Parathyroid & Hyperparathyroidism NCLEX Quiz

1. A client with hyperparathyroidism has a serum calcium of 13.5 mg/dL and reports confusion and lethargy. What is the priority action?

Administer oral calcium supplements

Notify the provider and prepare for treatment of hypercalcemia

Encourage increased protein intake

Administer potassium-sparing diuretics

Submit

3. Chronic hypercalcemia from hyperparathyroidism can lead to metastatic calcification in soft tissues. This complication is especially seen in which organ system?

Cardiac and vascular tissues

Gastrointestinal tract only

Respiratory system only

Peripheral nervous system

4. Which medication directly inhibits PTH secretion and is used in severe hyperparathyroidism?

Cinacalcet

Alendronate

Calcitonin

Vitamin D analogs

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6. A client presents with muscle weakness, constipation, and polyuria. Lab work shows calcium 12.2 mg/dL and PTH 156 pg/mL. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Hypoparathyroidism

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Vitamin D deficiency

Acute kidney injury

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8. PTH stimulates osteoclasts indirectly through which cell type?

Osteoblasts

Chondrocytes

Fibroblasts

Macrophages

9. Which clinical manifestation is NOT typically associated with hyperparathyroidism?

Osteoporosis

Hypoglycemia

Nephrolithiasis

Hypertension

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11. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing serum calcium levels?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Calcitonin

Thyroid hormone

Insulin

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13. Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a client with acute hypercalcemia?

Restrict fluid intake to concentrate urine

Administer normal saline IV and monitor urine output

Place on strict bed rest to prevent bone resorption

Give calcium supplements to prevent further loss

Submit

15. A client with hyperparathyroidism reports polyuria and polydipsia. What is the underlying mechanism?

Hypercalcemia damages the kidney concentrating mechanism

PTH stimulates ADH release

Hyperphosphatemia causes osmotic diuresis

Decreased GFR impairs filtration

Submit

17. Acute severe hypercalcemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias. Which ECG change is most likely?

Prolonged QT interval

Shortened QT interval

ST segment elevation

Widened QRS complex

18. Which lab finding is most consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism?

High PTH, low calcium, low phosphate

High PTH, high calcium, low phosphate

Low PTH, high calcium, high phosphate

Low PTH, low calcium, high phosphate

19. A client with hyperparathyroidism presents with kidney stones. Which mechanism explains this complication?

Hypercalcemia increases urinary calcium excretion

PTH directly damages renal tubules

Decreased vitamin D production

Hyperphosphatemia precipitates in urine

20. In hyperparathyroidism, PTH secretion becomes independent of serum calcium feedback. What is this condition called?

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Iatrogenic hyperparathyroidism

Parathyroid Quiz: Can You Balance the Calcium?

1. A client with hyperparathyroidism has a serum calcium of 13.5 mg/dL and reports confusion and lethargy. What is the priority action?

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. The parathyroid glands normally comprise about ____ % of the thyroid gland mass.

3. Chronic hypercalcemia from hyperparathyroidism can lead to metastatic calcification in soft tissues. This complication is especially seen in which organ system?

4. Which medication directly inhibits PTH secretion and is used in severe hyperparathyroidism?

5. Bisphosphonates are used in hyperparathyroidism to decrease bone resorption by inhibiting ____.

6. A client presents with muscle weakness, constipation, and polyuria. Lab work shows calcium 12.2 mg/dL and PTH 156 pg/mL. What is the most likely diagnosis?

7. In hyperparathyroidism, serum phosphate is typically ____ due to increased urinary losses.

8. PTH stimulates osteoclasts indirectly through which cell type?

9. Which clinical manifestation is NOT typically associated with hyperparathyroidism?

10. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption in the ____.

11. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing serum calcium levels?

12. Calcitonin lowers serum calcium by inhibiting ____.

13. Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a client with acute hypercalcemia?

14. In secondary hyperparathyroidism from chronic kidney disease, PTH rises because of decreased ____.

15. A client with hyperparathyroidism reports polyuria and polydipsia. What is the underlying mechanism?

16. PTH acts on the kidney to increase reabsorption of calcium in the ____.

17. Acute severe hypercalcemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias. Which ECG change is most likely?

18. Which lab finding is most consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism?

19. A client with hyperparathyroidism presents with kidney stones. Which mechanism explains this complication?

20. In hyperparathyroidism, PTH secretion becomes independent of serum calcium feedback. What is this condition called?