Choose The Correct Option For The Following Hearing Physiology Quiz

The amplitude of a sound refers to the magnitude of displacement of a sound pressure wave. It represents the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.

Frequency is typically measured in Hertz (Hz), which is a unit used to measure the number of cycles per second in waves or oscillations.

Loudness is the psychological aspect of sound related to perceived intensity or magnitude. It is the subjective perception of sound intensity.

A simple sound refers to a sound consisting of a single frequency, whereas a sine wave represents the simplest kind of sound as it is a pure tone with a single frequency. The terms 'period' and 'tone' do not accurately describe the type of sound depicted in the figure.

A complex tone is a sound wave consisting of more than one sinusoidal component of different frequencies, making option a the correct answer.

The figure shows a complex combination of different waves, indicating that the composition is of complex sounds that have multiple components.

The ear canal serves as a protective pathway to prevent foreign objects or organisms from reaching and potentially damaging the delicate tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum. This function helps maintain the integrity of the internal ear structures and the overall hearing ability.

The middle ear consists of three tiny bones called ossicles - the malleus, incus, and stapes. These bones play a crucial role in transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

The ossicles are three tiny bones in the middle ear that amplify sound vibrations and transmit them to the inner ear. They do not protect the ear canal or vibrate continuously. Additionally, they do not transmit sound waves back to the environment.

The correct answer is b. The acoustic reflex protects the ear from intense sounds by contraction of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles, which dampens the transmission of loud noises to the inner ear.

The inner ear, specifically the cochlea, is responsible for converting sound waves into neural signals that can be processed by the brain. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them towards the middle ear, where they are amplified before reaching the inner ear. The tympanic canal and oval window are structures within the middle ear that play different roles in the process of hearing.

The stapes is a bone in the middle ear that plays a crucial role in transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear. It helps push and pull the flexible window in and out of the vestibular canal, allowing for the transmission of sound waves into the cochlea. The helicotrema is a connection between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli in the cochlea. The basilar membrane is a structure within the cochlea that plays a role in the process of hearing. The round window is a membrane-covered opening located in the middle ear that allows for the dissipation of sound waves in the cochlea.

The organ of Corti is a crucial structure in the inner ear responsible for detecting sound vibrations and converting them into electrical signals that are relayed to the brain. It is composed of hair cells and dendrites of auditory nerve fibers, not tiny bones, fluid-filled chambers, or muscles.

Inner hair cells are responsible for transmitting sound information to the brain through the auditory nerve. Outer hair cells play a role in amplifying sound signals within the cochlea. The cochlear membrane and tympanic membrane are important structures in the ear but do not directly transmit sound information to the brain.

The correct answer is e. because the figure demonstrates how the cochlea is tuned to different frequencies, not how it produces sounds of different frequencies, how sound waves travel at different speeds, or how complex sounds are made of simple sounds.

A threshold tuning curve is used to plot the thresholds of a neuron or fiber in response to sinewaves with varying frequencies at the lowest intensity that will give rise to a response. The other options do not accurately describe this concept.

Two-tone suppression specifically refers to the addition of a second tone of a slightly different frequency to the first tone, causing suppression of the perceived sound.

Rate saturation occurs when a nerve fiber is firing at its maximum rate, therefore further stimulation is incapable of increasing the firing rate because the nerve fiber is already firing as rapidly as possible.

The figure illustrating a phenomenon where the phases of two or more oscillators are made to match is known as phase locking. This is commonly observed in systems such as the synchronization of fireflies or the entrainment of circadian rhythms.

The concept of the volley principle suggests that multiple neurons work together to encode the frequency of a sound wave by firing at distinct points in the wave.

The belt area is a region in the auditory cortex responsible for processing more complex characteristics of sound, not just simple characteristics or particular frequencies.

Psychoacoustics is the specific branch of psychology that deals with the mental and perceptual aspects of sound and hearing. Psychoanalysis is a broader field of psychology focused on exploring the unconscious mind. Psychophysics is the study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce. Acoustometrics is not a recognized term in psychology.

Temporal integration refers to the phenomenon where a sound at a constant level is perceived as louder when it is of a greater duration. This process is distinct from auditory synthesis, temporal synthesis, and auditory analysis.

The correct answer is b. Equal-loudness curves. These curves represent the sound pressure levels of tones at different frequencies that are perceived as equally loud to the average human ear. Auditory response curves, equal frequency curves, and equal sound level curves do not specifically represent the relationship between frequency and perceived loudness as captured by equal-loudness curves.

Masking refers to the phenomenon where a second sound, often noise, hinders the detection of another sound. It is different from obstruction, overshadowing, and auditory suppression.

In studies involving sound, experimenters commonly use white noise as masking to cover or mask other sounds, allowing them to isolate and study specific audio components without interference from external noise.

Excessive exposure to noise is a known cause of hearing loss, while otitis media, use of ototoxic drugs, and otosclerosis are also common causes.

Conductive hearing loss is caused by problems with the bones of the middle ear, affecting the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear. It is different from sensorineural hearing loss, which involves damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.