhances resistance to aggressive agents.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) utilizing rocks with corresponding characteristics, c) avoiding horizontal surfaces, and e) treating the surfaces of the elements with chemical compounds, a salt solution, or drying oils. This is because using rocks with appropriate characteristics ensures better protection against aggressive agents. Avoiding horizontal surfaces helps prevent the accumulation of water and other harmful substances. Treating the surfaces with chemical compounds, salt solution, or drying oils creates a protective layer that enhances resistance to aggressive agents.

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113. 76. Cu aparatul Fruhling-Michaelis se poate determina:

a) rezistenţa la întindere axială;

b) rezistenţa la întindere prin încovoiere (rezistenta la încovoiere);

c) rezistenţa la compresiune;

d) rezistenţa la oboseală;

e) rezistenţa la rupere.

The Fruhling-Michaelis apparatus can be used to determine the resistance to axial tension and resistance to bending (bending strength).

Explanation

The Fruhling-Michaelis apparatus can be used to determine the resistance to axial tension and resistance to bending (bending strength).

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114. 41 Materialele vitrificate se caracterizează prin:

a) n < 2%;

b) n < 7%;

c) n < 8%;

d) n < 9%;

e) n < 10%;

Vitrified materials are characterized by a water absorption rate of less than 2%. This means that these materials have a very low porosity, which makes them highly resistant to water absorption. The low water absorption rate also indicates that vitrified materials are less likely to be damaged or stained by water or other liquids. This property makes vitrified materials ideal for use in areas where moisture or liquid exposure is common, such as bathrooms, kitchens, or outdoor spaces.

Explanation

Vitrified materials are characterized by a water absorption rate of less than 2%. This means that these materials have a very low porosity, which makes them highly resistant to water absorption. The low water absorption rate also indicates that vitrified materials are less likely to be damaged or stained by water or other liquids. This property makes vitrified materials ideal for use in areas where moisture or liquid exposure is common, such as bathrooms, kitchens, or outdoor spaces.

115. 8. Metoda parafinării combinată cu metoda volumului de lichid dizlocuit este utilizată pentru determinarea:

a) volumului real pentru corpuri compacte cu formă geometrică regulată;

b) volumului real pentru corpuri compacte cu formă geometrică neregulată;

c) volumul materialelor sub forma de pulbere;

d) volumul materialelor poroase cu formă geometrică regulată;

e) volumul materialelor poroase cu formă geometrică neregulată;

The combination of the paraffin method and the liquid displacement method is used to determine the volume of porous materials with irregular geometric shapes. This method involves immersing the material in paraffin to fill the pores and then measuring the displacement of liquid when the material is submerged. This allows for an accurate measurement of the volume of the porous material, even if it does not have a regular geometric shape.

Explanation

The combination of the paraffin method and the liquid displacement method is used to determine the volume of porous materials with irregular geometric shapes. This method involves immersing the material in paraffin to fill the pores and then measuring the displacement of liquid when the material is submerged. This allows for an accurate measurement of the volume of the porous material, even if it does not have a regular geometric shape.

116. 167. Protecţia elementelor din piatrã naturalã împotriva agenţilor agresivi se face prin:

a) stropirea lor cu apã tot timpul ;

b) utilizarea de roci cu caracteristici corespunzãtoare ;

c) evitarea suprafeţelor orizontale ;

d) vopsirea suprafeţelor elementelor cu miniu de plumb ;

e) tratarea suprafeţelor elementelor cu compuşi chimici , cu o soluţie de sare sau cu uleiuri sicative .

The correct answer states that the protection of natural stone elements against aggressive agents is achieved by using rocks with appropriate characteristics, avoiding horizontal surfaces, and treating the surfaces with chemical compounds, a salt solution, or drying oils. This implies that the choice of suitable rocks, avoiding water accumulation on horizontal surfaces, and applying chemical treatments are effective methods for protecting natural stone elements from aggressive agents.

Explanation

The correct answer states that the protection of natural stone elements against aggressive agents is achieved by using rocks with appropriate characteristics, avoiding horizontal surfaces, and treating the surfaces with chemical compounds, a salt solution, or drying oils. This implies that the choice of suitable rocks, avoiding water accumulation on horizontal surfaces, and applying chemical treatments are effective methods for protecting natural stone elements from aggressive agents.

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117. 98. Două diametre perpendiculare se citesc în cazul:

a) metodei acustice;

b) metodei mecanice cu amprentă;

c) metodei mecanice cu recul;

d) metodelor atomice;

e) metodelor cu neutroni.

In the case of mechanical methods with imprint, two perpendicular diameters are read. This means that when using this method, two measurements are taken along two perpendicular directions, which allows for a more accurate and comprehensive analysis of the object or material being measured. The other methods listed do not specifically mention the reading of perpendicular diameters, making option b the correct answer.

Explanation

In the case of mechanical methods with imprint, two perpendicular diameters are read. This means that when using this method, two measurements are taken along two perpendicular directions, which allows for a more accurate and comprehensive analysis of the object or material being measured. The other methods listed do not specifically mention the reading of perpendicular diameters, making option b the correct answer.

118. 188. Agregatele anorganice pot fi :

a) anorganice şi organice ;

b) naturale şi artificiale ;

c) rumegusul de lemn, puzderia de in si canepa;

d) deseuri de cauciuc;

e) deseuri ceramice

The correct answer is b) naturale şi artificiale. This means that inorganic aggregates can be both natural and artificial. Inorganic aggregates are materials that are not derived from living organisms and can be found naturally in the environment or can be manufactured artificially. This includes materials like sand, gravel, crushed stone, and various types of minerals.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) naturale şi artificiale. This means that inorganic aggregates can be both natural and artificial. Inorganic aggregates are materials that are not derived from living organisms and can be found naturally in the environment or can be manufactured artificially. This includes materials like sand, gravel, crushed stone, and various types of minerals.

119. 26. Relatia V/Va sau Pa/P determina:

a) compactitatea;

b) porozitatea;

c) densitatea;

d) greutatea specifica;

e) volumul de goluri.

The relationship V/Va or Pa/P determines the compactness of a substance. Compactness refers to how closely packed the particles or molecules are in a given volume. A higher V/Va or Pa/P value indicates a higher compactness, meaning that the substance has less empty space or voids between its particles. Conversely, a lower V/Va or Pa/P value indicates a lower compactness, meaning that the substance has more empty space or voids between its particles. Therefore, the correct answer is a) compactness.

Explanation

The relationship V/Va or Pa/P determines the compactness of a substance. Compactness refers to how closely packed the particles or molecules are in a given volume. A higher V/Va or Pa/P value indicates a higher compactness, meaning that the substance has less empty space or voids between its particles. Conversely, a lower V/Va or Pa/P value indicates a lower compactness, meaning that the substance has more empty space or voids between its particles. Therefore, the correct answer is a) compactness.

120. 137. Rocile alcãtuite din straturi succesive de minerale , toate stratele fiind alcãtuite dintr-un singur mineral se numesc :

a) roci cu texturã stratificatã ;

b) roci cu texturã neorientatã (masivã) ;

c) roci cu structurã holocristalinã ;

d) roci cu structurã hemicristalinã ;

e) roci cu texturã sistoasã

Rocile alcătuite din straturi succesive de minerale, toate stratele fiind alcătuite dintr-un singur mineral, se numesc roci cu textură stratificată. This means that the rock is composed of layers of minerals, with each layer consisting of a single mineral. The term "stratified" refers to the fact that the rock is formed in distinct layers, which can be observed visually.

Explanation

Rocile alcătuite din straturi succesive de minerale, toate stratele fiind alcătuite dintr-un singur mineral, se numesc roci cu textură stratificată. This means that the rock is composed of layers of minerals, with each layer consisting of a single mineral. The term "stratified" refers to the fact that the rock is formed in distinct layers, which can be observed visually.

121. 109. pmV = nRT, reprezintă legea transformării:

a) izobare;

b) izocore;

c) izoterme;

d) adiabate;

e) generale a gazului ideal.

The equation p×V = nRT is known as the ideal gas law, which relates the pressure (p), volume (V), temperature (T), and number of moles (n) of an ideal gas. This equation applies to any type of transformation of an ideal gas, regardless of whether it is isobaric (constant pressure), isochoric (constant volume), isothermal (constant temperature), or adiabatic (no heat exchange). Therefore, the correct answer is e) generale a gazului ideal, meaning the general law of the ideal gas.

Explanation

The equation p×V = nRT is known as the ideal gas law, which relates the pressure (p), volume (V), temperature (T), and number of moles (n) of an ideal gas. This equation applies to any type of transformation of an ideal gas, regardless of whether it is isobaric (constant pressure), isochoric (constant volume), isothermal (constant temperature), or adiabatic (no heat exchange). Therefore, the correct answer is e) generale a gazului ideal, meaning the general law of the ideal gas.

122. 40. La elementele portante care lucrează în mediu umed, coeficientul de înmuiere trebuie să îndeplinească condiţia:

a) K >= 1;

b) K >= 0,95;

c) K >= 0,90;

d) K >= 0,8 0;

e) K < 0,80.

The correct answer is d) K >= 0,8 0. This means that the coefficient of softening for load-bearing elements working in a wet environment must be greater than or equal to 0.80. This condition ensures that the load-bearing elements can withstand the moisture and remain structurally stable.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) K >= 0,8 0. This means that the coefficient of softening for load-bearing elements working in a wet environment must be greater than or equal to 0.80. This condition ensures that the load-bearing elements can withstand the moisture and remain structurally stable.

123. 124. Fenomenul care are ca efect pătrunderea şi repartizarea unei anumite substanţe în toata masa altei substante, se numeşte:

a) adsorbţie;

b) absorbţie;

c) sorbţie;

d) desorbţie;

e) chemiosorbţie.

Absorbţia este fenomenul prin care o substanţă pătrunde şi se distribuie în întreaga masă a altei substanţe. Acest proces poate avea loc între două substanţe solide, lichide sau gazoase. Diferenţa dintre absorbţie şi adsorbţie constă în faptul că absorbţia implică pătrunderea substanţei în interiorul celeilalte substanţe, în timp ce adsorbţia se referă la aderarea substanţei pe suprafaţa celeilalte substanţe. Prin urmare, răspunsul corect este b) absorbţie.

Explanation

Absorbţia este fenomenul prin care o substanţă pătrunde şi se distribuie în întreaga masă a altei substanţe. Acest proces poate avea loc între două substanţe solide, lichide sau gazoase. Diferenţa dintre absorbţie şi adsorbţie constă în faptul că absorbţia implică pătrunderea substanţei în interiorul celeilalte substanţe, în timp ce adsorbţia se referă la aderarea substanţei pe suprafaţa celeilalte substanţe. Prin urmare, răspunsul corect este b) absorbţie.

124. 5. Spaţiul ocupat de substanţa solidă dintr-un corp determină:

a) masa corpului;

b) greutatea corpului;

c) volumul real al corpului;

d) volumul aparent al corpului;

e) volumul în grămadă.

The correct answer is c) volumul real al corpului. The question is asking about the relationship between the space occupied by a solid substance in a body and a specific characteristic of the body. The volume of a solid substance refers to the amount of space it occupies, so the space occupied by the substance determines the volume of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is c) volumul real al corpului, which means the real volume of the body.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) volumul real al corpului. The question is asking about the relationship between the space occupied by a solid substance in a body and a specific characteristic of the body. The volume of a solid substance refers to the amount of space it occupies, so the space occupied by the substance determines the volume of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is c) volumul real al corpului, which means the real volume of the body.

125. 65. Deformaţiile care apar sub acţiunea încărcărilor pot fi:

a) utile;

b) excepţionale;

c) elastice;

d) plastice;

e) permanente.

Deformațiile care apar sub acțiunea încărcărilor pot fi elastice și plastice. Aceasta înseamnă că, în anumite condiții, materialul se poate deforma temporar și revine la forma sa inițială după încetarea încărcării (deformare elastică), în timp ce în alte condiții, materialul se poate deforma permanent și nu își revine la forma inițială (deformare plastică).

Explanation

Deformațiile care apar sub acțiunea încărcărilor pot fi elastice și plastice. Aceasta înseamnă că, în anumite condiții, materialul se poate deforma temporar și revine la forma sa inițială după încetarea încărcării (deformare elastică), în timp ce în alte condiții, materialul se poate deforma permanent și nu își revine la forma inițială (deformare plastică).

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126. 184. Prin sort se înţelege :

a) compoziţia procentualã (în volume) a diferitelor sorturi sau fracţiuni ce compun un agregat ;

b) reprezentarea graficã a resturilor (în greutate) din seria de ciururi şi site standard ;

c) reprezentarea graficã a procentelor trecerilor (în greutate) prin seria de ciururi şi site standard ;

d) compoziţia procentualã (în greutate) a diferitelor sorturi şi fracţiuni de agregat ce compun un agregat ;

e) toate granulele de agregat care au granulele de diametru cuprins între douã site sau ciururi impuse

The term "prin sort" refers to all the aggregate particles that have diameters between two specified sieve or screen sizes. This means that option e) is the correct answer as it accurately defines the concept of "prin sort".

Explanation

The term "prin sort" refers to all the aggregate particles that have diameters between two specified sieve or screen sizes. This means that option e) is the correct answer as it accurately defines the concept of "prin sort".

127. 101. In cazul metodelor acustice, coeficientul total ce ţine cont de biografia betonului se calculează cu relaţia:

a) CT = Ca x Cm x Cu;

b) CT = Cp x Cm x Cu;

c) CT = Ca x Cc x Cd x Cm x Cu;

d) CT = Ca x Cc x Cd x C0taiat x Cg x Cm x Cu x Cp;

e) CT = Cc x Cd x Cm x Cp;

The correct answer is d) CT = Ca x Cc x Cd x C0taiat x Cg x Cm x Cu x Cp. This equation is used to calculate the total coefficient that takes into account the concrete biography in acoustic methods. It includes various factors such as Ca (age correction factor), Cc (correction factor for the type of concrete), Cd (correction factor for the density of concrete), C0taiat (correction factor for the cutting of concrete), Cg (correction factor for the geometry of the concrete element), Cm (correction factor for the moisture content of concrete), Cu (correction factor for the surface condition of concrete), and Cp (correction factor for the porosity of concrete). These factors are multiplied together to determine the overall coefficient.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) CT = Ca x Cc x Cd x C0taiat x Cg x Cm x Cu x Cp. This equation is used to calculate the total coefficient that takes into account the concrete biography in acoustic methods. It includes various factors such as Ca (age correction factor), Cc (correction factor for the type of concrete), Cd (correction factor for the density of concrete), C0taiat (correction factor for the cutting of concrete), Cg (correction factor for the geometry of the concrete element), Cm (correction factor for the moisture content of concrete), Cu (correction factor for the surface condition of concrete), and Cp (correction factor for the porosity of concrete). These factors are multiplied together to determine the overall coefficient.

128. 135. Rocile care iau naştere ca urmare a acţiunii presiunilor şi temperaturilor ridicate asupra rocilor preexistente , schimbându-le structura şi compoziţia chimicã se numesc:

a) roci sedimentare ;

b) roci holocristaline ;

c) roci efuzive ;

d) roci metamorfice ;

e) roci magmatice .

Rocile metamorfice se formează prin acțiunea presiunilor și temperaturilor ridicate asupra rocilor preexistente, ceea ce determină schimbarea structurii și compoziției chimice ale acestora. Aceste procese pot avea loc în adâncime, sub influența forțelor tectonice, sau în apropierea zonelor de intruziuni magmatice. Ca rezultat, rocile metamorfice prezintă caracteristici precum foliație, cristalizare și recristalizare, și pot fi formate din diverse tipuri de roci preexistente, cum ar fi roci sedimentare sau magmatice.

Explanation

Rocile metamorfice se formează prin acțiunea presiunilor și temperaturilor ridicate asupra rocilor preexistente, ceea ce determină schimbarea structurii și compoziției chimice ale acestora. Aceste procese pot avea loc în adâncime, sub influența forțelor tectonice, sau în apropierea zonelor de intruziuni magmatice. Ca rezultat, rocile metamorfice prezintă caracteristici precum foliație, cristalizare și recristalizare, și pot fi formate din diverse tipuri de roci preexistente, cum ar fi roci sedimentare sau magmatice.

129. 31. In cazul unui material cu masa initială (m_u)umedă , cu relatia mu-m/mu 100 % se poate determina:

a) umiditatea relativă;

b) umiditatea absoluta;

c) absorbtia de apă în masă;

d) absorbţia de apă în volum;

e) capilaritatea.

The correct answer is a) umiditatea relativă. The given equation mu-m/mu represents the relative humidity of a material with initial wet mass. Relative humidity is a measure of the amount of moisture present in the air compared to the maximum amount it can hold at a given temperature. In this case, the equation compares the difference between the initial wet mass (mu) and the final mass (m) of the material, allowing us to determine the relative humidity.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) umiditatea relativă. The given equation mu-m/mu represents the relative humidity of a material with initial wet mass. Relative humidity is a measure of the amount of moisture present in the air compared to the maximum amount it can hold at a given temperature. In this case, the equation compares the difference between the initial wet mass (mu) and the final mass (m) of the material, allowing us to determine the relative humidity.

130. 83. Proprietatea materialelor de a absorbi apă din mediul ambiant pană la stabilirea unui echilibru determină:

a) permeabilitatea la apă;

b) permeabilitatea la aer;

c) hidroscopicitatea

d) capilaritatea;

e) gelivitatea.

The correct answer is c) hidroscopicitatea. Hidroscopicitatea refers to the property of materials to absorb water from the surrounding environment until an equilibrium is reached. This means that the material has the ability to attract and retain water molecules. Permeabilitatea la apă (a) refers to the ability of a material to allow water to pass through it, permeabilitatea la aer (b) refers to the ability of a material to allow air to pass through it, capilaritatea (d) refers to the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces against the force of gravity, and gelivitatea (e) refers to the susceptibility of a material to be damaged by freeze-thaw cycles.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) hidroscopicitatea. Hidroscopicitatea refers to the property of materials to absorb water from the surrounding environment until an equilibrium is reached. This means that the material has the ability to attract and retain water molecules. Permeabilitatea la apă (a) refers to the ability of a material to allow water to pass through it, permeabilitatea la aer (b) refers to the ability of a material to allow air to pass through it, capilaritatea (d) refers to the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces against the force of gravity, and gelivitatea (e) refers to the susceptibility of a material to be damaged by freeze-thaw cycles.

131. 63. Sarcinile care cresc continuu şi lent de la valoarea zero la valoarea finală, sunt acţiuni:

a) ciclice;

b) dinamice;

c) statice;

d) repetate;

e) utile.

The correct answer is c) statice. This is because the question states that the tasks increase continuously and slowly from zero to a final value. Static actions refer to tasks or actions that do not change or move, which aligns with the given scenario.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) statice. This is because the question states that the tasks increase continuously and slowly from zero to a final value. Static actions refer to tasks or actions that do not change or move, which aligns with the given scenario.

132. 116. Proprietatea mai multor substante de a cristaliza în forme cristaline identice, se numeşte;

a) defect de structură;

b) polimorfism;

c) izomorfism;

d) dislocaţie;

e) distorsiune.

The correct answer is c) izomorfism. Izomorfism refers to the property of multiple substances to crystallize in identical crystal forms. This means that these substances have the same crystalline structure, even though they may have different chemical compositions. This phenomenon is often observed in solid solutions, where two or more substances are mixed together at the molecular level to form a single crystal lattice. The identical crystal forms of these substances allow them to mix and blend seamlessly, resulting in a homogeneous solid solution.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) izomorfism. Izomorfism refers to the property of multiple substances to crystallize in identical crystal forms. This means that these substances have the same crystalline structure, even though they may have different chemical compositions. This phenomenon is often observed in solid solutions, where two or more substances are mixed together at the molecular level to form a single crystal lattice. The identical crystal forms of these substances allow them to mix and blend seamlessly, resulting in a homogeneous solid solution.

133. 147. Extragerea pietrei naturale se face :

a) pe cale manualã cu sapa şi lopata ;

b) pe cale naturalã cu pârghii , fierãstrae , ciocane de abataj ;

c) pe cale mecanizatã cu dispozitive de tãiat cu discuri ;

d) pe cale mecanizatã cu excavatoare şi dragline ;

e) cu explozibili de micã , mijlocie şi mare putere .

The correct answer is b) pe cale naturală cu pârghii, fierăstrae, ciocane de abataj; c) pe cale mecanizată cu dispozitive de tăiat cu discuri; d) pe cale mecanizată cu excavatoare şi dragline; e) cu explozibili de mică, mijlocie şi mare putere. This answer suggests that the extraction of natural stone can be done manually using tools like levers, saws, and hammers, as well as using mechanized methods with cutting devices, excavators, and explosives of varying power.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) pe cale naturală cu pârghii, fierăstrae, ciocane de abataj; c) pe cale mecanizată cu dispozitive de tăiat cu discuri; d) pe cale mecanizată cu excavatoare şi dragline; e) cu explozibili de mică, mijlocie şi mare putere. This answer suggests that the extraction of natural stone can be done manually using tools like levers, saws, and hammers, as well as using mechanized methods with cutting devices, excavators, and explosives of varying power.

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134. P

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

135. 112. Forţa cu care se opune un strat de lichid la deplasarea sa faţă de un strat învecinat, determină:

a) duritatea tempoarră;

b) duritatea permanentă;

c) duritatea totală;

d) vascozitatea;

e) tensiunea superficială.

The force with which a layer of liquid opposes its displacement from a neighboring layer is known as viscosity. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It determines how easily a liquid can flow and is influenced by factors such as temperature and molecular structure. Therefore, the correct answer is d) vascozitatea (viscosity).

Explanation

The force with which a layer of liquid opposes its displacement from a neighboring layer is known as viscosity. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It determines how easily a liquid can flow and is influenced by factors such as temperature and molecular structure. Therefore, the correct answer is d) vascozitatea (viscosity).

136. 53. Creşterea unităţii de volum pentru un grad de temperatură, determină:

a) coeficientul de dilatare termică în volum;

b) căldura specifică;

c) conductivitatea termică;

d) capacitatea calorică;

e) coeficientul de dilatare liniară.

The correct answer is a) coeficientul de dilatare termică în volum. This is because the question is asking about the increase in volume for a given temperature change, which is directly related to the coefficient of thermal expansion in volume. The coefficient of thermal expansion measures how much a material expands or contracts when its temperature changes.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) coeficientul de dilatare termică în volum. This is because the question is asking about the increase in volume for a given temperature change, which is directly related to the coefficient of thermal expansion in volume. The coefficient of thermal expansion measures how much a material expands or contracts when its temperature changes.

137. 30. Un material compact se caracterizeaza prin:

a) C < 1;

b) C = 1;

c) n > 1;

d) n < 1;

e) n = 0;

A compact material is characterized by a coefficient of compressibility (C) equal to 1, meaning that it does not compress under pressure. Additionally, it is characterized by a porosity (n) equal to 0, indicating that it is completely solid without any empty spaces or pores.

Explanation

A compact material is characterized by a coefficient of compressibility (C) equal to 1, meaning that it does not compress under pressure. Additionally, it is characterized by a porosity (n) equal to 0, indicating that it is completely solid without any empty spaces or pores.

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138. 141. Prelucrarea pietrei naturale se face prin :

a) tãiere ;

b) cioplire ;

c) şlefuire şi lustruire ;

d) buciardare ;

e) concasare .

The processing of natural stone is done through various methods, including cutting, carving, polishing and buffing, chiseling, and crushing.

Explanation

The processing of natural stone is done through various methods, including cutting, carving, polishing and buffing, chiseling, and crushing.

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139. 142. Bazaltul , andezitul şi trahitul sunt roci :

a) magmatice intrusive ;

b) magmatice filoviene ;

c) magmatice efuzive ;

d) sedimentare detritice ;

e) sedimentare de precipitaţie .

The correct answer is c) magmatice efuzive. This is because bazaltul, andezitul, and trahitul are all types of volcanic rocks that are formed from the solidification of magma that has erupted onto the Earth's surface. These rocks are typically found in volcanic regions and have a fine-grained texture.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) magmatice efuzive. This is because bazaltul, andezitul, and trahitul are all types of volcanic rocks that are formed from the solidification of magma that has erupted onto the Earth's surface. These rocks are typically found in volcanic regions and have a fine-grained texture.

140. 36. In cazul unui material cu masa iniţială (m_u) umedă, si masa finală (m), cu relatia mu-m/m 100 % se poate calcula:

a) umiditatea relativă;

b) umiditatea absoluta;

c) absorbtia de apă în masă;

d) absorbţia de apă în volum;

e) capilaritatea.

The correct answer is b) umiditatea absoluta. The formula mu-m/m 100% is used to calculate the absolute humidity of a material with initial wet mass (mu) and final mass (m). This formula measures the amount of water vapor present in a substance, regardless of its volume or relative humidity. Therefore, the correct answer is umiditatea absoluta (absolute humidity).

Explanation

The correct answer is b) umiditatea absoluta. The formula mu-m/m 100% is used to calculate the absolute humidity of a material with initial wet mass (mu) and final mass (m). This formula measures the amount of water vapor present in a substance, regardless of its volume or relative humidity. Therefore, the correct answer is umiditatea absoluta (absolute humidity).

141. 168. Rocile sedimentare pot fi:

a) detritice cimentate

b) detritice necimentate

c) granitice, bazaltice

d) organogene

e) intrusive si filoniene.

Rocile sedimentare pot fi de două tipuri principale: detritice și organogene. Rocile sedimentare detritice pot fi fie cimentate, adică particulele de sediment sunt legate între ele prin ciment natural (cum ar fi calcarul sau cuarțul), fie necimentate, în care particulele de sediment rămân libere și nelegate. Rocile sedimentare organogene sunt formate din resturi de organisme (cum ar fi coralii sau cochiliile) care se acumulează și se compactează în timp. Rocile granitice și bazaltice sunt exemple de roci magmatice, nu sedimentare. Nu există mențiune despre roci intrusive și filoniene în întrebare.

Explanation

Rocile sedimentare pot fi de două tipuri principale: detritice și organogene. Rocile sedimentare detritice pot fi fie cimentate, adică particulele de sediment sunt legate între ele prin ciment natural (cum ar fi calcarul sau cuarțul), fie necimentate, în care particulele de sediment rămân libere și nelegate. Rocile sedimentare organogene sunt formate din resturi de organisme (cum ar fi coralii sau cochiliile) care se acumulează și se compactează în timp. Rocile granitice și bazaltice sunt exemple de roci magmatice, nu sedimentare. Nu există mențiune despre roci intrusive și filoniene în întrebare.

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142. 43. Materialele clincherizate se caracterizează prin:

a) n < 2%;

b) n < 7%;

c) n < 8%;

d) n < 9%;

e) n< 10%.

Materialele clincherizate se caracterizează prin conținutul de azot (n) mai mic de 8%. This means that the nitrogen content in clincherized materials is less than 8%.

Explanation

Materialele clincherizate se caracterizează prin conținutul de azot (n) mai mic de 8%. This means that the nitrogen content in clincherized materials is less than 8%.

143. 201. Prin curbã granulometricã se înţelege :

a) compoziţia procentualã (în volume) a diferitelor sorturi sau fracţiuni ce compun un agregat ;

b) reprezentarea graficã a resturilor (în greutate) din seria de ciururi şi site standard ;

c) reprezentarea graficã a procentelor trecerilor (în greutate) prin seria de ciururi şi site standard ;

d) compoziţia procentualã (în greutate) a diferitelor sorturi şi fracţiuni de agregat ce compun un agregat ;

e) toate granulele de agregat care au granulele de diametru cuprins între douã site sau ciururi impuse

The correct answer is c) reprezentarea grafică a procentelor trecerilor (în greutate) prin seria de ciururi şi site standard. This means that the term "prin curbă granulometrică" refers to the graphical representation of the weight percentages passing through a series of standard sieves or screens. It represents the distribution of different particle sizes in an aggregate material.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) reprezentarea grafică a procentelor trecerilor (în greutate) prin seria de ciururi şi site standard. This means that the term "prin curbă granulometrică" refers to the graphical representation of the weight percentages passing through a series of standard sieves or screens. It represents the distribution of different particle sizes in an aggregate material.

144. 89. Materialul utilizat pentru determinarea volumului celulei de permeabilitate Blaine este:

a) ciment;

b) pulbere standard;

c) mercur;

d) var;

e) ipsos.

The correct answer is c) mercur. The reason for this is that the Blaine permeability test is used to measure the fineness of cement, and mercur is the material used in this test. Mercur is used because it has a known density and can be easily measured, allowing for accurate determination of the permeability of the cement.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) mercur. The reason for this is that the Blaine permeability test is used to measure the fineness of cement, and mercur is the material used in this test. Mercur is used because it has a known density and can be easily measured, allowing for accurate determination of the permeability of the cement.

145. 94.Avantajele metodelor nedistructive sunt:

a) determinările pot fi repetate pe acelasi element;

b) rezistentele sunt orientative;

c) pe acelasi element pot fi determinate mai multe caracteristici;

d) se pot utiliza „în situ”;

e) rezistentele au valori exacte.

The advantages of non-destructive methods are that determinations can be repeated on the same element, multiple characteristics can be determined on the same element, and they can be used "in situ" (in the original location or position). These methods allow for repeated testing without damaging the element, provide flexibility in determining multiple characteristics, and can be performed without removing the element from its original location.

Explanation

The advantages of non-destructive methods are that determinations can be repeated on the same element, multiple characteristics can be determined on the same element, and they can be used "in situ" (in the original location or position). These methods allow for repeated testing without damaging the element, provide flexibility in determining multiple characteristics, and can be performed without removing the element from its original location.

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146. 193. Nisipul se utilizeaza ca agregate la obtinerea:

a) produselor ceramice;

b) mortarelor;

c) betoanelor;

d) ipsosului;

e) cimentului.

Nisipul se utilizează ca agregate la obținerea mortarelor și betoanelor. Acesta este amestecat cu cimentul și apa pentru a forma mortarul, care este utilizat în construcții pentru a lipi cărămizile sau blocurile de beton. De asemenea, nisipul este un ingredient cheie în beton, care este un material de construcție folosit pentru fundații, pereți, podele și alte structuri. Prin adăugarea nisipului, betonul devine mai rezistent și mai durabil.

Explanation

Nisipul se utilizează ca agregate la obținerea mortarelor și betoanelor. Acesta este amestecat cu cimentul și apa pentru a forma mortarul, care este utilizat în construcții pentru a lipi cărămizile sau blocurile de beton. De asemenea, nisipul este un ingredient cheie în beton, care este un material de construcție folosit pentru fundații, pereți, podele și alte structuri. Prin adăugarea nisipului, betonul devine mai rezistent și mai durabil.

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147. 72. Cu relaţia R_t = P/A se determină;

a) rezistenţa la întindere axială;

b) rezistenţa la întindere prin încovoiere;

c) rezistenţa la compresiune;

d) rezistenţa la oboseală;

e) rezistenţa la rupere.

The given relationship Rt = P/A represents the formula for calculating the tensile strength. Tensile strength is the resistance of a material to breaking under tension. Therefore, the correct answer is a) rezistenţa la întindere axială, which translates to "axial tensile strength" in English.

Explanation

The given relationship Rt = P/A represents the formula for calculating the tensile strength. Tensile strength is the resistance of a material to breaking under tension. Therefore, the correct answer is a) rezistenţa la întindere axială, which translates to "axial tensile strength" in English.

148. 130. Rocile alcãtuite din minerale cristalizate complect se numesc :

a) roci cu texturã stratificatã ;

b) roci cu texturã neorientalã (masivã) ;

c) roci cu structurã holocristalinã ;

d) roci cu structurã hemiocristalinã ;

e) roci cu structurã hemiocristalinã ;

Rocile alcătuite din minerale cristalizate complet se numesc roci cu structură holocristalină. Aceasta înseamnă că mineralele din rocă sunt cristalizate în totalitate și nu există spații goale sau amestecuri de minerale necristalizate în rocă. Această structură indică faptul că rocile au fost supuse unui proces de cristalizare completă și au fost formate în condiții favorabile pentru creșterea și dezvoltarea cristalelor.

Explanation

Rocile alcătuite din minerale cristalizate complet se numesc roci cu structură holocristalină. Aceasta înseamnă că mineralele din rocă sunt cristalizate în totalitate și nu există spații goale sau amestecuri de minerale necristalizate în rocă. Această structură indică faptul că rocile au fost supuse unui proces de cristalizare completă și au fost formate în condiții favorabile pentru creșterea și dezvoltarea cristalelor.

149. 171. Bazaltul , andezitul şi trahitul sunt roci :

a) magmatice intrusive ;

b) magmatice filoviene ;

c) magmatice efuzive ;

d) sedimentare detritice ;

e) sedimentare de precipitaţie .

Bazaltul, andezitul și trahitul sunt roci magmatice efuzive deoarece se formează prin solidificarea lavei vulcanice la suprafața Pământului. Aceste roci se caracterizează prin textura lor fină și compoziția bogată în minerale feromagneziene.

Explanation

Bazaltul, andezitul și trahitul sunt roci magmatice efuzive deoarece se formează prin solidificarea lavei vulcanice la suprafața Pământului. Aceste roci se caracterizează prin textura lor fină și compoziția bogată în minerale feromagneziene.

150. 131. Rocile formate prin rãcirea magmei şi întãrirea ei la adâncime se numesc :

a) roci granitice ;

b) roci bazaltice ;

c) roci efuzive ;

d) roci intrusive ;

e) roci filoniene .

Rocile formate prin răcirea magmei și întărirea ei la adâncime se numesc roci intrusive.

Explanation

Rocile formate prin răcirea magmei și întărirea ei la adâncime se numesc roci intrusive.

151. 182. Pentru ca un agregat sa fie acceptat, acesta trebuie sa aiba coeficientul volumic mediu C_vm:

a) >=18;

b)>=20

c)

d) >=15

e)

To be accepted, an aggregate must have an average volumetric coefficient Cvm greater than or equal to 20.

Explanation

To be accepted, an aggregate must have an average volumetric coefficient Cvm greater than or equal to 20.

152. 128. Rocile care iau naştere ca urmare a solidificãrii topiturii silicioase în drumul ei spre suprafaţa pãmântului se numesc :

a)roci sedimentare ;

b)roci organogene ;

c)roci detritice ;

d)roci metamorfice ;

e)roci magmatice .

Rocile care iau naștere ca urmare a solidificării topiturii silicioase în drumul ei spre suprafața pământului se numesc roci magmatice.

Explanation

Rocile care iau naștere ca urmare a solidificării topiturii silicioase în drumul ei spre suprafața pământului se numesc roci magmatice.

153. 73. Solicitarea unui material cu forţe de aceeaşi direcţie dar de sens contrar, perpendicular pe direcţia de turnare a epruvetelor, care are ca efect scurtarea acestora, este:

a) încercarea la compresiune;

b) încercarea la întindere axială;

c) încercarea la întindere prin încovoiere;

d) încercarea la rupere;

e) încercarea la oboseală.

The correct answer is a) încercarea la compresiune. This is because the question mentions a material being subjected to forces of the same direction but opposite sense, which would cause the material to shorten. This is a characteristic of compressive forces, where the material is being squeezed or pressed together. The other options, such as b) încercarea la întindere axială (axial tension) or c) încercarea la întindere prin încovoiere (bending tension), involve forces that would cause the material to elongate or bend, which is not consistent with the given scenario.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) încercarea la compresiune. This is because the question mentions a material being subjected to forces of the same direction but opposite sense, which would cause the material to shorten. This is a characteristic of compressive forces, where the material is being squeezed or pressed together. The other options, such as b) încercarea la întindere axială (axial tension) or c) încercarea la întindere prin încovoiere (bending tension), involve forces that would cause the material to elongate or bend, which is not consistent with the given scenario.

154. 77. Pe prisme, cu aparatul Fruhling-Michaelis se determină:

a) rezistenţa la întindere axială;

b) rezistenţa la întindere prin încovoiere;

c) rezistenţa la compresiune;

d) rezistenţa la oboseală;

e) rezistenţa la rupere.

The correct answer is b) rezistenţa la întindere prin încovoiere. The Fruhling-Michaelis apparatus is used to determine the resistance to bending of a prism. This apparatus applies a bending force to the prism and measures the resulting deformation or strain. By analyzing the relationship between the applied force and the resulting deformation, the resistance to bending can be calculated.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) rezistenţa la întindere prin încovoiere. The Fruhling-Michaelis apparatus is used to determine the resistance to bending of a prism. This apparatus applies a bending force to the prism and measures the resulting deformation or strain. By analyzing the relationship between the applied force and the resulting deformation, the resistance to bending can be calculated.

155. 35. In cazul unui material cu umiditate 0% in stare naturala, cu relatia mu-m/m 100 % se poate calcula:

a) umiditatea relativă;

b) umiditatea absoluta;

c) absorbtia de apă în masă;

d) absorbţia de apă în volum;

e) capilaritatea.

The given question is in Romanian and it asks about the calculation that can be done when the moisture content of a material is 0% in its natural state with a mu-m/m relationship of 100%. The correct answer, "c) absorbtia de apă în masă," translates to "absorption of water in mass." This suggests that when the moisture content is 0% and the mu-m/m relationship is 100%, it is possible to calculate the mass of water absorption.

Explanation

The given question is in Romanian and it asks about the calculation that can be done when the moisture content of a material is 0% in its natural state with a mu-m/m relationship of 100%. The correct answer, "c) absorbtia de apă în masă," translates to "absorption of water in mass." This suggests that when the moisture content is 0% and the mu-m/m relationship is 100%, it is possible to calculate the mass of water absorption.

156. 145. Ghipsul , tuful calcaros şi travertinul sunt roci :

a) magmatice intrusive ;

b) magmatice filoviene ;

c) magmatice efuzive ;

d) sedimentare detritice ;

e) sedimentare de precipitaţie .

Ghipsul, tuful calcaros şi travertinul sunt roci sedimentare de precipitaţie. Aceste roci se formează prin precipitarea şi depunerea de minerale din soluţii apoase, cum ar fi carbonaţii sau sulfuri, care se acumulează treptat şi se consolidează în timp. Ghipsul este format din sulfat de calciu, tuful calcaros din carbonat de calciu, iar travertinul din carbonat de calciu precipitat din ape termale. Toate aceste procese de precipitare determină formarea de roci sedimentare.

Explanation

Ghipsul, tuful calcaros şi travertinul sunt roci sedimentare de precipitaţie. Aceste roci se formează prin precipitarea şi depunerea de minerale din soluţii apoase, cum ar fi carbonaţii sau sulfuri, care se acumulează treptat şi se consolidează în timp. Ghipsul este format din sulfat de calciu, tuful calcaros din carbonat de calciu, iar travertinul din carbonat de calciu precipitat din ape termale. Toate aceste procese de precipitare determină formarea de roci sedimentare.

157. 191. Agregatele compacte grele sunt :

a) scoria bazalticã , piatra ponce , tuful vulcanic ;

b) granulitul , perlitul expandat , zgura expandatã , algoporitul , sparturile ceramice ;

c) rumeguşul , cojile de copac , deşeurile textile , puzderia de in şi cânepã , cojile de orez

d) nisip , pietriş , bolovani şi balast ;

e) nisipul de concasaj , filerul , savura , splitul , criblura obţinutã prin dublã concasare şi piatrã spartã

The correct answer is d) nisip, pietriş, bolovani şi balast. This answer choice lists different types of heavy compact aggregates commonly used in construction. Nisip (sand), pietriş (gravel), bolovani (pebbles), and balast (ballast) are all examples of heavy compact aggregates that are used to reinforce and stabilize structures such as roads, railways, and concrete foundations. These materials provide strength and stability to the construction projects and are essential components in the building industry.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) nisip, pietriş, bolovani şi balast. This answer choice lists different types of heavy compact aggregates commonly used in construction. Nisip (sand), pietriş (gravel), bolovani (pebbles), and balast (ballast) are all examples of heavy compact aggregates that are used to reinforce and stabilize structures such as roads, railways, and concrete foundations. These materials provide strength and stability to the construction projects and are essential components in the building industry.

158. 162. Rocile alcãtuite din straturi succesive de minerale , toate stratele fiind alcãtuite dintr-un singur mineral se numesc :

a) roci cu texturã stratificatã ;

b) roci cu texturã neorientatã (masivã) ;

c) roci cu structurã holocristalinã ;

d) roci cu structurã hemicristalinã ;

e) roci cu texturã sistoasã

Rocile alcătuite din straturi succesive de minerale, toate stratele fiind alcătuite dintr-un singur mineral, se numesc roci cu textură stratificată. This means that the rocks are composed of layers of minerals, with each layer being made up of a single mineral. The term "stratified" refers to the layered nature of these rocks.

Explanation

Rocile alcătuite din straturi succesive de minerale, toate stratele fiind alcătuite dintr-un singur mineral, se numesc roci cu textură stratificată. This means that the rocks are composed of layers of minerals, with each layer being made up of a single mineral. The term "stratified" refers to the layered nature of these rocks.

159. 52. Căldura degajată la arderea completă a unui kg din acel material determină:

a) rezistenţa la transfer termic;

b) căldura specifică;

c) conductivitatea termică;

d) capacitatea calorică;

e) coeficientul de dilatare liniară.

The correct answer is d) capacitatea calorică. Capacitatea calorică se referă la cantitatea de căldură necesară pentru a crește temperatura unui obiect cu o anumită valoare. Prin arderea completă a unui kg din acel material, se degajă o anumită cantitate de căldură, iar capacitatea calorică măsoară capacitatea materialului de a absorbi această căldură.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) capacitatea calorică. Capacitatea calorică se referă la cantitatea de căldură necesară pentru a crește temperatura unui obiect cu o anumită valoare. Prin arderea completă a unui kg din acel material, se degajă o anumită cantitate de căldură, iar capacitatea calorică măsoară capacitatea materialului de a absorbi această căldură.

160. 50. Cantitatea de căldură ce trece printr-o suprafată de 1 m² cu grosimea de 1m, în timp de 1h, la o diferenţă de temperatură de 1ºC, între feţele unui material omogen, determină:

a) rezistenţa la transfer termic;

b) căldura specifică;

c) conductivitatea termică;

d) capacitatea calorică;

e) coeficientul de dilatare liniară.

The correct answer is c) conductivitatea termică. This is because the question is asking about the quantity of heat passing through a surface with a specific area, thickness, and temperature difference. The property that determines this heat transfer is the conductivitatea termică, which measures how well a material can conduct heat.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) conductivitatea termică. This is because the question is asking about the quantity of heat passing through a surface with a specific area, thickness, and temperature difference. The property that determines this heat transfer is the conductivitatea termică, which measures how well a material can conduct heat.

161. 153. Rocile sedimentare pot fi:

a) detritice cimentate

b) detritice necimentate

c) granitice, bazaltice

d) organogene

e) intrusive si filoniene.

Rocile sedimentare pot fi de două tipuri: detritice cimentate și detritice necimentate. Rocile detritice cimentate sunt formate din fragmente de roci preexistente care au fost compactate și cimentate împreună prin procese de diageneză. Rocile detritice necimentate sunt formate din fragmente de roci preexistente care nu au fost compactate sau cimentate împreună. Rocile organogene sunt formate din resturi de organisme și materie organică acumulate în timp. Prin urmare, răspunsul corect este a) detritice cimentate, b) detritice necimentate și d) organogene.

Explanation

Rocile sedimentare pot fi de două tipuri: detritice cimentate și detritice necimentate. Rocile detritice cimentate sunt formate din fragmente de roci preexistente care au fost compactate și cimentate împreună prin procese de diageneză. Rocile detritice necimentate sunt formate din fragmente de roci preexistente care nu au fost compactate sau cimentate împreună. Rocile organogene sunt formate din resturi de organisme și materie organică acumulate în timp. Prin urmare, răspunsul corect este a) detritice cimentate, b) detritice necimentate și d) organogene.

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162. 28. Relatia Vp/Va determina:

a) compactitatea;

b) porozitatea;

c) densitatea;

d) greutatea specifica;

e) volumul de goluri.

The relationship between Vp/Va determines the porosity of a material. Porosity refers to the amount of empty space or voids within a material. Vp represents the volume of pores or voids in the material, while Va represents the total volume of the material. By comparing the volume of pores to the total volume, we can determine the porosity of the material. Therefore, the correct answer is b) porosity.

Explanation

The relationship between Vp/Va determines the porosity of a material. Porosity refers to the amount of empty space or voids within a material. Vp represents the volume of pores or voids in the material, while Va represents the total volume of the material. By comparing the volume of pores to the total volume, we can determine the porosity of the material. Therefore, the correct answer is b) porosity.

163. 81. Relaţia R_s =G(suma)hi/V, determină:

a) rezistenţa la compresiune;

b) rezistenţa la întindere axială;

c) rezistenţa la întindere prin încovoiere;

d) rezistenţa la încovoiere prin şoc;

e) rezistenţa la compresiune prin şoc.

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Explanation

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164. 85. Materialul utilizat pentru determinarea constantei permeabilimetrului Blaine este;

a) ciment;

b) pulbere standard;

c) mercur;

d) var;

e) ipsos.

The material used to determine the Blaine permeability constant is a standard powder. This is because the Blaine permeability test measures the fineness of cement, and a standard powder is used as a reference material to compare the fineness of the cement being tested. The standard powder allows for consistent and accurate measurements of the Blaine permeability constant, ensuring reliable results in assessing the fineness of cement samples.

Explanation

The material used to determine the Blaine permeability constant is a standard powder. This is because the Blaine permeability test measures the fineness of cement, and a standard powder is used as a reference material to compare the fineness of the cement being tested. The standard powder allows for consistent and accurate measurements of the Blaine permeability constant, ensuring reliable results in assessing the fineness of cement samples.

165. 195. Prin curba de granulozitate se înţelege :

a) compoziţia procentualã (în volume) a diferitelor sorturi sau fracţiuni ce compun un agregat ;

b) reprezentarea graficã a resturilor (în greutate) din seria de ciururi şi site standard ;

c) reprezentarea graficã a trecerilor exprimate in procente prin seria de ciururi şi site standard ;

d) compoziţia procentualã (în greutate) a diferitelor sorturi şi fracţiuni de agregat ce compun un agregat ;

e) toate granulele de agregat care au granulele de diametru cuprins între douã site sau ciururi impuse .

The correct answer is c) reprezentarea grafică a trecerilor exprimate in procente prin seria de ciururi şi site standard. This means that the term "curba de granulozitate" refers to the graphical representation of the percentage passing through a series of standard sieves. It represents the distribution of particle sizes in an aggregate.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) reprezentarea grafică a trecerilor exprimate in procente prin seria de ciururi şi site standard. This means that the term "curba de granulozitate" refers to the graphical representation of the percentage passing through a series of standard sieves. It represents the distribution of particle sizes in an aggregate.

166. 157. Ghipsul , tuful calcaros şi travertinul sunt roci :

a) magmatice intrusive ;

b) magmatice filoviene ;

c) magmatice efuzive ;

d) sedimentare detritice ;

e) sedimentare de precipitaţie .

The correct answer is e) sedimentare de precipitaţie. Ghipsul, tuful calcaros şi travertinul sunt roci sedimentare de precipitaţie. Aceste roci se formează prin precipitarea sau cristalizarea substanțelor dizolvate în apă, cum ar fi carbonatul de calciu sau sulfatul de calciu. Ghipsul se formează prin evaporarea apei din soluții concentrate de sulfat de calciu, tuful calcaros se formează prin precipitarea carbonatului de calciu din apă și travertinul se formează prin precipitarea carbonatului de calciu din apele termale.

Explanation

The correct answer is e) sedimentare de precipitaţie. Ghipsul, tuful calcaros şi travertinul sunt roci sedimentare de precipitaţie. Aceste roci se formează prin precipitarea sau cristalizarea substanțelor dizolvate în apă, cum ar fi carbonatul de calciu sau sulfatul de calciu. Ghipsul se formează prin evaporarea apei din soluții concentrate de sulfat de calciu, tuful calcaros se formează prin precipitarea carbonatului de calciu din apă și travertinul se formează prin precipitarea carbonatului de calciu din apele termale.

167. 111. Forţa tangenţială ce acţionează la suprafaţa lichidului pe unitatea de lungime şi se opune măririi suprafeţei, determină:

a) duritatea tempoarră;

b) duritatea permanentă;

c) duritatea totală;

d) vascozitatea;

e) tensiunea superficială.

The correct answer is e) tensiunea superficială. The question asks about the force that acts on the surface of a liquid per unit length and opposes the increase in surface area. This force is known as surface tension. Surface tension is responsible for the phenomenon where liquid droplets form spherical shapes and can support objects that are denser than the liquid itself. It is also what allows insects to walk on water and causes capillary action in plants.

Explanation

The correct answer is e) tensiunea superficială. The question asks about the force that acts on the surface of a liquid per unit length and opposes the increase in surface area. This force is known as surface tension. Surface tension is responsible for the phenomenon where liquid droplets form spherical shapes and can support objects that are denser than the liquid itself. It is also what allows insects to walk on water and causes capillary action in plants.

168. 115. Clorurile, azotaţii, sulfaţii care persistă şi după fierberea apei, formează:

a) duritatea temporară;

b) duritatea permanentă;

c) duritatea totală;

d) vascozitatea;

Clorurile, azotaţii, sulfaţii care persistă şi după fierberea apei formează duritatea permanentă. Duritatea permanentă se referă la conținutul de săruri de calciu și magneziu dizolvate în apă, care nu pot fi eliminate prin fierbere. Aceste săruri pot cauza depuneri de calcar pe suprafețe și pot afecta funcționarea echipamentelor și instalațiilor care utilizează apă. Duritatea temporară, în schimb, este cauzată de bicarbonați de calciu și magneziu care se pot elimina prin fierbere. Duritatea totală reprezintă suma durității permanente și temporare. Vascozitatea nu are nicio legătură cu duritatea apei.

Explanation

Clorurile, azotaţii, sulfaţii care persistă şi după fierberea apei formează duritatea permanentă. Duritatea permanentă se referă la conținutul de săruri de calciu și magneziu dizolvate în apă, care nu pot fi eliminate prin fierbere. Aceste săruri pot cauza depuneri de calcar pe suprafețe și pot afecta funcționarea echipamentelor și instalațiilor care utilizează apă. Duritatea temporară, în schimb, este cauzată de bicarbonați de calciu și magneziu care se pot elimina prin fierbere. Duritatea totală reprezintă suma durității permanente și temporare. Vascozitatea nu are nicio legătură cu duritatea apei.

169. 25. Gradul de umplere al volumului aparent cu material solid determină:

a) volumul de goluri;

b) compactitatea;

c) densitatea;

d) greutatea specifică;

e) porozitatea.

The correct answer is b) compactitatea. The degree of filling of the apparent volume with solid material determines the compactness or density of the material. A higher degree of filling indicates a more compact material, while a lower degree of filling indicates a less compact material.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) compactitatea. The degree of filling of the apparent volume with solid material determines the compactness or density of the material. A higher degree of filling indicates a more compact material, while a lower degree of filling indicates a less compact material.

170. 80. Relaţia K_n = Gh/A0 determină:

a) rezistenţa la compresiune;

b) rezistenţa la întindere axială;

d) rezistenţa la încovoiere prin şoc;

e) rezistenţa la compresiune prin şoc.

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Explanation

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171. 189. Agregtele organice pot fi :

a) obtinute prin sfarmarea naturala a rocilor

b) obtinute prin sfarmarea artificiala a rocilor

c) obtinute din deseuri de cauciuc

d) obtinute din deseuri ceramice

e) obtinute din rumegusul de lemn

Organic aggregates can be obtained from waste rubber and wood chips.

Explanation

Organic aggregates can be obtained from waste rubber and wood chips.

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172. 185. Argila expandata, zgura expandata, granulitul, perlitul expandat sunt:

a) agregate anorganice naturale;

b) agregate anorganice artificiale;

c) agregate organice naturale;

d) agregate organice artificiale;

e) agregate de concasaj.

The given materials, argila expandata, zgura expandata, granulitul, perlitul expandat, are all artificial inorganic aggregates. They are not naturally occurring, but rather are produced through industrial processes. Therefore, the correct answer is b) agregate anorganice artificiale.

Explanation

The given materials, argila expandata, zgura expandata, granulitul, perlitul expandat, are all artificial inorganic aggregates. They are not naturally occurring, but rather are produced through industrial processes. Therefore, the correct answer is b) agregate anorganice artificiale.

173. 132. Rocile alcãtuite din minerale cristaline amestecate cu minerale amorfe se numesc:

a) roci cu texturã stratificatã ;

b) roci cu texturã neosientalã (masivã) ;

c) roci cu structurã holocristalinã ;

d) roci cu structurã hemicristalinã ;

e) roci cu texturã sistoasã .

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Explanation

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174. 108. p = p₀ ( 1 + beta x t), reprezintă legea transformării:

a) izobare;

b) izocore;

c) izoterme;

d) adiabate;

e) generale a gazului ideal.

The equation p = p0 (1 + beta x t) represents the law of transformation for an isochoric process. In an isochoric process, the volume of the gas remains constant, so the equation relates the pressure (p) at a given time (t) to the initial pressure (p0) and a constant factor (beta). This equation is specific to isochoric processes and does not apply to other types of gas transformations such as isobaric, isothermal, adiabatic, or general transformations of an ideal gas.

Explanation

The equation p = p0 (1 + beta x t) represents the law of transformation for an isochoric process. In an isochoric process, the volume of the gas remains constant, so the equation relates the pressure (p) at a given time (t) to the initial pressure (p0) and a constant factor (beta). This equation is specific to isochoric processes and does not apply to other types of gas transformations such as isobaric, isothermal, adiabatic, or general transformations of an ideal gas.

175. 24. Un material poros se caracterizeaza prin:

a) C < 1;

b) C = 1

c) n > 1;

d) n < 1;

e) n = 0.

A porous material is characterized by a porosity factor, denoted as C. The porosity factor represents the ratio of the volume of voids or pores in the material to the total volume of the material. A value of C less than 1 indicates that the volume of voids is less than the total volume, meaning that the material is not fully porous. Therefore, option a) C

Explanation

A porous material is characterized by a porosity factor, denoted as C. The porosity factor represents the ratio of the volume of voids or pores in the material to the total volume of the material. A value of C less than 1 indicates that the volume of voids is less than the total volume, meaning that the material is not fully porous. Therefore, option a) C

176. 144. Grohotişurile , prundişurile , nisipurile , conglomeratele şi gresiile sunt roci :

a) magmatice intrusive ;

b) magmatice filoviene ;

c) magmatice efuzive ;

d) sedimentare detritice ;

e) sedimentare de precipitaţie

The given answer is d) sedimentare detritice. This is because the terms "grohotişurile, prundişurile, nisipurile, conglomeratele şi gresiile" are all types of sedimentary rocks that are formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediments, such as rock fragments, sand, and gravel. These rocks are not formed from the cooling and solidification of molten material (magmatice intrusive or magmatice filoviene) or from volcanic activity (magmatice efuzive). They are also not formed through the precipitation of minerals from solution (sedimentare de precipitaţie). Therefore, the most appropriate classification for these rocks is sedimentare detritice.

Explanation

The given answer is d) sedimentare detritice. This is because the terms "grohotişurile, prundişurile, nisipurile, conglomeratele şi gresiile" are all types of sedimentary rocks that are formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediments, such as rock fragments, sand, and gravel. These rocks are not formed from the cooling and solidification of molten material (magmatice intrusive or magmatice filoviene) or from volcanic activity (magmatice efuzive). They are also not formed through the precipitation of minerals from solution (sedimentare de precipitaţie). Therefore, the most appropriate classification for these rocks is sedimentare detritice.

177. 51. Căldura necesară unui kg dintr-un material pentru a-si mari temperatura cu 1ºC, în condiţii normale de temperatură şi presiune, determină:

a) rezistenţa la transfer termic;

b) căldura specifică;

c) conductivitatea termică;

d) capacitatea calorică;

e) coeficientul de dilatare liniară.

The correct answer is b) căldura specifică. Căldura necesară unui kg dintr-un material pentru a-și mari temperatura cu 1°C este o măsură a căldurii specifice a materialului. Căldura specifică reprezintă cantitatea de căldură necesară pentru a crește temperatura unei unități de masă a materialului cu o unitate de temperatură.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) căldura specifică. Căldura necesară unui kg dintr-un material pentru a-și mari temperatura cu 1°C este o măsură a căldurii specifice a materialului. Căldura specifică reprezintă cantitatea de căldură necesară pentru a crește temperatura unei unități de masă a materialului cu o unitate de temperatură.

178. 179. Dupã compoziţia granulometrcã , agregatele pot fi :

a) nisip , pietriş , bolovani şi balast ;

b) naturale şi artificiale ;

c) grele compacte ( Pga>=1200kg/m³ ) şi uşoare poroase ( Pga

d) cu granule rotunjite , poliedrice , lamelare şi aciculare ;

e) cu granulozitate continuã , granulozitate discontinuã şi monogranulare

The correct answer states that aggregates can have continuous granulosity, discontinuous granulosity, and monogranularity. This means that aggregates can have a continuous distribution of particle sizes, a discontinuous distribution of particle sizes, or consist of only one size of particles. This explanation provides a clear understanding of the different types of granulosity that aggregates can have.

Explanation

The correct answer states that aggregates can have continuous granulosity, discontinuous granulosity, and monogranularity. This means that aggregates can have a continuous distribution of particle sizes, a discontinuous distribution of particle sizes, or consist of only one size of particles. This explanation provides a clear understanding of the different types of granulosity that aggregates can have.

179. 33. Cantitatea de apa pe care un material o absoarbe si retine in pori si capilare determina:

a) capilaritatea;

b) hidroscopicitatea;

c) umiditatea materialului;

d) absorbtia de apa;

e) gelivitatea.

The correct answer is d) absorbtia de apa. This is because the quantity of water that a material absorbs and retains in its pores and capillaries is directly related to its ability to absorb water. The term "absorbtia de apa" refers specifically to the process of water absorption by a material.

Explanation

The correct answer is d) absorbtia de apa. This is because the quantity of water that a material absorbs and retains in its pores and capillaries is directly related to its ability to absorb water. The term "absorbtia de apa" refers specifically to the process of water absorption by a material.

180. 107. V = V_o(1 + alfa x t), reprezintă legea transformării:

a) izobare;

b) izocore;

c) izoterme;

d) adiabate;

e) generale a gazului ideal.

The equation V = Vo(1 + alfa x t) represents the law of transformation for an isobaric process. In an isobaric process, the pressure remains constant while the volume changes. The equation shows that the volume (V) is directly proportional to the initial volume (Vo) and the product of the coefficient alfa and the time (t). This indicates that as time increases, the volume of the gas increases proportionally. Therefore, the correct answer is a) izobare.

Explanation

The equation V = Vo(1 + alfa x t) represents the law of transformation for an isobaric process. In an isobaric process, the pressure remains constant while the volume changes. The equation shows that the volume (V) is directly proportional to the initial volume (Vo) and the product of the coefficient alfa and the time (t). This indicates that as time increases, the volume of the gas increases proportionally. Therefore, the correct answer is a) izobare.

181. 194. Balastul este:

a) agregat cu dimensiunea maxima de 7 mm;

b) agregat cu dimensiunea maxima de 15 mm;

c) agregat cu dimensiunea maxima de 70 mm;

d) agregat cu dimensiunea maxima de 150 mm;

e) un amestec natural de nisip si pietris.

Balastul este un agregat cu dimensiunea maximă de 70 mm și este, de asemenea, un amestec natural de nisip și pietriș.

Explanation

Balastul este un agregat cu dimensiunea maximă de 70 mm și este, de asemenea, un amestec natural de nisip și pietriș.

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182. 125. Fenomenul în urma căruia, ala limita de separaţie se formează un stat monomolecular de particule, se numeşte:

a) adsorbţie;

b) absorbţie;

c) sorbţie;

d) desorbţie;

e) chemiosorbţie.

The correct answer is a) adsorbţie. Adsorption is the phenomenon where a monomolecular layer of particles forms at the separation boundary. It involves the adherence of molecules or particles to a solid surface. This can occur through physical or chemical interactions between the adsorbate (the substance being adsorbed) and the adsorbent (the solid surface). Adsorption is commonly used in various industries, such as in water treatment, catalysis, and gas separation processes.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) adsorbţie. Adsorption is the phenomenon where a monomolecular layer of particles forms at the separation boundary. It involves the adherence of molecules or particles to a solid surface. This can occur through physical or chemical interactions between the adsorbate (the substance being adsorbed) and the adsorbent (the solid surface). Adsorption is commonly used in various industries, such as in water treatment, catalysis, and gas separation processes.

183. 9. Metoda volumului de lichid dizlocuit este utilizata pentru determinarea:

a) volumului real pentru corpuri compacte cu formă geometrică regulată;

b) volumului real pentru corpuri compacte cu formă geometrică neregulată;

c) volumul materialelor sub forma de pulbere;

d) volumul materialelor poroase cu formă geometrică regulată;

e) volumul materialelor poroase cu formă geometrică neregulată;

The correct answer is b) volumului real pentru corpuri compacte cu formă geometrică neregulată; and e) volumul materialelor poroase cu formă geometrică neregulată. The method of displaced liquid volume is used to determine the real volume of objects with irregular geometric shapes and the volume of porous materials with irregular geometric shapes. This method involves measuring the volume of liquid displaced when the object or material is submerged in a container of liquid. Since irregularly shaped objects and porous materials cannot be easily measured using traditional methods, this method provides an accurate way to determine their volume.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) volumului real pentru corpuri compacte cu formă geometrică neregulată; and e) volumul materialelor poroase cu formă geometrică neregulată. The method of displaced liquid volume is used to determine the real volume of objects with irregular geometric shapes and the volume of porous materials with irregular geometric shapes. This method involves measuring the volume of liquid displaced when the object or material is submerged in a container of liquid. Since irregularly shaped objects and porous materials cannot be easily measured using traditional methods, this method provides an accurate way to determine their volume.

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184. 202. Agregatele uşoare artificiale anorganice sunt :

a) scoria bazalticã , piatra ponce , tuful vulcanic ;

b) granulitul , perlitul expandat , zgura expandatã , algoporitul , sparturile ceramice ;

c) rumeguşul , cojile de copac , deşeurile textile , puzderia de in şi cânepã , cojile de orez

d) nisip , pietrş , bolovani şi balast ;

e) nisipul de concasaj , filerul , savura , splitul , criblura obţinutã prin dublã concasare şi piatrã spartã

The correct answer is b) granulitul, perlitul expandat, zgura expandată, algoporitul, spărturile ceramice. These are examples of lightweight artificial inorganic aggregates. Granulite is a type of rock that can be crushed and used as an aggregate. Expanded perlite and expanded slag are lightweight aggregates that are produced by heating and expanding natural materials. Algoporitul is a type of lightweight aggregate made from recycled materials. Ceramic shards or spalls can also be used as lightweight aggregates in concrete production. These aggregates are commonly used in construction applications where lightweight materials are desired.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) granulitul, perlitul expandat, zgura expandată, algoporitul, spărturile ceramice. These are examples of lightweight artificial inorganic aggregates. Granulite is a type of rock that can be crushed and used as an aggregate. Expanded perlite and expanded slag are lightweight aggregates that are produced by heating and expanding natural materials. Algoporitul is a type of lightweight aggregate made from recycled materials. Ceramic shards or spalls can also be used as lightweight aggregates in concrete production. These aggregates are commonly used in construction applications where lightweight materials are desired.

185. 119. Dislocaţiile ce apar sub acţiunea sarcinilor mecanice exterioare, pot fi:

a) reţele cu noduri neocuapte;

b) reţele cu atomi stăini;

c) distorsiuni (încovoiere);

d) translaţii (forfecare);

e) maclări.

Dislocations that occur under the action of external mechanical loads can manifest as distortions (bending), translations (shearing), and twinning.

Explanation

Dislocations that occur under the action of external mechanical loads can manifest as distortions (bending), translations (shearing), and twinning.

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186. 204. Deseurile de cauciuc sunt agregate:

a) agregate anorganice naturale;

b) agregate anorganice artificiale;

c) agregate organice naturale;

d) agregate organice artificiale;

e) agregate de concasaj.

Deseurile de cauciuc sunt considerate agregate organice artificiale deoarece sunt produse dintr-un material de origine organică (cauciucul) și sunt obținute prin procese artificiale de reciclare sau reutilizare. Acestea pot fi utilizate ca agregate în diverse aplicații, cum ar fi în producția de asfalt sau în construcții, pentru a îmbunătăți proprietățile materialelor și pentru a reduce impactul asupra mediului prin reciclarea deșeurilor de cauciuc.

Explanation

Deseurile de cauciuc sunt considerate agregate organice artificiale deoarece sunt produse dintr-un material de origine organică (cauciucul) și sunt obținute prin procese artificiale de reciclare sau reutilizare. Acestea pot fi utilizate ca agregate în diverse aplicații, cum ar fi în producția de asfalt sau în construcții, pentru a îmbunătăți proprietățile materialelor și pentru a reduce impactul asupra mediului prin reciclarea deșeurilor de cauciuc.

187. 82. In cazul unei prisme cu crestătură la mijloc, se determină:

a) rezistenţa la compresiune;

b) rezistenţa la întindere axială;

c) rezistenţa la întindere prin încovoiere;

d) rezistenţa la încovoiere prin şoc;

e) rezistenţa la compresiune prin şoc.

In the case of a prism with a notch in the middle, the resistance to bending through shock is determined. This means that the strength of the prism to withstand sudden impacts or shocks that cause bending or deformation is being measured. It is important to assess this type of resistance in certain applications where the prism may be subjected to sudden forces or impacts that could potentially cause it to break or deform.

Explanation

In the case of a prism with a notch in the middle, the resistance to bending through shock is determined. This means that the strength of the prism to withstand sudden impacts or shocks that cause bending or deformation is being measured. It is important to assess this type of resistance in certain applications where the prism may be subjected to sudden forces or impacts that could potentially cause it to break or deform.

188. 106. pmV = const, reprezintă legea transformării;

a) izobare;

b) izocore;

c) izoterme;

d) adiabate;

e) generale a gazului ideal.

The equation p*V = const represents the isothermal transformation law. In an isothermal transformation, the temperature of the system remains constant, so the product of pressure and volume must also remain constant. This relationship is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics and is used to describe processes where heat is exchanged between a system and its surroundings at a constant temperature.

Explanation

The equation p*V = const represents the isothermal transformation law. In an isothermal transformation, the temperature of the system remains constant, so the product of pressure and volume must also remain constant. This relationship is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics and is used to describe processes where heat is exchanged between a system and its surroundings at a constant temperature.

189. 110. pmV^g = const., reprezintă legea transformării;

a) izobare;

b) izocore;

c) izoterme;

d) adiabate;

e) generale a gazului ideal.

The equation p*Vg = const. represents the adiabatic transformation law. Adiabatic transformations are characterized by the absence of heat exchange with the surroundings. In this case, the product of pressure (p) and specific volume (Vg) remains constant throughout the transformation. This relationship is often observed in thermodynamic processes where the system is well insulated and there is no heat transfer.

Explanation

The equation p*Vg = const. represents the adiabatic transformation law. Adiabatic transformations are characterized by the absence of heat exchange with the surroundings. In this case, the product of pressure (p) and specific volume (Vg) remains constant throughout the transformation. This relationship is often observed in thermodynamic processes where the system is well insulated and there is no heat transfer.

190. 48. Un material care conţine un surplus de energie calorică o transmite prin:

a) conducţie;

b) convecţie;

c) radiaţie;

d) penetraţie;

e) gelivitate.

The correct answer is a) conducţie;, b) convecţie;, c) radiaţie.

A material that contains an excess of thermal energy can transfer it through different methods. Conduction refers to the transfer of heat through direct contact between particles of the material. Convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid, such as air or water. Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. In this case, the material can transfer the excess thermal energy through all three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) conducţie;, b) convecţie;, c) radiaţie.

A material that contains an excess of thermal energy can transfer it through different methods. Conduction refers to the transfer of heat through direct contact between particles of the material. Convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid, such as air or water. Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. In this case, the material can transfer the excess thermal energy through all three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.

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191. 100. In cazul metodei mecanice cu recul, coeficientul total ce ţine cont de biografia betonului se calculează cu relaţia:

a) CT = Ca x Cm x Cu;

b) CT = Cp x Cm x Cu;

c) CT = Ca x Cc x Cd x Cm x Cu;

d) CT = Ca x Cc x Cd x C0taiat x Cg x Cm x Cu x Cp;

e) CT = Cc x Cd x Cm x Cp;

The correct answer is c) CT = Ca x Cc x Cd x Cm x Cu. This equation represents the calculation of the total coefficient that takes into account the biography of the concrete in the mechanical recoil method. Each variable in the equation represents a different factor that affects the concrete's behavior, such as Ca for the age factor, Cc for the curing factor, Cd for the drying factor, Cm for the moisture factor, and Cu for the utilization factor. By multiplying these coefficients together, the total coefficient can be determined, which helps in evaluating the behavior of the concrete in the mechanical recoil method.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) CT = Ca x Cc x Cd x Cm x Cu. This equation represents the calculation of the total coefficient that takes into account the biography of the concrete in the mechanical recoil method. Each variable in the equation represents a different factor that affects the concrete's behavior, such as Ca for the age factor, Cc for the curing factor, Cd for the drying factor, Cm for the moisture factor, and Cu for the utilization factor. By multiplying these coefficients together, the total coefficient can be determined, which helps in evaluating the behavior of the concrete in the mechanical recoil method.

192. 140. Diatomitul şi calcarul cochilifer sunt roci :

a) sedimentare detritice ;

b) metamorfice ;

c) sedimentare de precipitaţie ;

d) magmatice filoviene ;

e) sedimentare organogene .

The correct answer is e) sedimentare organogene. Diatomitul şi calcarul cochilifer are a sedimentary origin and are formed from the accumulation of organic remains. Diatomite is composed of the silica shells of diatoms, while limestone is composed of the shells and skeletons of marine organisms. These rocks are formed through the processes of deposition and compaction of organic materials over time.

Explanation

The correct answer is e) sedimentare organogene. Diatomitul şi calcarul cochilifer are a sedimentary origin and are formed from the accumulation of organic remains. Diatomite is composed of the silica shells of diatoms, while limestone is composed of the shells and skeletons of marine organisms. These rocks are formed through the processes of deposition and compaction of organic materials over time.

193. 113. Totalitatea sărurilor de Ca şi Mg dizolvate în apă, formează:

a) duritatea tempoarră;

b) duritatea permanentă;

c) duritatea totală;

d) vascozitatea;

e) tensiunea superficială.

The correct answer is c) duritatea totală. Duritatea totală reprezintă suma concentrațiilor de săruri de calciu și magneziu dizolvate în apă. Aceste săruri pot include carbonați, bicarbonați, sulfați și cloruri. Duritatea totală a apei poate afecta calitatea apei potabile și poate duce la depunerea de reziduuri pe suprafețele cu care intră în contact.

Explanation

The correct answer is c) duritatea totală. Duritatea totală reprezintă suma concentrațiilor de săruri de calciu și magneziu dizolvate în apă. Aceste săruri pot include carbonați, bicarbonați, sulfați și cloruri. Duritatea totală a apei poate afecta calitatea apei potabile și poate duce la depunerea de reziduuri pe suprafețele cu care intră în contact.

194. 86. Suprafata specifică pentru o pulbere, utilizand permeabilimetrul Blaine, se defineste ca fiind:

a) volumul tuturor granulelor dintr-un gram de pulbere;

b) volumul tuturor granulelor din 5 grame de pulbere;

c) suprafata laterală a tuturor granulelor dintr-un gram de pulbere;

d) suprafata laterală a tuturor granulelor din 5 grame de pulbere;

e) o măsura a fineţii de măcinare.

The specific surface area for a powder, using the Blaine permeameter, is defined as the lateral surface area of all the particles in one gram of powder. It is also a measure of the fineness of grinding.

Explanation

The specific surface area for a powder, using the Blaine permeameter, is defined as the lateral surface area of all the particles in one gram of powder. It is also a measure of the fineness of grinding.

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195. 138. Rocile alcãtuite din straturi succesive de minerale , fiecare strat fiind alcãtuit din alt mineral se numesc :

a) roci cu texturã stratificatã ;

b) roci cu texturã neorientatã (masivã) ;

c) roci cu structurã holocristalinã ;

d) roci cu structurã hemicristalinã ;

e) roci cu texturã sistoasã .

Rocile alcătuite din straturi succesive de minerale, fiecare strat fiind alcătuit din alt mineral, se numesc roci cu textură sistoasă. This statement explains that rocks composed of successive layers of minerals, with each layer being composed of a different mineral, are called rocks with a schistose texture.

Explanation

Rocile alcătuite din straturi succesive de minerale, fiecare strat fiind alcătuit din alt mineral, se numesc roci cu textură sistoasă. This statement explains that rocks composed of successive layers of minerals, with each layer being composed of a different mineral, are called rocks with a schistose texture.

196. 45. Temperatura la care un material se înmoaie sub greutatea proprie, determină:

a) punctul de inflamabilitate;

b) punctul de aprindere;

c) punctul de înmuiere;

d) refractaritatea;

e) punctul de topire.

The correct answer for this question is c) punctul de înmuiere; and d) refractaritatea. The temperature at which a material softens under its own weight is known as the "punctul de înmuiere" or the softening point. This is an important property to consider when determining the material's behavior under certain conditions. Refractoriness, on the other hand, refers to the ability of a material to withstand high temperatures without melting or deforming. Both of these properties are relevant when considering the behavior of a material under heat.

Explanation

The correct answer for this question is c) punctul de înmuiere; and d) refractaritatea. The temperature at which a material softens under its own weight is known as the "punctul de înmuiere" or the softening point. This is an important property to consider when determining the material's behavior under certain conditions. Refractoriness, on the other hand, refers to the ability of a material to withstand high temperatures without melting or deforming. Both of these properties are relevant when considering the behavior of a material under heat.

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197. 161. Rocile magmatice intrusive sunt roci:

a) cu structura hemicristalina si textura neorientata;

b) cu structura holocristalina si textura neorientata;

c) cu structura holocristalina si textura sistoasa

d) cu structura holocristalina si textura stratificata

e) cu structura amorfa.

The correct answer is b) cu structura holocristalina si textura neorientata. This means that intrusive igneous rocks have a holocrystalline structure, which means that they are composed entirely of crystals, and a non-oriented texture, which means that the crystals are randomly arranged and do not show any preferred orientation.

Explanation

The correct answer is b) cu structura holocristalina si textura neorientata. This means that intrusive igneous rocks have a holocrystalline structure, which means that they are composed entirely of crystals, and a non-oriented texture, which means that the crystals are randomly arranged and do not show any preferred orientation.

198. 139. Rocile formate prin rãcirea şi întãrirea magmei în apropierea scoarţei terestre se numesc :

a) roci granitice ;

b) roci bazaltice ;

c) roci efuzive ;

d) roci intrusive ;

e) roci filoviene .

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Explanation

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199. 102. In cazul metodelor mecanice cu amprentă, coeficientul total, ce ţine cont de biografia betonului, se calculează cu relaţia:

a) CT = Ca x Cm x Cu;

b) CT = Cp x Cm x Cu;

c) CT = Ca x Cc x Cd x Cm x Cu;

d) CT = Ca x Cc x Cd x C0taiat x Cg x Cm x Cu x Cp;

e) CT = Cc x Cd x Cm x Cp;

The correct answer is b) CT = Cp x Cm x Cu. This equation calculates the total coefficient, taking into account the age of the concrete (Cp), the moisture content (Cm), and the curing conditions (Cu).

Explanation

The correct answer is b) CT = Cp x Cm x Cu. This equation calculates the total coefficient, taking into account the age of the concrete (Cp), the moisture content (Cm), and the curing conditions (Cu).

200. 114. Toatalitatea bicarbonaţilor de Ca şi Mg, dizolvaţi în apă, determină:

a) duritatea temporară;

b) duritatea permanentă;

c) duritatea totală;

d) vascozitatea;

e) tensiunea superficială.

The correct answer is a) duritatea temporară. The total amount of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates dissolved in water determines the temporary hardness. Temporary hardness is caused by the presence of bicarbonate ions, which can be removed by boiling the water or adding lime to precipitate the calcium and magnesium ions.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) duritatea temporară. The total amount of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates dissolved in water determines the temporary hardness. Temporary hardness is caused by the presence of bicarbonate ions, which can be removed by boiling the water or adding lime to precipitate the calcium and magnesium ions.