Basic Science Laws Quiz

Kepler's laws of planetary motion describe how planets move in ellipses with the sun at one of the foci.

The correct answer is the 'law of equal area' which states that the line between a planet and the sun will sweep out an equal area in equal amounts of time. This is a fundamental principle in understanding planetary motion.

Gravity is the force of attraction that exists between all bodies of mass, pulling them towards each other. The other options provided - magnetism, electricity, and friction - are different types of forces unrelated to the force of gravity.

The Law of Universal Gravitation, proposed by Sir Isaac Newton, explains the force of attraction between all objects with mass in the universe based on their masses and distance. It is a fundamental principle in physics.

Newton's 3rd law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity. It is a vector quantity that describes the motion of an object.

The Law of Conservation of Momentum states that in an isolated system, the total momentum before and after a collision or interaction remains constant. This principle is a fundamental concept in physics.

Projectile motion refers to the curved path that an object follows when it is thrown or projected into the air. It is influenced by both the vertical and horizontal components of motion, resulting in the characteristic arc shape.

The correct term for describing the path an object takes is trajectory. This term specifically refers to the path followed by a projectile or an object moving under the action of given forces.

In circular motion, centripetal force is responsible for keeping an object moving in a curved path by pulling it towards the center of the circle. Centrifugal force is a fictitious force that appears to act on objects moving in a circular path, but it is actually an outward force due to inertia. Inertial force is a term used to describe the tendency of objects to keep moving in a straight line. Tangential force is a force acting in the direction of the object's motion.

The correct term for the time it takes to transverse the circumference is 'period' as it refers to the time it takes to complete one cycle or revolution.

In physics, harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement from equilibrium position. This relationship is known as Hooke's Law.

Vibration is the correct term for side to side movement that goes over the same path. Rotation refers to spinning around an axis, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, and oscillation is repetitive back and forth movement.

In physics, a period refers to one complete back and forth motion, such as the time it takes for a pendulum to swing from one side to the other and back again. While 'cycle', 'loop', and 'phase' are related terms, they do not specifically refer to a complete back and forth motion.

A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely. It is commonly used in clocks to regulate the timekeeping.

Amplitude refers to the maximum displacement of a wave from its rest position, while frequency is the number of oscillations per unit time, velocity is the rate of change of displacement, and phase refers to the stage of a wave in its cycle.

Work is defined as the product of force and the distance through which the force acts. It is a measure of the energy transferred when an object is moved over a distance by an external force.

Power is the measure of work done or energy transferred per unit of time. It is commonly expressed in units of watts (W).

Power is the rate at which energy is transferred or converted. It is measured in watts, while volts measure electrical potential difference, amps measure electric current, and joules measure energy.

Energy is the ability to do work, whereas power is the rate at which work is done. Force is a push or pull on an object, while velocity is the speed of an object in a specific direction.

Machines are designed to assist in completing tasks with minimal effort from humans, thus reducing the overall effort required.

Work input is the amount of work or energy that is fed into a machine. It is different from the output of the machine, which is the work or energy that the machine produces or delivers.

Work output refers to the actual work done or accomplished by a machine, while work input is the work done on the machine. Efficiency is a measure of how well a machine converts input energy into useful output energy. Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred by a machine.

The Principle of Work states that the amount of work done is equal to the amount of force acting over a distance, which is the product of effort and resistance distance moved. The other options do not specifically address the relationship between effort, distance, and resistance in the context of work input.

The correct answer is electrical potential energy as it is a measure of the potential energy of electric charges in an electric field.

When magnets are placed close to each other, they have the potential to do work on each other due to their magnetic fields, resulting in magnetic potential energy.

The correct answer is gravitational potential energy because as an object is lifted above the earth's surface, it gains potential energy due to its position in a gravitational field. This potential energy is determined by both the object's mass and its height above the earth.

The Law of Conservation of Energy is a fundamental principle in physics which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted between different forms.

The law of conservation of mass-energy states that the total amount of matter and energy in a closed system remains constant over time. This principle is a fundamental concept in physics and plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of physical systems.

Inelastic collision is a scenario in physics where kinetic energy is not conserved and is transformed into other forms of energy such as sound, heat, etc. Elastic collision conserves kinetic energy, perfectly inelastic collision conserves momentum but not kinetic energy, and projectile motion involves constant velocity and no energy transformation.