Central Nervous System

Gyri are the raised folds on the surface of the brain, while sulci are the small grooves between gyri. Fissures are deep grooves that divide the brain into lobes. The cerebellum is the part of the brain responsible for coordination and motor control.

The meninges are the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. The arachnoid mater is the middle layer, located between the dura mater (outer layer) and pia mater (inner layer). Cerebrospinal mater is not a correct term and does not exist in anatomy.

The brain controls the opposite side of the body, so the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body.

The spinal cord has regions where the diameter is enlarged to accommodate the increased number of nerves that supply specific areas of the body. The lumbar enlargement supplies nerves to the lower limbs, while the cervical enlargement supplies nerves to the shoulders and arms. The incorrect answer options provide different combinations of spinal cord enlargements which do not match the correct distribution of nerves in the body.

The innermost layer of meninges that supplies blood vessels to the brain is called the pia mater. It is a thin and delicate membrane that adheres closely to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

The longitudinal fissure is a deep groove that separates the two hemispheres of the brain. The other options do not specifically refer to the structure that divides the hemispheres.

Motor impulses travel from the brain down the spinal cord through the descending tracts to reach the muscles for movement.

The corpus callosum is the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain, allowing for communication between them. The medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and pineal gland are important structures in the brain but do not serve the specific function of connecting the hemispheres.

The cerebrum is responsible for higher mental activities and functions such as learning and decision-making. The cerebellum is primarily involved in motor control and coordination. The medulla oblongata controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other biological processes.

Sensory impulses travel through ascending tracts in the spinal cord towards the brain for processing and interpretation. Descending tracts carry motor impulses away from the brain, while transverse and lateral tracts do not play significant roles in sensory transmission.

The meninges are three layers of protective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord. The outermost layer is the dura mater, followed by the arachnoid mater, and then the pia mater.

The fluid that fills cavities within our brains is called cerebrospinal fluid. While neurons are the cells that make up the nervous system, and meninges are the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

The brain and spinal cord are surrounded and float within cerebrospinal fluid, which provides protection and nutrients to these vital organs.

The brain stem is responsible for basic life functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure regulation.

The limbic system is responsible for controlling emotional experiences, while the endocrine system deals with hormone regulation, the digestive system processes food, and the skeletal system supports the body's structure.

The medulla oblongata is a vital part of the brainstem that controls many autonomic functions essential for survival.

The hippocampus is a key structure in the brain responsible for the formation of new memories, while the cerebellum is mainly involved in motor control and coordination. The amygdala plays a role in processing emotions, and the prefrontal cortex is involved in decision-making and social behavior.

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it secretes hormones that regulate the functions of many other endocrine glands in the body. While other glands mentioned also produce hormones, the pituitary gland plays a key role in coordinating and controlling hormone production throughout the body.

The hypothalamus is a vital part of the brain that regulates essential bodily functions. While the thalamus is also part of the diencephalon, it mainly acts as a relay station for sensory information. The amygdala is involved in emotions and memory, while the hippocampus plays a role in memory formation.