Explore the Battle: How Did the First Battle of Gaza Play Out?

The First Battle of Gaza was fought on 26 March 1917. This marked the first major attempt by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) to seize control of Gaza from the Ottoman Empire during World War I, signifying a crucial moment in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign.

The Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) was under the command of General Archibald Murray. As the commander, Murray was responsible for leading the EEF in its operations against the Ottoman Empire in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I.

The fighting during the First Battle of Gaza took place in and around the town of Gaza on the Mediterranean coast. This strategic location was a key objective for the British forces due to its importance as a communication and transportation hub.

The First Battle of Gaza resulted in an Ottoman victory. Despite being on the verge of capturing Gaza, the British forces were withdrawn due to concerns about the approaching darkness and large Ottoman reinforcements. This decision ultimately led to a missed opportunity for a significant British victory.

The Battle of Magdhaba, won by the newly created Desert Column in December 1916, secured the Mediterranean port of El Arish and the supply route, water pipeline, and railway stretching eastwards across the Sinai Peninsula. This victory was a significant strategic achievement, enhancing the mobility and supply capabilities of the British forces.

In March 1917, Gaza was attacked by Eastern Force infantry from the 52nd (Lowland) Division, reinforced by an infantry brigade. This attack was protected from the threat of Ottoman reinforcements by the Anzac Mounted Division and a screen from the Imperial Mounted Division, demonstrating the coordinated efforts of various units within the British forces.

The Second Battle of Gaza, which followed a few weeks after the First Battle of Gaza, resulted in an even more emphatic Ottoman victory. This battle underscored the challenges faced by the British forces in their campaign against the Ottoman Empire.

The Chief of the Imperial General Staff was Field Marshal William Robertson. As the Chief, Robertson was the senior officer responsible for the administration of the British Army, playing a crucial role in shaping military policy and strategy during World War I.

After receiving a request for the first infantry division, Murray dispatched the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division. This decision reflects the dynamic nature of resource allocation and strategic planning in the context of a global conflict like World War I.

The primary objective of the Allied operations in the Middle East was to support the Western Front campaign. As such, reinforcements requested by General Sir Archibald Murray, commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF), were denied. This highlights the strategic prioritization of resources and efforts during World War I.