Urinalysis Interpretation Quiz: Normal vs. Abnormal

1. Hematuria (blood in urine) can indicate all of the following EXCEPT:

Kidney stones

Glomerulonephritis

Urinary tract infection

Elevated blood glucose

2. Normal urine should contain _____ white blood cells per low power field on microscopy.

0–3

5–10

10–15

15–20

3. A urine specimen with a fruity odor and positive ketones most likely indicates:

Bacterial infection

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Dehydration alone

Liver disease

4. Which urinalysis finding requires immediate follow-up and likely indicates acute kidney injury?

Trace protein

Granular casts with proteinuria and hematuria

Occasional bacteria without symptoms

Pale yellow color

5. A first morning urine specimen is preferred for urinalysis because it is:

More dilute and easier to analyze

More concentrated and shows abnormalities better

Sterile and contamination-free

Lower in specific gravity

6. Bilirubin in urine indicates:

Liver disease or hemolysis

Kidney stones

Urinary tract infection

Normal metabolism

7. A patient with diabetes has 3+ proteinuria on urinalysis. This suggests:

Diabetic nephropathy or kidney disease

Poorly controlled blood glucose only

Urinary tract infection

Normal progression of diabetes

8. Which finding is considered within normal limits on urinalysis?

Protein 2+ in a random specimen

Glucose present

Trace to 1+ ketones

Absence of nitrites and leukocyte esterase

9. Leukocyte esterase in urine indicates:

Presence of white blood cells

Kidney damage

High glucose levels

Dehydration

10. A urine specimen appears cloudy. Which finding would most likely explain this?

High specific gravity

Presence of white blood cells and bacteria

Positive glucose

Low pH

11. Normal urine color is typically pale yellow to colorless. What does dark amber or tea-colored urine most commonly indicate?

Dehydration or concentrated urine

Urinary tract infection

Hemoglobinuria

Bilirubinuria

12. A urinalysis reveals white blood cells and bacteria without nitrites. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Contaminated specimen

Acute cystitis

Chronic kidney disease

Diabetic nephropathy

13. What is the normal range for urine specific gravity?

1.005–1.030

1.010–1.040

1.020–1.050

1.030–1.060

14. Nitrites in urine indicate:

Gram-positive bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria infection

Kidney stones

Diabetes mellitus

15. A patient's urine specific gravity is 1.035. This finding suggests:

Dehydration or concentrated urine

Excessive fluid intake

Normal kidney function

Acute kidney injury

16. Which microscopic finding in urine is considered abnormal?

0–3 white blood cells per low power field

10–15 red blood cells per low power field

0–2 epithelial cells per low power field

Occasional bacteria

17. Ketones in urine are associated with which condition?

Urinary tract infection

Diabetic ketoacidosis or starvation

Hyperglycemia without ketosis

Proteinuria

18. What does the presence of protein (proteinuria) in urine typically indicate?

Normal finding in all adults

Kidney disease or glomerulonephritis

Excessive protein intake

Dehydration only

19. Normal urine pH ranges from 4.5 to 8.0. A pH of 8.5 with positive nitrites suggests:

Renal tubular acidosis

Bacterial urinary tract infection

Metabolic alkalosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis

20. A urinalysis shows presence of glucose. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Diabetes mellitus

Acute kidney injury

Urinary tract infection

Dehydration

Urinalysis Quiz: Normal or Abnormal?

1. Hematuria (blood in urine) can indicate all of the following EXCEPT:

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Normal urine should contain _____ white blood cells per low power field on microscopy.

3. A urine specimen with a fruity odor and positive ketones most likely indicates:

4. Which urinalysis finding requires immediate follow-up and likely indicates acute kidney injury?

5. A first morning urine specimen is preferred for urinalysis because it is:

6. Bilirubin in urine indicates:

7. A patient with diabetes has 3+ proteinuria on urinalysis. This suggests:

8. Which finding is considered within normal limits on urinalysis?

9. Leukocyte esterase in urine indicates:

10. A urine specimen appears cloudy. Which finding would most likely explain this?

11. Normal urine color is typically pale yellow to colorless. What does dark amber or tea-colored urine most commonly indicate?

12. A urinalysis reveals white blood cells and bacteria without nitrites. What is the most likely diagnosis?

13. What is the normal range for urine specific gravity?

14. Nitrites in urine indicate:

15. A patient's urine specific gravity is 1.035. This finding suggests:

16. Which microscopic finding in urine is considered abnormal?

17. Ketones in urine are associated with which condition?

18. What does the presence of protein (proteinuria) in urine typically indicate?

19. Normal urine pH ranges from 4.5 to 8.0. A pH of 8.5 with positive nitrites suggests:

20. A urinalysis shows presence of glucose. Which condition is most likely responsible?