Pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics Quiz

1. What is the significance of first-pass effect in drug absorption?

First-pass effect only occurs with intramuscular administration of drugs.

The first-pass effect primarily affects the distribution of drugs to the brain.

Some drugs are absorbed directly into the systemic circulation without passing through the liver.

* All drugs which areabsorbed after ORAL administration pass directly to the HEPATIC-PORTAL CIRCULATION, which carries blood to the liver before it is distributed to other body tissues. Therefore some drugs may be INACTIVATED before they reach the SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

The first-pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug before it reaches systemic circulation, mainly occurring in the liver. This process can lead to drug inactivation and reduced bioavailability.

Explanation

The first-pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug before it reaches systemic circulation, mainly occurring in the liver. This process can lead to drug inactivation and reduced bioavailability.

2. What is meant by MINIMUM EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION?

The average concentration in a given population.

The minimum amount of concentration to produce a theraputic effecte

The fluctuating concentration over time.

The maximum amount of concentration before toxicity occurs.

The Minimum Effective Concentration refers to the smallest amount of a substance necessary to produce the desired therapeutic effect, not the maximum or average concentration, nor the fluctuating concentration over time.

Explanation

The Minimum Effective Concentration refers to the smallest amount of a substance necessary to produce the desired therapeutic effect, not the maximum or average concentration, nor the fluctuating concentration over time.

3. What is meant by Toxic Concentration?

The amount of medication to produce a toxic effect

The harmful impact of toxins on the environment.

The duration of time a toxin remains in the body.

The level of toxicity in a substance.

Toxic Concentration refers to the specific amount of a medication needed to induce a toxic effect in an individual. It is not related to the overall level of toxicity in a substance, the impact of toxins on the environment, or the duration of time a toxin stays in the body.

Explanation

Toxic Concentration refers to the specific amount of a medication needed to induce a toxic effect in an individual. It is not related to the overall level of toxicity in a substance, the impact of toxins on the environment, or the duration of time a toxin stays in the body.

4. What is the therapeutic range?

The surface area of the body that should be covered with medication.

The maximum concentration of a drug that should be reached in the blood.

The blood plasma concentration between to minimum effective concentration and toxic concentration

The amount of time a patient should take medication.

The therapeutic range refers to the optimal blood plasma concentration of a drug that produces the desired effect without causing toxic effects. It is crucial for determining the appropriate dosage for a patient.

Explanation

The therapeutic range refers to the optimal blood plasma concentration of a drug that produces the desired effect without causing toxic effects. It is crucial for determining the appropriate dosage for a patient.

5. What does plasma half life refer to?

A measure of the time it takes for plasma to be replenished in the body.

An indicator of how long a drug remains active in the body.

The length of time needed for the concentration of drug to decrease by half

The time it takes for a drug to reach its peak concentration in the body.

Plasma half life is important in determining the dosing frequency of a drug as it indicates how long it takes for the concentration of the drug in the plasma to reduce by half.

Explanation

Plasma half life is important in determining the dosing frequency of a drug as it indicates how long it takes for the concentration of the drug in the plasma to reduce by half.

6. What is the goal of drug therapy?

To prolong the duration of treatment regardless of side effects.

To increase the number of side effects for better outcomes.

Produce doses to a desired effect without any adverse side effects

To provide higher doses for faster results.

The correct goal of drug therapy is to achieve the desired effect with minimal or no adverse side effects, which is why producing doses tailored for optimal outcomes is crucial in treatment.

Explanation

The correct goal of drug therapy is to achieve the desired effect with minimal or no adverse side effects, which is why producing doses tailored for optimal outcomes is crucial in treatment.

7. What is the therapeutic index?

The frequency at which a drug should be administered

A measure of how potent a drug is

Relationship between and a drugs median effective dose to its median lethal dose

The rate at which a drug is metabolized

The therapeutic index is a ratio comparing the median effective dose (ED50) to the median lethal dose (LD50) of a drug, providing an indication of the margin of safety of the drug.

Explanation

The therapeutic index is a ratio comparing the median effective dose (ED50) to the median lethal dose (LD50) of a drug, providing an indication of the margin of safety of the drug.

8. What does efficacy refer to in pharmacology?

The chemical structure of a drug.

The duration of action of a drug.

The magnitude of the maximum response produced by the drug

The rate at which a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream.

Efficacy in pharmacology specifically refers to the maximum response that a drug can produce.

Explanation

Efficacy in pharmacology specifically refers to the maximum response that a drug can produce.

9. What are the 5 rights to drug administration?

PTRMDT

RMPTDD

DDTMRP

PMDRTD

The acronym PMDRTD stands for Patient, Medication, Dosage, Route, Time, and Documentation, which are the 5 rights to drug administration, ensuring patient safety and effective medication delivery.

Explanation

The acronym PMDRTD stands for Patient, Medication, Dosage, Route, Time, and Documentation, which are the 5 rights to drug administration, ensuring patient safety and effective medication delivery.

10. What is the acronym for the nursing process?

RSTUVW

123456

ABCDEF

ADPIE

The correct acronym for the nursing process is ADPIE, which stands for Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.

Explanation

The correct acronym for the nursing process is ADPIE, which stands for Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.

11. What are the different types of drug classes?

Stimulant, depressant, hallucinogen

Brand name, generic, herbal

Over the counter, prescription, illegal

Pharmacologicaltherapuetic chemical

Drug classes can be categorized based on their pharmacological effects, therapeutic uses, and chemical compositions.

Explanation

Drug classes can be categorized based on their pharmacological effects, therapeutic uses, and chemical compositions.