Regents Exam Review: Global History and Geography Focus

Totalitarian governments have complete control over every aspect of public and private life, allowing only one political party to exist, imposing strict censorship, and relying on fear and violence to stay in power.

Subsistence farming focuses on providing for the basic needs of the farmer's family by producing just enough crops to sustain them without relying on external sources.

Both Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations are known for developing systems of writing, leading to the creation of written language. This allowed them to record information, communicate, and pass down knowledge through generations.

The Gupta Empire, which existed in ancient India, made significant achievements in mathematics, art, and culture including the concepts of zero and decimal system.

During the Middle Ages, the Church played a vital role in providing unity and stability by acting as a unifying force, establishing moral guidelines, and influencing political decisions.

The Commercial Revolution in Europe, which occurred between the 16th and 18th centuries, was a period of economic expansion, increased trade, and the establishment of capitalism. It led to the formation of guilds for artisans and merchants to protect their interests and the growth of banking systems to facilitate trade and commerce.

The Protestant Reformation was primarily sparked by the corruption among high officials of the Catholic Church, such as indulgences and the selling of church positions. This led to widespread dissatisfaction among the population and demand for reform.

The map most likely depicts areas related to Mesoamerican cultures, rather than focusing on South American urban areas, the creation of Spanish Viceroyalties, or outposts of the Inca Empire.

All three rulers, Sulieman the Magnificent, Akbar the Great, and Louis XIV, are known for their absolute monarchies where they held centralized power and authority over their respective empires. They were not primarily known for being religious reformers, supporters of laissez-faire practices, or leaders of independence movements.

The Columbian exchange primarily resulted in the exchange of new food crops from the Americas to Europe, which significantly improved the European diet and agricultural practices.

The Portuguese goal in seizing trading ports was to control all aspects of the spice trade, not to restrict trade (embargo), establish banking systems, or create agricultural cooperatives.

The American and French Revolutions served as inspirations for liberation movements in Latin America, leading to a wave of independence movements in the early 19th century.

During colonization, many regions were forced to specialize in producing certain cash crops for the benefit of the colonial powers. This practice continued even after gaining independence, leading to the reliance on a single cash crop.

The Zulu tribe, under leaders like Shaka Zulu, centralized their rule and implemented military tactics that posed a significant threat to the British and Boers during the colonial period in South Africa.

After Commodore Perry's visit, Japanese leaders realized the need to open up more ports to foreign trade in order to avoid the risk of being forced into unequal treaties.

The passage of the Independence Act was a significant event in Indian history that was a result of the Salt March, Amritsar Massacre, and Sepoy Rebellion. The culmination of these events eventually led to India gaining independence from British rule.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered a series of political and military actions that eventually led to the outbreak of World War I in 1914.

Following World War II, European imperial powers drew arbitrary boundaries across Africa without considering the existing ethnic groups or natural resources in the region. These divisions created conflicts and challenges for the newly independent African countries.

The correct answer is the inability of Nazi forces to defeat the Soviet Union due to the harsh winter climate.