Advanced IB Biology HL Quiz on Digestive Enzymes and Processes

1. Explain why digestion of large food molecules is essential [3].

Digesting large food molecules helps in weight loss.

Large food molecules are more nutritious than smaller molecules.

Absorption of large food molecules directly into the blood stream is more efficient.

The digestion of large food molecules is essential to break them down into smaller, soluble molecules that can be absorbed in the blood stream. This process allows the body to utilize the nutrients efficiently.

Explanation

The digestion of large food molecules is essential to break them down into smaller, soluble molecules that can be absorbed in the blood stream. This process allows the body to utilize the nutrients efficiently.

2. Compare the products, source, substrates, pH condition, and action of one amylase, one protease, and one lipase.

The correct answers provide accurate information about the sources, substrates, pH conditions, and actions of amylase, protease, and lipase. The incorrect answers contain misinformation about these enzymes, highlighting the importance of understanding their specific characteristics in digestion.

Explanation

The correct answers provide accurate information about the sources, substrates, pH conditions, and actions of amylase, protease, and lipase. The incorrect answers contain misinformation about these enzymes, highlighting the importance of understanding their specific characteristics in digestion.

3. Define endopeptidase.

A type of carbohydrate found in plants.

A process involving the synthesis of nucleic acids.

The breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

The hydrolysis of polypeptides into peptides (polymer to monomer) using enzymes

Endopeptidase specifically refers to the hydrolysis of polypeptides into peptides using enzymes, and it is not related to carbohydrates, nucleic acids, or lipids.

Explanation

Endopeptidase specifically refers to the hydrolysis of polypeptides into peptides using enzymes, and it is not related to carbohydrates, nucleic acids, or lipids.

4. The action of pancreatic lipases require the presence of what that emulsify lipids?

Bile salts

Amylase

Glucagon

Insulin

Pancreatic lipases specifically require bile salts to emulsify lipids for digestion. Insulin and glucagon are hormones involved in glucose regulation, while amylase is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of carbohydrates.

Explanation

Pancreatic lipases specifically require bile salts to emulsify lipids for digestion. Insulin and glucagon are hormones involved in glucose regulation, while amylase is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of carbohydrates.

5. What are the effects of emulsification?

1. inhibits the breakdown of fats2. reduces the efficiency of digestive enzymes3. causes the separation of lipids from water

1. increases the surface area of lipids for the digestion of fats2. exposes the glycerol "head" structure to the enzyme

Emulsification actually helps in the digestion of fats by increasing surface area and exposing the glycerol 'head' structure to enzymes. The incorrect answers provided are not aligned with the positive effects of emulsification.

Explanation

Emulsification actually helps in the digestion of fats by increasing surface area and exposing the glycerol 'head' structure to enzymes. The incorrect answers provided are not aligned with the positive effects of emulsification.

6. Draw and label a diagram of the digestive system.

A diagram of the circulatory system.

See diagram

A diagram of the respiratory system.

A diagram of the nervous system.

The correct answer should focus on the digestive system, which includes organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. Incorrect answers refer to other body systems unrelated to digestion.

Explanation

The correct answer should focus on the digestive system, which includes organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. Incorrect answers refer to other body systems unrelated to digestion.

7. Define digestion.

Breaking down food into smaller particles

The conversion of food into energy

The hydrolysis of polymers to monomers

The process of absorbing nutrients from food

Digestion specifically refers to the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

Explanation

Digestion specifically refers to the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

8. Outline the function of the stomach.

(a) Absorbs nutrients from food

(b) Regulates blood sugar levels

(c) Aids in oxygen transport in the body

The correct function of the stomach is actually to store food from a meal and begin protein digestion. It does not absorb nutrients directly, regulate blood sugar levels, or aid in oxygen transport.

Explanation

The correct function of the stomach is actually to store food from a meal and begin protein digestion. It does not absorb nutrients directly, regulate blood sugar levels, or aid in oxygen transport.

9. Outline the function of the small intestine.

(a) Villus which increase the surface area for absorption of the products of digestion

(c) Lacteals are connect to the lymphatic system for the transport of lipids.

(b) Microvilli border of the epithelial cell increases the surface area for absorption.

The small intestine is a vital organ in the digestive system responsible for completing the digestion process and absorbing the products of digestion. It achieves this through various structures and mechanisms such as the villi, microvilli, lacteals for lipid transport, blood vessels for product transportation, and muscle for peristalsis.

Explanation

The small intestine is a vital organ in the digestive system responsible for completing the digestion process and absorbing the products of digestion. It achieves this through various structures and mechanisms such as the villi, microvilli, lacteals for lipid transport, blood vessels for product transportation, and muscle for peristalsis.

10. Distinguish between absorption and assimilation.

Absorption involves transporting insoluble food molecules directly to tissues for use, while assimilation involves soluble products being excreted as waste.

Absorption and assimilation are key processes in the digestive system where absorption refers to the uptake of soluble products into the bloodstream from the gut lining, whereas assimilation involves the utilization of these absorbed molecules by tissues for energy and growth.

Explanation

Absorption and assimilation are key processes in the digestive system where absorption refers to the uptake of soluble products into the bloodstream from the gut lining, whereas assimilation involves the utilization of these absorbed molecules by tissues for energy and growth.