Kinesiology West - Muscle Actions & Attachments

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| By Thames

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| Questions: 14

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1. What is the function of the Erector Spinae Group (Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis)?

B: Flexes the vertebral column

D: Raises the arms above the head

C: Rotates the vertebral column

A: Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to same side, Bilaterally: extends the vertebral column
O: Common tendon (thoracolumbar aponeurosis) that attaches to the posterior surface of the sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of T10-L5
I: Various attachments of posterior ribs, spinous & transverse processes of thoracic & cervical vertebrae, mastoid process of temporal bone

From lateral to medial, the erector spinae muscles can be remembered using the mnemonic, "I Long for Spinach" for Illiocostalis, Longissimus and Spinalis

The Erector Spinae Group plays a crucial role in the extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column, rather than flexion, rotation, or arm movement.

Explanation

The Erector Spinae Group plays a crucial role in the extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column, rather than flexion, rotation, or arm movement.

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Kinesiology West - Muscle Actions & Attachments - Quiz

Kinesiology - Western Segment, National Holistic Institute
Muscle Names, Actions, Origins and Insertions

2. What is the main function of the rectus abdominis muscle?

Extend the vertebral column, tilt the pelvis anteriorly

Rotate the scapulae, elevate the shoulders

A: Flex the vertebral column, Tilt the pelvis posteriorly (forward)
O: Pubic Crest, Pubic Symphysis
I: Cartilage of 5th, 6th & 7th ribs, xyphoid process

Flex the hip joint, extend the knee joint

The rectus abdominis muscle is responsible for flexing the vertebral column and tilting the pelvis posteriorly, aiding in movements like sit-ups or crunches.

Explanation

The rectus abdominis muscle is responsible for flexing the vertebral column and tilting the pelvis posteriorly, aiding in movements like sit-ups or crunches.

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3. What is the function and origin/insertion points of the Internal Oblique muscle?

C: Extends the vertebral column and rotates it to the opposite side O: Spinous processes of lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia I: Mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone

D: Flexes the thoracic spine and laterally flexes the trunk O: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberances I: Lateral clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula

B: Flexes the hip joint and adducts the thigh O: Greater trochanter of femur I: Linea aspera of femur

A: Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to same side, rotate the vertebral column to the same side Bilaterally: flex the vertebral column, compress abdominal contents
O: lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest & thoracolumbar fascia
I: internal surface of lower 3 ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

The correct answer describes the functions, origin, and insertion points of the Internal Oblique muscle in detail. The incorrect answers provide inaccurate information about the functions, origin, and insertion points of other muscles to create a challenging multiple-choice question.

Explanation

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4. What are the functions and attachments of the External Oblique muscle?

C: Rotate the shoulder joint

B: Flex the knee joint

D: Extend the hip joint

A: Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to same side, rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side Bilaterally: flex the vertebral column, compress abdominal contents
O: external surfaces of 5th to 12th ribs
I: anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

The correct answer describes the specific functions and attachments of the External Oblique muscle, which differ from the functions of the muscles mentioned in the incorrect answers.

Explanation

The correct answer describes the specific functions and attachments of the External Oblique muscle, which differ from the functions of the muscles mentioned in the incorrect answers.

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5. What is the function of Quadratus Lumborum?

C: Control the ankle movement

B: Flex the elbow joint

A: Assist in bending the knee

A: Unilaterally: laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis, laterally flex vertebral column to same side Bilaterally: assist to extend the vertebral column, fix the last rib during forced inhalation & exhalation
O: posterior iliac crest
I: last rib and transverse processes of L1-L4

Quadratus Lumborum primarily functions in laterally tilting the pelvis, flexing the vertebral column, extending the vertebral column, and fixing the last rib during breathing. It is not involved in bending the knee, flexing the elbow joint, or controlling ankle movement.

Explanation

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6. What is the function of Iliopsoas (Iliacus and Psoas Major) muscle?

A: With Origin Fixed: flex the hip, may laterally rotate the hip With Insertion Fixed: flex the trunk toward the thigh, tilt the pelvis anteriorly (back) Unilaterally: assist to laterally flex the lumbar spine
O: Psoas Major: bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) Iliacus: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter

D: With Origin Fixed: rotate the hip, flex the knee With Insertion Fixed: rotate the trunk, tilt the pelvis laterally Unilaterally: assist to flex the hip

B: With Origin Fixed: extend the hip, internally rotate the hip With Insertion Fixed: extend the trunk away from the thigh, tilt the pelvis posteriorly Unilaterally: assist to medially flex the lumbar spine

C: With Origin Fixed: abduct the hip, may medially rotate the hip With Insertion Fixed: abduct the trunk away from the thigh, tilt the pelvis laterally Unilaterally: assist to extend the lumbar spine

The correct function of Iliopsoas (Iliacus and Psoas Major) muscle involves actions such as flexing the hip, laterally rotating the hip, flexing the trunk toward the thigh, tilting the pelvis anteriorly (back), and assisting to laterally flex the lumbar spine.

Explanation

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7. Gluteus Medius.

A: All Fibers: abduct the hip Anterior Fibers: flex and medially rotate the hip Posterior Fibers: extend and laterally rotate the hip
O: Outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle gluteal lines, just below the iliac crest
I: Lateral surface of greater trochanter

Gluteus Medius is an antagonist to itself; the anterior and posterior fibers do the opposite actions.

B: All Fibers: adduct the hip Anterior Fibers: extend and laterally rotate the hip Posterior Fibers: flex and medially rotate the hip

C: All Fibers: internally rotate the hip Anterior Fibers: extend and laterally rotate the hip Posterior Fibers: flex and medially rotate the hip

D: All Fibers: extend the hip Anterior Fibers: abduct the hip Posterior Fibers: flex and medially rotate the hip

The Gluteus Medius has different actions for its fibers and location, making it an important muscle for hip movements.

Explanation

The Gluteus Medius has different actions for its fibers and location, making it an important muscle for hip movements.

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8. What are the functions and attachments of the piriformis muscle?

C: Posterior surface of the sacrum

D: Inferior aspect of the greater trochanter

A: Laterally rotate the hip, abduct the hip when hip is flexed
O: Anterior surface of the sacrum
I: Superior aspect of the greater trochanter

B: Medially rotate the hip, adduct the hip when hip is flexed

The piriformis muscle plays a key role in laterally rotating the hip and abducting the hip when it is flexed. It originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum and inserts on the superior aspect of the greater trochanter. Incorrect answers include functions and attachments that do not correspond with the actual functions and attachments of the piriformis muscle.

Explanation

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9. What are the actions of Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle?

B: Extend the knee, laterally rotate the hip, adduct the hip

C: Flex the knee, laterally rotate the hip, abduct the hip

A: Flex the hip, Medially rotate the hip, abduct the hip
O: Iliac crest, posterior to the ASIS
I: Iliotibial Tract

D: Extend the hip, medially rotate the hip, adduct the hip

The correct answer describes the primary actions of the Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle, which are flexing the hip, medially rotating the hip, and abducting the hip. The other options provide combinations of actions not associated with this particular muscle.

Explanation

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10. What is the function of the Tibialis Posterior muscle?

A: Invert the foot, plantar flex the ankle
O: Proximal posterior shafts of tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane
I: All five tarsal bones and bases of 2nd through 4th metatarsals

D: Abduct the thigh and rotate the hip externally

B: Flex the knee and extend the hip

C: Dorsiflex the foot, evert the ankle

The Tibialis Posterior muscle is responsible for inverting the foot and plantar flexing the ankle, not performing the functions described in the incorrect answers.

Explanation

The Tibialis Posterior muscle is responsible for inverting the foot and plantar flexing the ankle, not performing the functions described in the incorrect answers.

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11. What is the function of the Peronius Longus muscle?

A: Evert the foot, assist to plantar flex the ankle
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of fibula
I: Bases of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

D: Extend the wrist and fingers

B: Flex the knee and extend the hip

C: Adduct the thigh

Peronius Longus is a muscle in the lower leg responsible for eversion of the foot and assisting in plantar flexion of the ankle. It originates from the head and proximal 2/3 of fibula and inserts into the bases of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform. This muscle does not have the functions mentioned in the incorrect answers.

Explanation

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12. What is the function of the Extensor Digitorum Longus muscle?

Flex the ankle, invert the foot, extend the toes

A: Extend the 2nd through 5th toes, dorsiflex the ankle, evert the foot
O: Lateral condyle of the Tibia, proximal anterior shaft of the fibula, interosseous membrane
I: Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd through 5th toes

Abduct the toes, extend the ankle, evert the foot

Flex the toes, plantarflex the ankle, invert the foot

The Extensor Digitorum Longus muscle is responsible for extending the 2nd through 5th toes, dorsiflexing the ankle, and everting the foot.

Explanation

The Extensor Digitorum Longus muscle is responsible for extending the 2nd through 5th toes, dorsiflexing the ankle, and everting the foot.

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13. What is the function of the Extensor Digitorum muscle?

A: Extend the 2nd through 5th fingers, assist to extend the wrist
O: Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd through 5th fingers

D: Abduct the thumb

B: Flex the wrist

C: Flex the fingers

The Extensor Digitorum muscle is responsible for extending the 2nd through 5th fingers and assisting in extending the wrist. The incorrect options do not accurately describe the function of this muscle.

Explanation

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14. What is the function of the Flexor Carpi Radialis muscle?

C: Rotate the shoulder internally and abduct the hip

D: Flex and adduct the wrist, may assist to extend the elbow

A: Flex and abduct the wrist, may assist to flex the elbow
O: Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

B: Extend and adduct the wrist, may assist to extend the elbow

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