Multiple Sclerosis (NCLEX) Nursing Care Quiz

1. Which assessment finding is most consistent with internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) in MS?

Inability to adduct the eye on the affected side

Fixed dilated pupils

Complete blindness

Nystagmus in all directions

2. A patient with progressive MS has difficulty swallowing. What is the priority intervention?

Provide regular diet immediately

Perform swallow assessment and adjust diet consistency as needed

Insert nasogastric tube without evaluation

Withhold all oral intake

3. Which nursing assessment is essential when a patient starts interferon beta therapy?

Monitor for flu-like symptoms and injection site reactions

Check blood glucose levels daily

Assess for weight gain

Monitor heart rate continuously

4. True or False: Monoclonal antibodies like natalizumab are disease-modifying therapies for MS.

True

False

5. A patient with MS experiences trigeminal neuralgia. Which medication is first-line treatment?

Carbamazepine

Ibuprofen

Acetaminophen

Diphenhydramine

6. Which finding on evoked potentials indicates demyelination?

Increased conduction velocity

Delayed latency times

Normal amplitude

Synchronized responses

7. A patient reports depression and anxiety related to MS diagnosis. What is the best nursing response?

Dismiss concerns as temporary

Acknowledge feelings and refer to mental health support and support groups

Prescribe antidepressants without assessment

Avoid discussing emotional issues

8. Which environmental factor can trigger MS exacerbations?

Infection

Emotional stress

Heat exposure

All of the above

9. True or False: Pregnancy is absolutely contraindicated in women with MS.

True

False

10. A patient with MS develops urinary retention and incontinence. What is the priority nursing intervention?

Restrict all fluids

Assess for urinary tract infection and implement catheterization if needed

Encourage holding urine for extended periods

Administer diuretics

11. Which autoimmune mechanism is primarily responsible for the pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis?

Destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding axons

Degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord

Inflammation of the cerebral cortex only

Viral infection of the brain stem

12. A patient with MS reports cognitive difficulties including memory loss and difficulty concentrating. What is this called?

Dementia

MS-related cognitive impairment

Delirium

Aphasia

13. Which disease-modifying therapy (DMT) is indicated for relapsing-remitting MS?

Interferon beta-1a (Avonex)

Antibiotics

Hormone replacement therapy

Antihistamines

14. A patient reports fatigue that worsens with heat exposure. Which patient education point is most relevant?

Avoid all physical activity

Use air conditioning and avoid heat; plan activities during cooler times

Take stimulant medications daily

Increase caffeine intake

15. Which nursing intervention is most important for a patient experiencing an MS exacerbation?

Encourage strenuous exercise

Administer high-dose IV corticosteroids as prescribed

Restrict fluid intake

Discontinue disease-modifying therapy

16. A patient with MS experiences muscle weakness and spasticity. Which medication class is most appropriate?

Corticosteroids

Muscle relaxants like baclofen

Anticonvulsants

Benzodiazepines

17. Which type of MS is characterized by relapses followed by complete or partial remission?

Progressive-relapsing MS

Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)

Primary progressive MS (PPMS)

Secondary progressive MS (SPMS)

18. A lumbar puncture reveals elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG) and oligoclonal bands. What does this suggest?

Bacterial meningitis

Demyelinating disease consistent with MS

Viral encephalitis

Spinal cord compression

19. Which diagnostic test shows demyelinating lesions in the brain and spinal cord?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

20. A patient with MS reports blurred vision and eye pain with eye movement. Which condition is most likely?

Optic neuritis

Cataracts

Glaucoma

Retinal detachment

MS Quiz: Can You Care for the Patient?