Introduction To Computing Fundamentals

1. What is a programmer or software developer?

A chef specialized in creating new recipes.

A professional athlete who competes in sports.

An astronaut who explores outer space.

A Person with the training and skills that design, create and test computer programs

A programmer or software developer is specifically trained to design, create and test computer programs, which involves coding and problem-solving in the realm of technology.

Explanation

A programmer or software developer is specifically trained to design, create and test computer programs, which involves coding and problem-solving in the realm of technology.

2. What are Bytes?

Computer memory that is divided into eight bits. One byte can hold one letter of the Alphabet.

A type of meal served in restaurants

A form of physical exercise

A unit of time measurement

Bytes are not related to time measurement, meals, or physical exercise. They are specifically related to computer memory and data storage.

Explanation

Bytes are not related to time measurement, meals, or physical exercise. They are specifically related to computer memory and data storage.

3. What is assembly language?

It is a form of scripting language used for automation tasks.

It is a high-level programming language that uses graphical elements for coding.

It is the same as machine language, using binary numbers directly for programming.

It is an alternative to machine language. It uses short words instead of binary numbers.

Assembly language is a low-level programming language that is a step above machine language. It uses short mnemonics to represent instructions that are directly translated into machine code. Assembly language allows programmers greater control over the hardware, making it more efficient and faster than high-level languages. It is not the same as machine language, a high-level language, or a scripting language.

Explanation

Assembly language is a low-level programming language that is a step above machine language. It uses short mnemonics to represent instructions that are directly translated into machine code. Assembly language allows programmers greater control over the hardware, making it more efficient and faster than high-level languages. It is not the same as machine language, a high-level language, or a scripting language.

4. What is the set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program? What is an operator?

Semantics. An operator defines the meaning of the program.

Variables. An operator stores data values.

Syntax.A operator performs various operations on data ( +,//.-)

Algorithms. An operator executes the program steps.

The correct answer highlights the importance of syntax in programming and explains the role of operators in performing operations on data.

Explanation

The correct answer highlights the importance of syntax in programming and explains the role of operators in performing operations on data.

5. What is the difference between compilers and interpreters?

Compilers translate high-level language program to a separate machine language program. Interpreters execute the high-level language program directly.

Compilers and interpreters are the same and can be used interchangeably in programming languages.

Interpreters translate high-level language program to a machine language program. Compilers execute the high-level language program directly.

Compilers and interpreters serve different roles in the translation and execution of high-level language programs, with interpreters directly executing the program's instructions and compilers translating the program into a separate machine language program for execution.

Explanation

Compilers and interpreters serve different roles in the translation and execution of high-level language programs, with interpreters directly executing the program's instructions and compilers translating the program into a separate machine language program for execution.

6. What is the first step of the cycle where the CPU reads the next instruction from memory?

Store

Fetch

Execute

Decode

The first step in the cycle is the fetch phase, where the CPU retrieves the next instruction to be executed from memory.

Explanation

The first step in the cycle is the fetch phase, where the CPU retrieves the next instruction to be executed from memory.

7. What is the final step in the cycle of an operation?

The final step in the cycle is to plan the operation.

The first step in the cycle is to execute the operation.

The last step in the cycle is to execute, or perform, the operation.

Executing an operation is not necessary in the cycle.

In the cycle of an operation, execution is the crucial final step where the planned operation is carried out to achieve the desired outcome.

Explanation

In the cycle of an operation, execution is the crucial final step where the planned operation is carried out to achieve the desired outcome.

8. During this step, the CPU _____ the instructions that was just _____ from memory, to determine which operation it should perform.

Decode, and fetched.

Analyze, stored

Execute, loaded

Process, accessed

In this step, the CPU decodes the instructions that were just fetched from memory in order to determine which operation it should perform. The correct terms are 'decode' and 'fetched'.

Explanation

In this step, the CPU decodes the instructions that were just fetched from memory in order to determine which operation it should perform. The correct terms are 'decode' and 'fetched'.

9. What is the fetch-decode-execute cycle of a CPU (microprocessor) responsible for?

Random Access Memory. Storing temporary data for the CPU to access quickly.

Graphics Processing Unit. Handling complex graphics rendering for a computer system.

Central Processing Unit.When a CPU executes the instructions in a program.

Solid State Drive. Storing permanent data for long-term use.

The fetch-decode-execute cycle is a fundamental process in computing where the CPU retrieves program instructions, decodes them into commands, and then carries out the instructions to perform tasks.

Explanation

The fetch-decode-execute cycle is a fundamental process in computing where the CPU retrieves program instructions, decodes them into commands, and then carries out the instructions to perform tasks.

10. What are Bits?

It stands for binary digit. Holds a negative or positive charge. "1" is on and " 0" is off.

Bits are short for bytes and represent a unit of digital data.

Bits are units of measurement used in computer processing speed.

Bits are small insects commonly found in computer hardware.

Bits are the basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. They represent the smallest unit of data and can only have a value of either 0 or 1, which corresponds to the presence or absence of an electrical signal.

Explanation

Bits are the basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. They represent the smallest unit of data and can only have a value of either 0 or 1, which corresponds to the presence or absence of an electrical signal.

11. What letter is represented by the binary number 01000001?

B

D

C

65 the letter A. 66 is the letter B. etc255 (1+2+4++8+16+32+64+128= 255

Each 8-bit binary number represents a character based on the ASCII encoding system. In ASCII, 01000001 corresponds to the letter A.

Explanation

Each 8-bit binary number represents a character based on the ASCII encoding system. In ASCII, 01000001 corresponds to the letter A.

12. What are mnemonics?What is a high level language?

Special characters used in graphic design. Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, etc.

Short words used by machine language. C++,Python,Java,etc. It is a new generation of programing language.

Symbols used by hardware architecture. Assembly, Machine Language, Binary, etc.

Long phrases used in natural language processing. HTML, CSS, JavaScript, etc.

Mnemonics are actually short words used to represent machine language instructions, while high level languages like C++, Python, and Java are new generation programming languages with more abstraction than machine code.

Explanation

Mnemonics are actually short words used to represent machine language instructions, while high level languages like C++, Python, and Java are new generation programming languages with more abstraction than machine code.

Introduction to Computing Fundamentals