Kidney Disease: Nephrotic Syndrome & Glomerulonephritis Quiz

1. A patient with glomerulonephritis presents with periorbital edema and proteinuria. What is the primary cause of the edema?

Increased glomerular filtration rate

Decreased plasma oncotic pressure from protein loss

Acute infection of the kidney tubules

Obstruction of the renal artery

2. Which finding distinguishes nephrotic syndrome from nephritic syndrome?

Presence of RBC casts in urine

Selective proteinuria greater than 3.5 g/day

Hematuria with dysmorphic RBCs

Elevated BUN and creatinine

3. Which clinical sign is most characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?

Hematuria and hypertension

Massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia

Oliguria and elevated creatinine

Dysuria and flank pain

4. A patient with IgA nephropathy presents with hematuria and flank pain. True or False: This is classified as nephrotic syndrome.

True

False

5. A patient with glomerulonephritis develops hypertension. Which mechanism best explains this?

Increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activation

Decreased sodium retention

Loss of vasoconstrictor substances

Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity

6. What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

IgA nephropathy

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Minimal change disease

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

7. A patient with nephrotic syndrome is at risk for thromboembolism. Why?

Loss of anticoagulant proteins in urine

Decreased platelet count

Increased fibrinogen degradation

Impaired platelet function

8. A patient with nephrotic syndrome requires albumin infusion. When is this indicated?

Albumin less than 2.5 g/dL with severe edema

All patients with nephrotic syndrome

Only in minimal change disease

During corticosteroid therapy

9. A patient with nephrotic syndrome develops nephrotic crisis with acute kidney injury. What is the most likely cause?

Progression to end-stage renal disease

Acute tubular necrosis from severe dehydration

Thromboembolic event in renal vasculature

Sepsis from infection

10. Which dietary modification is most important for a patient with glomerulonephritis?

Increase protein to replace urinary losses

Restrict sodium and fluid intake

Eliminate all potassium

Increase calcium supplementation

Submit

13. A child is diagnosed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. What is the typical timeline for symptom onset after the streptococcal infection?

1 to 3 days

1 to 2 weeks

3 to 12 weeks

6 months

14. In acute glomerulonephritis, what does the presence of RBC casts indicate?

Glomerular inflammation and bleeding

Tubular dysfunction

Bacterial infection

Chronic kidney disease

15. True or False: Proteinuria greater than 3.5 g/day is diagnostic of glomerulonephritis.

True

False

16. Which immunosuppressive agent is first-line for minimal change disease?

Azathioprine

Corticosteroids

Cyclophos phamide

Mycophenolate

17. True or False: Corticosteroid resistance in nephrotic syndrome is associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

True

False

18. Which medication reduces proteinuria and slows progression in glomerulonephritis?

Loop diuretics

ACE inhibitors or ARBs

Beta-blockers

Calcium channel blockers

Submit

20. In nephrotic syndrome, which serum lipid abnormality is expected?

Decreased cholesterol and triglycerides

Elevated cholesterol and triglycerides

Normal lipid profile

Elevated HDL only

Kidney Disease Quiz: Can You Match the Signs?

1. A patient with glomerulonephritis presents with periorbital edema and proteinuria. What is the primary cause of the edema?

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Which finding distinguishes nephrotic syndrome from nephritic syndrome?

3. Which clinical sign is most characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?

4. A patient with IgA nephropathy presents with hematuria and flank pain. True or False: This is classified as nephrotic syndrome.

5. A patient with glomerulonephritis develops hypertension. Which mechanism best explains this?

6. What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

7. A patient with nephrotic syndrome is at risk for thromboembolism. Why?

8. A patient with nephrotic syndrome requires albumin infusion. When is this indicated?

9. A patient with nephrotic syndrome develops nephrotic crisis with acute kidney injury. What is the most likely cause?

10. Which dietary modification is most important for a patient with glomerulonephritis?

11. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is mediated by ____ antibody-antigen complex deposition.

12. Hypoalbuminemia in nephrotic syndrome leads to decreased plasma ____ pressure, promoting edema.

13. A child is diagnosed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. What is the typical timeline for symptom onset after the streptococcal infection?

14. In acute glomerulonephritis, what does the presence of RBC casts indicate?

15. True or False: Proteinuria greater than 3.5 g/day is diagnostic of glomerulonephritis.

16. Which immunosuppressive agent is first-line for minimal change disease?

17. True or False: Corticosteroid resistance in nephrotic syndrome is associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

18. Which medication reduces proteinuria and slows progression in glomerulonephritis?

19. The 24-hour urine protein excretion in nephrotic syndrome typically exceeds ____.

20. In nephrotic syndrome, which serum lipid abnormality is expected?