Chapter 11- Cardiovascular Health

CVD stands for cardiovascular disease, which is a disease of the heart and blood vessels, not related to chronic vomiting, contagious viruses, or the central nervous system.

Age, family history of cardiovascular disease, and gender are non-modifiable risk factors for CSV, unlike obesity, diabetes, inactivity, tobacco use, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels which can be changed or managed to reduce the risk of CSV.

Blood pressure is classified as low, high, or normal based on the readings taken. The classification helps in assessing cardiovascular health and potential risks.

While exercise habits and blood pressure levels can certainly impact cardiovascular health, the question specifically asks for factors other than cholesterol. Family history of heart disease, while important, is not part of the given answer.

Risk factors such as diet, exercise habits, and smoking can be modified through lifestyle changes, unlike factors like family history, aging, being male, and ethnicity which cannot be changed.

High cholesterol levels are a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, while regular exercise and a vegetarian diet are actually protective factors against cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to a group of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. Major forms of CVD include hypertension, stroke, heart disease and heart attacks, congestive heart failure, and atherosclerosis. Diabetes, arthritis, and asthma are not considered major forms of CVD.

Plaque development involves the formation of biofilm, initial attachment of bacteria to the tooth surface, maturation of the biofilm, and eventually detachment leading to potential oral health issues.

Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in the arteries, leading to thickening and blocking blood flow. It is not caused by bacterial infection or viruses, nor is it related to the widening of arteries due to exercise.

A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when the coronary artery becomes blocked, leading to damage to the heart muscle. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, and congestive heart failure are different cardiac conditions with their own distinct characteristics.

Heart disease diagnosis typically involves non-invasive tests like MRI and echocardiogram, along with more invasive procedures like angiogram. Treatment options include surgical procedures like coronary bypass surgery and balloon angioplasty, as well as medications, aspirin, and lifestyle changes.

A stroke specifically involves the brain being deprived of blood supply, leading to potential severe consequences as compared to the other options provided.

Congestive heart failure is a serious condition where the heart is unable to efficiently pump blood, leading to fluid buildup in the body. It is not contagious, caused by excessive caffeine intake, or characterized by overly efficient pumping of blood.

To protect yourself from cardiovascular disease, it is important to follow a heart-healthy diet, exercise regularly, avoid tobacco, manage blood pressure and cholesterol, and know your risk factors. Choosing high-fat and high-cholesterol foods, consuming excessive sodium without enough potassium, and being sedentary can increase your risk of heart disease.

Maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise are key factors in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Smoking, consuming high cholesterol foods, and leading a sedentary lifestyle are known to increase the risk of CVD.