Geology 107 Lab Exam 1

Sandstone is a sedimentary rock that is highly permeable, allowing it to retain water within its pores.

Lisinite coal is a specific type of coal with unique properties that distinguish it from other types of coal such as Bituminous, Anthracite, and Lignite coal.

Breccia is a type of rock composed of broken fragments of minerals or rocks cemented together, while Slate, Quartzite, and Gneiss are types of rocks with different compositions and textures.

Shale is formed from fine-grained sediments such as mud, silt, and clay that have been compressed over time. Granite, marble, and limestone are different types of rocks with distinct compositions and formations compared to shale.

Fossil ferous refers to a material that contains fossils or is made up of fossilized remains.

Slate is a type of fine-grained rock that is commonly used as a roofing material due to its durability and natural beauty.

Coquina is a type of sedimentary rock made up of loosely consolidated fragments of shells and coral. Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of clay, silt, and shale particles. Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock, or organic material. Limestone is a sedimentary rock primarily made up of calcium carbonate.

The correct answer is Carbonate, which is represented by the chemical symbol 'p'. Potassium is represented by the symbol 'K', Phosphorus by 'P' and Platinum by 'Pt'.

Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed organic matter formed in wetlands over thousands of years. While moss, silt, and lichen are also common in wetland environments, they do not specifically refer to partially decayed organic matter like peat does.

Chert is a common type of rock found at the Grand Canyon, known for its distinctive colors and formations.

A conglomerate is a large corporation that owns a collection of companies in different industries, while a franchise is a type of license that a party (franchisee) acquires to allow them to have access to a business's (franchisor) proprietary knowledge, processes, and trademarks in order to allow the party to sell a product or provide a service under the business's name. A sole proprietorship is a business structure where an individual runs and owns the business, and a partnership is a formal arrangement between two or more parties to manage and operate a business and share its profits.

Quartzite is a metamorphic rock composed mainly of quartz, whereas slate, marble, and granite are different types of rocks with distinct mineral compositions and formation processes.

Phyllite is a type of metamorphic rock known for its sheen and wrinkled appearance, derived from the metamorphism of slate.

Schist is a metamorphic rock that forms from the metamorphism of shale, while Granite, Marble, and Basalt are all different types of rocks that do not form from the metamorphism of shale.

Anthracite coal is the highest rank of coal in terms of carbon content and energy output, making it the hardest type of coal. Bituminous coal is a lower rank, followed by lignite coal and peat.

Gneiss is a metamorphic rock that is characterized by distinct layering, known as foliation, caused by intense pressures and temperatures. Marble, quartzite, and slate are also metamorphic rocks but do not exhibit the same layering as gneiss.

Diamond is the hardest natural material known, scoring 10 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. This makes it highly suitable for use in cutting, grinding, and drilling applications.

While granite is a common type of rock, it is not the hardest natural substance on Earth. Iron is a strong metal but it is not as hard as diamond. Quartz is a mineral commonly found in the Earth's crust but it is not the hardest natural substance either. Diamond is known for its exceptional hardness, making it the correct answer.

Diorite is an igneous rock formed from the cooling of magma deep within the Earth's crust.

Basalt Porphyry is a type of igneous rock formed from cooling of lava containing large crystals (phenocrysts) in a fine-grained matrix.

Andesite is an igneous rock, not sedimentary, metamorphic, or granite.

Scoria is a type of volcanic rock that is formed from magma and has a glassy texture. It is typically dark in color due to its high iron content.

Gabbro is a type of coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magma intruding into the crust. Gneiss and schist are metamorphic rocks, while basalt is a fine-grained extrusive igneous rock.

Rhyolite Porphry is an igneous rock formed by the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

The chemical symbol for Potassium is K, derived from its Latin name 'kalium'.

Biotite Mica is a common mineral found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, known for its black or dark brown color and the thin, sheet-like structure.

Flourite, also known as calcium fluoride, has the chemical formula CaF2.

Calcite is a commonly used mineral to make antacid tablets because of its ability to neutralize stomach acid. Halite, Quartz, and Gypsum are not typically used for this purpose.

Sulfur's chemical symbol is 'S', not 'Sphalerite' which is a mineral, 'K' for potassium, or 'SR' which is not the correct symbol.