Nsca Csps Exam

1. What is MI, and what is/are typical cause(s)?

MI stands for Myocardial Insufficiency, typically caused by a congenital heart defect affecting blood flow to the heart.

MI stands for Myocardial Infection, typically caused by a viral or bacterial pathogen affecting the heart tissue.

MI stands for Myocardial Inflammation, typically caused by an autoimmune response targeting the heart muscle.

MI stands for Myocardial Infarction, typically caused by thrombus formation in the coronary artery, due to established CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) or Atherosclerosis.

Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, leading to damage or death of heart tissue. The correct answer explains the acronym and its typical causes, while the incorrect answers provide false information to test the respondent's knowledge.

Explanation

Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, leading to damage or death of heart tissue. The correct answer explains the acronym and its typical causes, while the incorrect answers provide false information to test the respondent's knowledge.

2. What factors likely play a direct or indirect role in atherosclerotic development?

Diabetes (i.e., metabolic injury), physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, hypertension, blood concentrations of homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleuken-6 (IL6), the aging process, genetic makeup, and gender-related factors (15,27,32,77,79,85, 95,111,139,140,174,177).

High intake of vitamin C

Low cholesterol levels

Regular aerobic exercise

Atherosclerosis is not caused by high intake of vitamin C as it is actually beneficial. Regular aerobic exercise and low cholesterol levels are factors that are known to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.

Explanation

Atherosclerosis is not caused by high intake of vitamin C as it is actually beneficial. Regular aerobic exercise and low cholesterol levels are factors that are known to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.

3. What are some common symptoms of a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

Angina pectoris, unusual shortness of breath (i.e., dyspnea) profound weakness, profuse sweating (i.e., diaphoresis), loss of consciousness (i.e., syncope), confusion, dizziness, nausea.

Chest pain, back pain, joint pain, coughing

Fatigue, hunger, skin rash, sensitivity to light

Headache, muscle cramps, blurred vision, fever

Symptoms of a heart attack typically include a combination of chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, weakness, sweating, loss of consciousness, confusion, dizziness, and nausea. It is important to recognize these symptoms as signs of a potentially life-threatening condition and seek immediate medical attention.

Explanation

Symptoms of a heart attack typically include a combination of chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, weakness, sweating, loss of consciousness, confusion, dizziness, and nausea. It is important to recognize these symptoms as signs of a potentially life-threatening condition and seek immediate medical attention.

4. What are some general treatment options for Diabetes?

Metformin

Furosemide

For Type-1 = InsulinFor Type 2 = Sulfonylureas (chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, glipizide, glyburide, and glimepiride), Biguanides, Thiazolidinediones, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors, DPP-4 Inhibitors

Ibuprofen

5. Define metabolic syndrome.

A syndrome caused by external factors like pollution and radiation.

It's a term for endogenous risk factors that increase the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and recently reported, kidney disease (16).

A term used to describe a group of unrelated metabolic disorders.

A condition characterized by excessive metabolic rate.

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

Explanation

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

6. What are some pharmacological treatments for hypertension?

3. Antibiotics

1. ACE inhibitor or ARB class of drugs2. Decreased sodium intake3. Increased physical activity4. Decreased psychological stress

1. Beta blockers

2. Calcium channel blockers

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is usually treated with ACE inhibitors or ARBs to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antibiotics are not typically used as first-line treatments for hypertension.

Explanation

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is usually treated with ACE inhibitors or ARBs to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antibiotics are not typically used as first-line treatments for hypertension.