Parathyroid & Hyperparathyroidism NCLEX Quiz

1. Chronic hypercalcemia from hyperparathyroidism can lead to metastatic calcification in soft tissues. This complication is especially seen in which organ system?

Cardiac and vascular tissues

Gastrointestinal tract only

Respiratory system only

Peripheral nervous system

2. A client with hyperparathyroidism presents with kidney stones. Which mechanism explains this complication?

Hypercalcemia increases urinary calcium excretion

PTH directly damages renal tubules

Decreased vitamin D production

Hyperphosphatemia precipitates in urine

3. Which lab finding is most consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism?

High PTH, low calcium, low phosphate

High PTH, high calcium, low phosphate

Low PTH, high calcium, high phosphate

Low PTH, low calcium, high phosphate

Submit

6. Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a client with acute hypercalcemia?

Restrict fluid intake to concentrate urine

Administer normal saline IV and monitor urine output

Place on strict bed rest to prevent bone resorption

Give calcium supplements to prevent further loss

7. A client with hyperparathyroidism has a serum calcium of 13.5 mg/dL and reports confusion and lethargy. What is the priority action?

Administer oral calcium supplements

Notify the provider and prepare for treatment of hypercalcemia

Encourage increased protein intake

Administer potassium-sparing diuretics

8. Which clinical manifestation is NOT typically associated with hyperparathyroidism?

Osteoporosis

Hypoglycemia

Nephrolithiasis

Hypertension

9. In hyperparathyroidism, PTH secretion becomes independent of serum calcium feedback. What is this condition called?

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Iatrogenic hyperparathyroidism

10. Which medication directly inhibits PTH secretion and is used in severe hyperparathyroidism?

Cinacalcet

Alendronate

Calcitonin

Vitamin D analogs

11. A client presents with muscle weakness, constipation, and polyuria. Lab work shows calcium 12.2 mg/dL and PTH 156 pg/mL. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Hypoparathyroidism

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Vitamin D deficiency

Acute kidney injury

12. PTH stimulates osteoclasts indirectly through which cell type?

Osteoblasts

Chondrocytes

Fibroblasts

Macrophages

Submit

14. A client with hyperparathyroidism reports polyuria and polydipsia. What is the underlying mechanism?

Hypercalcemia damages the kidney concentrating mechanism

PTH stimulates ADH release

Hyperphosphatemia causes osmotic diuresis

Decreased GFR impairs filtration

15. Acute severe hypercalcemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias. Which ECG change is most likely?

Prolonged QT interval

Shortened QT interval

ST segment elevation

Widened QRS complex

16. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing serum calcium levels?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Calcitonin

Thyroid hormone

Insulin

Submit

Parathyroid Quiz: Can You Balance the Calcium?

1. Chronic hypercalcemia from hyperparathyroidism can lead to metastatic calcification in soft tissues. This complication is especially seen in which organ system?

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. A client with hyperparathyroidism presents with kidney stones. Which mechanism explains this complication?

3. Which lab finding is most consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism?

4. PTH acts on the kidney to increase reabsorption of calcium in the ____.

5. In hyperparathyroidism, serum phosphate is typically ____ due to increased urinary losses.

6. Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a client with acute hypercalcemia?

7. A client with hyperparathyroidism has a serum calcium of 13.5 mg/dL and reports confusion and lethargy. What is the priority action?

8. Which clinical manifestation is NOT typically associated with hyperparathyroidism?

9. In hyperparathyroidism, PTH secretion becomes independent of serum calcium feedback. What is this condition called?

10. Which medication directly inhibits PTH secretion and is used in severe hyperparathyroidism?

11. A client presents with muscle weakness, constipation, and polyuria. Lab work shows calcium 12.2 mg/dL and PTH 156 pg/mL. What is the most likely diagnosis?

12. PTH stimulates osteoclasts indirectly through which cell type?

13. Calcitonin lowers serum calcium by inhibiting ____.

14. A client with hyperparathyroidism reports polyuria and polydipsia. What is the underlying mechanism?

15. Acute severe hypercalcemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias. Which ECG change is most likely?

16. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing serum calcium levels?

17. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption in the ____.

18. In secondary hyperparathyroidism from chronic kidney disease, PTH rises because of decreased ____.

19. Bisphosphonates are used in hyperparathyroidism to decrease bone resorption by inhibiting ____.

20. The parathyroid glands normally comprise about ____ % of the thyroid gland mass.