Advanced Phlebotomy Skills and Knowledge Quiz

Blood Bourne Pathogens refer to pathogens that are transmitted through blood and bodily fluids containing blood. They include diseases such as hepatitis and HIV. Airborne, Waterborne, and Foodborne pathogens are transmitted through the air, water, and food respectively, not specifically through blood or blood-containing fluids.

Nosocomial infection refers to infections that are acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility setting. It is important to prevent and control nosocomial infections to ensure patient safety and health outcomes.

Fomites are inanimate objects or materials that can carry infectious microorganisms and contribute to their transmission. Vectors refer to organisms that can transmit diseases, pathogens are disease-causing agents, and antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens.

Plasma is the liquid component of blood and it accounts for about 55% of total blood volume. Serum is similar to plasma but without the clotting factors. Platelets are cell fragments that aid in blood clotting. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

After blood has clotted, the fluid portion that remains is known as serum. This is different from plasma which is the liquid part of blood before clotting. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen, and platelets are involved in blood clotting.

Formed elements in blood refer to red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which make up approximately 45% of blood volume.

Blood is composed of approximately 55% plasma, with the rest being made up of blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).

The correct answer lists the three main formed elements of blood, which are erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). The incorrect answers include other components of blood (plasma, platelets, fibrinogen) or types of white blood cells (monocytes, neutrophils, basophils).

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells and are known for their role in phagocytosis, which involves engulfing and digesting bacteria. Macrophages are also phagocytic cells, but neutrophils are generally the first responders to bacterial infections. T lymphocytes are involved in the adaptive immune response, while eosinophils are primarily involved in combating parasitic infections.

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that increases with exposure to allergens, while neutrophils, basophils, and monocytes do not show the same response to allergens.

When drawing blood from the superficial veins of the forearm, the veins should be accessed in the order of the median cubital vein first, followed by the cephalic vein, and then the basilic vein. This order minimizes the risk of hemolysis and contamination.

Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine, while hematoma refers to a localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels. Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood from the respiratory tract, and hemosiderinuria is the presence of hemosiderin in the urine, which can result from breakdown of red blood cells.

The correct answer is Endothelium, which is a thin layer of cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels. Epithelium is a type of tissue covering the external surface of the body, while Myocardium and Pericardium are specifically related to the heart.

The correct order of draw for blood collection tubes is essential to avoid cross-contamination and ensure accurate test results. Following the specified order helps maintain sample integrity and prevents errors in laboratory testing.

The correct additive found in the lavender tube is EDTA, which is commonly used as an anticoagulant for blood samples.

A CBC (Complete Blood Count) typically includes the measurement of hematocrit, hemoglobin, and a differential count to assess different components of the blood. The incorrect answers provided relate to other types of blood tests such as lipid profile, blood cell counts, and organ function tests.

When veins become hard and cord like, it indicates sclerosis or hardening of the vein walls, which is known as being sclerosed. Dilated veins are swollen, thrombosed veins have a blood clot, and collapsed veins have lost their structural integrity.

The correct answer is one minute because leaving a tourniquet on for longer periods of time can lead to complications such as tissue damage or nerve injury. It is important to follow proper tourniquet application guidelines to ensure safety and effectiveness.

The tourniquet should be tied 3-4 inches above the puncture site to effectively stop the blood flow without causing unnecessary discomfort or tissue damage.

A CBC (Complete Blood Count) is typically drawn in a Lavender tube which contains EDTA as an anticoagulant to prevent clotting during the sample collection process.

As the gauge of a needle increases, the diameter of the lumen decreases, making it smaller in size. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Smaller'.

The recommended needle length for general injections typically ranges from 1 to 1 1/2 inches. Shorter needles may not be long enough to effectively deliver the medication, while longer needles can increase the risk of complications or discomfort for the patient.

The correct term for the butterfly collection set used in medical procedures is 'Winged infusion set'. It is a type of intravenous (IV) catheter that has a pair of flexible 'wings' on either side of the needle hub, making it easier to hold in place during insertion and use.

The grey stopped tube is typically used for glucose testing and the additive inside is either Potassium Oxalate or Sodium Fluoride. The other options are commonly used additives in different colored tubes for various types of blood tests.

The correct additive in the light blue tube is Cutrate, which is commonly used in industrial settings for its specific chemical properties.

SPS (Sodium Polyethol Sulfate) is the correct additive found in the yellow tube used in specific applications. PVC, HCl, and PET are different materials commonly used for various purposes but not as additives in the yellow tube.

When testing for trace elements in blood samples, a royal blue tube is commonly used due to its specialized additives that prevent contamination and ensure accurate results. Lavender, green, and gray tubes are typically used for other types of blood tests that do not specifically focus on trace elements.

The correct tubes for drawing a blood culture test are the Yellow tube or blood culture bottles specifically designed for Aerobic and Anaerobic cultures. Blue, Green, and Purple tubes are not typically used for blood culture tests.

The correct tube for drawing a lipid panel is the RedSST tube. RedSST tubes contain a gel and clot activator to separate serum from blood cells for testing.