How Much Do You Know About the Science of Reading?

Explanation
Early ability grouping refers to separating students based on their academic abilities at a young age. This practice can have negative effects on students' learning, particularly in the long term. By placing students in separate groups, it can widen the reading gaps between students. This means that students who are already struggling with reading may fall further behind, while those who are already advanced may continue to excel. Therefore, the correct answer is "Widening."

Explanation
The given statement is false. Research has actually shown that teaching students to read in their mother tongue does not necessarily help them get better at reading in English. While it can help students develop strong foundational reading skills, the transfer of these skills to a second language like English is not automatic. Proficiency in reading English requires specific instruction and practice in that language.

Explanation
The correct answer is 150 words per minute. Third graders should be able to read at this speed because it is a reasonable and achievable goal for their age and reading level. At this pace, they can comprehend and process the text effectively, allowing for better understanding and retention of information. It is important for third graders to develop their reading fluency and speed in order to become proficient readers and continue to progress academically.

Explanation
Most popular curriculum programs and teaching methods are unable to optimize phonics because they often focus on whole language approaches or sight word memorization rather than teaching students the systematic relationship between letters and sounds. Phonics instruction is essential for developing strong reading skills as it helps students decode words and understand the connections between letters and their sounds. Therefore, it is true that most popular curriculum programs and teaching methods do not effectively optimize phonics instruction.

Explanation
All of these skills and techniques are based on the "science of reading" because they all involve understanding and applying the principles and processes involved in reading. Phonemic awareness is the ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words, which is crucial for developing reading skills. Reading itself is the act of decoding written words and comprehending their meaning. Writing requires knowledge of phonics, spelling, and grammar, which are all components of reading. Therefore, all of these skills and techniques are rooted in the scientific understanding of reading processes.

Explanation
According to some major surveys of early reading teachers, 23 percent of them believe that beginning readers should use decodable books. This suggests that a significant minority of teachers advocate for the use of decodable books in the early stages of reading instruction. It is important to note that this percentage represents a specific subset of teachers and may not be representative of all early reading teachers.

Explanation
Phonics is a helpful method for students who want to learn how to decode words because it teaches the relationship between sounds and letters. By understanding the sounds that each letter or combination of letters represents, students can sound out unfamiliar words and improve their reading skills. Phonics instruction helps students develop strong decoding skills, which are essential for reading fluency and comprehension.

Explanation
Phonics instruction has proven to be beneficial for students with reading difficulties. By teaching students the relationship between sounds and letters, phonics helps them decode words and improve their reading skills. This systematic approach enables struggling readers to gain confidence and become more proficient in reading. Therefore, it is true that phonics instruction has benefited students with reading difficulties.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Growing." This means that the number of dual-language programs in the United States is increasing. This suggests that there is a growing interest and recognition of the benefits of bilingual education in the country. It also implies that more schools and educational institutions are implementing dual-language programs to meet the demand and cater to the diverse linguistic needs of students.

Explanation
Teaching methods that include all of these practices (listening, reading, and speaking) are essential in the development of early literacy skills. Early literacy skills encompass various aspects such as understanding and interpreting spoken language, recognizing and decoding written words, and effectively expressing oneself verbally. By incorporating listening, reading, and speaking activities in teaching, children are exposed to different forms of language input and are given opportunities to practice and reinforce their skills in these areas. This comprehensive approach helps in fostering well-rounded literacy development in young learners.