Lifesci 3b03 Midterm 1

Visualanosognosia is a condition where the patient denies their own visual impairment. The correct answer describes the manifestation of this condition along with the location of brain damage. The three incorrect answers provide alternative scenarios with different types of visual impairments and locations of brain damage to test the understanding of the concept.

Hemineglect is specifically related to the left side of the body and not the right side. The brain damage associated with Hemineglect is typically in the Right-Parietal Lobe, not the Left-Parietal Lobe, Frontal Lobe, or Occipital Lobe.

Viewer-Centered Neglect is caused by reduced blood flow (hypoperfusion) to the Right Angular Gyrus and Supramarginal Gyrus. Lesions or dysfunctions in other brain areas mentioned in the incorrect answers do not directly cause Viewer-Centered Neglect.

Stimulus-Centered Neglect is primarily caused by hypoperfusion of the Right Superior Temporal Gyrus, leading to a lack of attention or awareness towards stimuli in the affected side of space.

The superior parietal cortex is responsible for processing information related to high level searches, such as spatial awareness and attention. The temporal lobe, cerebellum, and frontal cortex are not specifically associated with high level searches.

The 'rivalry' phenomenon in Hemineglect refers to the inability of the patient to count fingers in the left visual field if fingers are also present in the right visual field. This phenomenon is characterized by the competition or interference between the left and right visual fields when processing information, leading to difficulties in visual perception and awareness.

A vegetative state is characterized by the lack of awareness of self or environment, despite sleep-wake cycles and sporadic eye movements. The individual is not able to communicate effectively, their sensory perception is impaired, and they have limited physical movement and mobility.

Locked-in Syndrome is a condition where a person is fully conscious but unable to move or talk, except for moving their eyes. This condition is characterized by the inability to move and limited forms of communication. When asked to imagine moving in Locked-in Syndrome patients, there is activation seen in the supplementary motor areas of the brain.

The question asks for a comparison table, which cannot be provided in a text-based response. Therefore, the correct answer is simply a smiley face indicating the impossibility of drawing out the table in this context.

The 3 eye reflexes are essential for assessing brain function and are different from other reflexes like the Gag, Knee Jerk, and Respiratory reflexes.

Breathing patterns can be affected by specific brain damage depending on the location and severity of the injury.

The correct answer describes the Decorticate and Decerebrate postures associated with brain damage, specifically where the damage occurred in the cortex and brain stem respectively. The incorrect answers provided describe different body postures associated with various conditions and injuries, showcasing the importance of understanding the specific characteristics of each posture.

Akinetic Mutism is a condition characterized by being silent, apathetic, aware of surroundings, and having the ability to speak. The cause is typically due to Bilateral Frontal Lobe dysfunction or hypofunction. The incorrect answers provided describe different conditions and causes related to dysfunction in other areas of the brain.

Catatonic state is characterized by a lack of movement, waxy flexibility, echopraxia and echolalia, along with other features mentioned in the correct answer, but not by excessive talking, increased appetite, stiff rigid movements, inability to sleep, decreased motor activity, or visual hallucinations.

Brain death is characterized by the complete absence of brain function, including no response to stimulation, respiratory arrest, and absence of EEG activity. The incorrect answers are unrelated to the specific features seen in brain death.

Capgras syndrome is a psychological disorder where a person holds a delusional belief that a close family member or friend has been replaced by an identical-looking impostor. This syndrome is often associated with damage to the Parietal and Frontal Lobes of the brain, affecting the person's ability to recognize familiar faces.

William's Syndrome is caused by a defect in the Elastin Gene located on Chromosome 7, leading to the defective development of the dorsal stream in the brain.

William's Syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by unique personality traits and specific physical features. The correct symptoms include hyper-sociable behavior, mental retardation, difficulty in discriminating between strangers and friends, visuospatial construction deficits, and poor judgement of distance and navigation of obstacles. Symptoms like impaired hearing and vision are not typically associated with William's Syndrome. Additionally, heightened senses of taste and smell or increased intelligence and problem-solving skills are not common symptoms of this condition.

Face-selective neurons in primates are predominantly found on the right side, with a specific clustering pattern of 6 patches in the temporal cortex and 3 patches in the prefrontal cortex. The incorrect answers provided do not align with the actual distribution and clustering pattern of face-selective neurons in primates.

Rhodopsin is a protein found in the rods of the retina and consists of Opsin (protein) and Cis-Retinal (photosensitive). Trans-Retinal is not a component of Rhodopsin and is not photosensitive. Rhodopsin itself is a protein, not an enzyme. Glycogen is a carbohydrate storage molecule and is not a component of Rhodopsin.

When 11 Cis-Retinal is exposed to light, it converts into All Trans-Retinal due to photoisomerization process.