Ovarian Cancer

1. What are the most common malignancies of the lower female tract in order?

1. vulvar ca 2. vaginal ca 3. fallopian tube ca

1. endometrial ca2. ovarian ca3. cervix

The correct order of the most common malignancies of the lower female tract are endometrial ca, ovarian ca, and cervix. Vulvar ca, vaginal ca, and fallopian tube ca are also gynecological cancers but are less common compared to the initial three listed in the correct answer.

Explanation

The correct order of the most common malignancies of the lower female tract are endometrial ca, ovarian ca, and cervix. Vulvar ca, vaginal ca, and fallopian tube ca are also gynecological cancers but are less common compared to the initial three listed in the correct answer.

2. What is the most common cause of death in women due to gynecologic neoplasm in the US?

Ovarian ca - since most often diagnosed at a later stage after metastasis

Cervical cancer - often detected early through screening tests like Pap smears.

Endometrial cancer - typically diagnosed at an early stage due to symptoms like abnormal uterine bleeding.

Vaginal cancer - considered a rare cancer with better prognosis compared to other gynecologic neoplasms.

Gynecologic neoplasms encompass various types of cancers affecting the female reproductive organs, but ovarian cancer stands out as the leading cause of death due to its late-stage diagnosis.

Explanation

Gynecologic neoplasms encompass various types of cancers affecting the female reproductive organs, but ovarian cancer stands out as the leading cause of death due to its late-stage diagnosis.

3. At what age does the probability of ovarian cancer markedly begin to increase?

50

30

40

60

Ovarian cancer probability begins to significantly increase around the age of 50, making it an important age milestone for women in terms of screening and awareness.

Explanation

Ovarian cancer probability begins to significantly increase around the age of 50, making it an important age milestone for women in terms of screening and awareness.

4. What are the three types of cell lines present in ovarian tissue?

- epithelial
- germ cells or sex cord
- stromal cells

Fibroblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes

Hepatocytes, alveolar cells, adipocytes

Muscle cells, nerve cells, blood cells

Ovarian tissue primarily consists of epithelial, germ cells or sex cord, and stromal cells. The incorrect answers do not represent the cell lines typically found in ovarian tissue.

Explanation

Ovarian tissue primarily consists of epithelial, germ cells or sex cord, and stromal cells. The incorrect answers do not represent the cell lines typically found in ovarian tissue.

5. What are the types of ovarian cancer arising from the epithelial cells?

Germ cell

Serous
mucinous
endometrioid
brenner
carcinosarcoma or mixed mesodermal tumors

Granulosa cell

Clear cell

Ovarian cancer arising from epithelial cells can include serous, mucinous, endometrioid, brenner, carcinosarcoma or mixed mesodermal tumors. Clear cell, granulosa cell, and germ cell tumors are not classified as ovarian cancer arising from epithelial cells.

Explanation

Ovarian cancer arising from epithelial cells can include serous, mucinous, endometrioid, brenner, carcinosarcoma or mixed mesodermal tumors. Clear cell, granulosa cell, and germ cell tumors are not classified as ovarian cancer arising from epithelial cells.

6. What are the types of ovarian ca arising from the germ cells?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Teratoma - mature and immature
dysgerminoma
embryonal carcinoma
choriocarcinoma
endodermal sinus tumor
mixed germ cell tumor

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

The correct answer includes various types of ovarian cancer specifically arising from germ cells, while the incorrect answers do not fall under this category.

Explanation

The correct answer includes various types of ovarian cancer specifically arising from germ cells, while the incorrect answers do not fall under this category.

7. What are the types of ovarian cancer arising from the gonadal stroma?

Serous cystadenomas

Granulosa-theca cell tumors
sertoli-leydig tumors
gynandroblastomas
lipid cell tumors

Teratomas

Mucinous cystadenomas

Ovarian cancers arising from the gonadal stroma include granulosa-theca cell tumors, sertoli-leydig tumors, gynandroblastomas, and lipid cell tumors. Teratomas, mucinous cystadenomas, and serous cystadenomas are not classified as ovarian cancers arising from the gonadal stroma.

Explanation

Ovarian cancers arising from the gonadal stroma include granulosa-theca cell tumors, sertoli-leydig tumors, gynandroblastomas, and lipid cell tumors. Teratomas, mucinous cystadenomas, and serous cystadenomas are not classified as ovarian cancers arising from the gonadal stroma.

8. Neoplasms derived from non-specific mesenchyme.

Fibroma, hemangioma, lipoma
lymphoma
sarcoma

Adenoma

Leukemia

Carcinoma

Neoplasms derived from non-specific mesenchyme are typically benign or malignant tumors that arise from connective tissues. Fibroma, hemangioma, lipoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma are common examples of neoplasms derived from non-specific mesenchyme. Adenoma and carcinoma are epithelial tumors, while leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, not originating from mesenchymal tissues.

Explanation

Neoplasms derived from non-specific mesenchyme are typically benign or malignant tumors that arise from connective tissues. Fibroma, hemangioma, lipoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma are common examples of neoplasms derived from non-specific mesenchyme. Adenoma and carcinoma are epithelial tumors, while leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, not originating from mesenchymal tissues.

9. What are some common primary sites for neoplasms that metastasize to the ovary?

Prostate

Skin

GI (stomach primary=Krukenberg
breast
endometrium
lymphoma

Lung

Neoplasms metastatic to the ovary most commonly originate from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, breast, endometrium, and lymphoma. Lung, prostate, and skin are not common primary sites for ovarian metastasis.

Explanation

Neoplasms metastatic to the ovary most commonly originate from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, breast, endometrium, and lymphoma. Lung, prostate, and skin are not common primary sites for ovarian metastasis.

10. What is the mean age at diagnosis of ovarian cancer?

50

60

40

70

The correct answer is 60. While the mean age at diagnosis of ovarian cancer can vary, the average age is commonly reported to be around 60 years old.

Explanation

The correct answer is 60. While the mean age at diagnosis of ovarian cancer can vary, the average age is commonly reported to be around 60 years old.

11. What is the lifetime risk of obtaining ovarian cancer?

10%

25%

5%

1.8%

The correct answer of 1.8% represents the lifetime risk of obtaining ovarian cancer. It is important to be aware of these statistics for proactive healthcare measures.

Explanation

The correct answer of 1.8% represents the lifetime risk of obtaining ovarian cancer. It is important to be aware of these statistics for proactive healthcare measures.

12. What is the lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer with a personal history of breast cancer or a first-degree relative with ovarian cancer?

10-15%

4-7%

20-25%

1-3%

The correct answer is 4-7%. Having a personal history of breast cancer or a first-degree relative with ovarian cancer increases the risk of developing ovarian cancer to about 4-7%.

Explanation

The correct answer is 4-7%. Having a personal history of breast cancer or a first-degree relative with ovarian cancer increases the risk of developing ovarian cancer to about 4-7%.