Cells & Their Functions

1. What are microvilli?

Des: Small organelles within the cellFx: Involved in protein synthesis and packaging.

Des: Fluid-filled sacs within the cytoplasmFx: Stores water, nutrients, and waste products.

Des: Short extensions of the cell membraneFx: Contains the chromosomes, the hereditary units that direct all cellular activities.

Des: Hair-like projections on the cell surfaceFx: Responsible for cell movement and locomotion.

Microvilli are indeed short extensions of the cell membrane that increase the surface area of the cell for absorption and secretion purposes. The incorrect answers provided describe different cellular structures or organelles with distinct functions to highlight the unique features of microvilli.

Explanation

Microvilli are indeed short extensions of the cell membrane that increase the surface area of the cell for absorption and secretion purposes. The incorrect answers provided describe different cellular structures or organelles with distinct functions to highlight the unique features of microvilli.

2. What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Des: The nucleus is involved in cell movement. Fx: Provides the contractile force needed for cellular locomotion.

Des: Large, dark-staining organelle near the center of the cell, composed of DNA and proteinsFx: Contains chromosomes, the hereditary units that direct all cellular activities.

Des: The nucleus functions as a waste disposal unit in the cell. Fx: Processes and removes cellular waste materials.

Des: The nucleus is responsible for energy production in the cell. Fx: Converts nutrients into ATP for cellular processes.

The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material that directs cellular activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. It is not involved in energy production, cell movement, or waste disposal.

Explanation

The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material that directs cellular activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. It is not involved in energy production, cell movement, or waste disposal.

3. What is the function of the nucleolus?

Des: Helps maintain the shape of the nucleus. Fx: Produces energy for the cell.

Des: Small body in the nucleus; composed of RNA, DNA, and protein.Fx: Makes ribosomes

Des: Stores genetic material in the nucleus. Fx: Regulates cell division.

Des: Controls the movement of molecules into and out of the nucleus. Fx: Transcribes genetic information.

The nucleolus is responsible for making ribosomes, not storing genetic material, maintaining nucleus shape, or controlling molecule movement.

Explanation

The nucleolus is responsible for making ribosomes, not storing genetic material, maintaining nucleus shape, or controlling molecule movement.

4. What is cytoplasm?

Des: Colloidal suspension that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membraneFx: Site of many cellular activities; consists of cytosol and organelles.

Des: A hard outer shell that protects the cell Fx: Not a part of the cell's internal composition.

Des: A type of bacteria that causes infection in the body Fx: Not related to the structure or function of the cell.

Des: A form of genetic material found in the nucleus Fx: Does not play a role in the cell's internal structure.

Cytoplasm is a colloidal suspension that fills the cell and is the site of many cellular activities. It consists of cytosol and organelles, unlike the incorrect answers provided above which do not accurately describe the nature of cytoplasm.

Explanation

Cytoplasm is a colloidal suspension that fills the cell and is the site of many cellular activities. It consists of cytosol and organelles, unlike the incorrect answers provided above which do not accurately describe the nature of cytoplasm.

5. What is cytosol?

Des: The process of cell division.

Des: The fluid portion of cytoplasmFx: Surrounds the organelles.

Des: The outermost layer of the cell membrane.

Des: The energy-producing organelles in a cell.

Cytosol is the fluid portion of cytoplasm that surrounds the organelles within a cell.

Explanation

Cytosol is the fluid portion of cytoplasm that surrounds the organelles within a cell.

6. What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Des: Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles responsible for storage and waste disposal in a cell.

Des: Network of membranes within the cytoplasm. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it. Smooth ER does not.Fx: Rough ER sorts proteins and forms them into more complex compounds; smooth ER is involved with lipid synthesis.

Des: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration.

Des: The Golgi Apparatus is a network of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of membranes within the cytoplasm that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, whereas the Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, and Vacuoles have distinct functions within the cell.

Explanation

The Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of membranes within the cytoplasm that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, whereas the Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, and Vacuoles have distinct functions within the cell.

7. What are ribosomes?

They are responsible for energy production through photosynthesis.

These are storage organelles in the cell.

Ribosomes are found only in plant cells.

Des: Small bodies free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER; composed of RNA and proteins.Fx: Manufactures proteins.

8. What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Des: Small vesicles involved in intracellular transport.

Des: Structures that store genetic information.

Des: Organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

Des: Large organelles with folded membranes inside.Fx: Convert energy from nutrients to ATP.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell, where they convert energy from nutrients into ATP, the cell's energy currency, through cellular respiration.

Explanation

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell, where they convert energy from nutrients into ATP, the cell's energy currency, through cellular respiration.

9. What is the Golgi Apparatus responsible for?

Des: Layers of membranesFx: Makes compounds containing proteins; sorts and prepares these compounds for transport to other parts of the cell or out of the cell.

Des: Hallow tubes Fx: Help in storing water within the cell

Des: Circular structure Fx: Responsible for cellular respiration

Des: Long protrusions Fx: Aid in DNA replication

The Golgi Apparatus is an organelle made up of layers of membranes, responsible for the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids. It plays a key role in cellular transportation and is essential for the proper functioning of the cell.

Explanation

The Golgi Apparatus is an organelle made up of layers of membranes, responsible for the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids. It plays a key role in cellular transportation and is essential for the proper functioning of the cell.

10. What are lysosomes?

Structures that store genetic material in the cell

Powerhouses of the cell responsible for energy production

Des: Small sacs of digestive enzymesFx: Digest substances within the cell

Transport channels for the movement of proteins within the cell

Lysosomes are small sacs containing digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down substances within the cell. They are not powerhouses for energy production, structures that store genetic material, or transport channels for proteins.

Explanation

Lysosomes are small sacs containing digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down substances within the cell. They are not powerhouses for energy production, structures that store genetic material, or transport channels for proteins.

11. What is the function of peroxisomes?

Des: Vesicles involved in transporting proteins within the cell. Fx: Production of ATP.

Des: Membrane-enclosed organelles containing enzymes.Fx: Break down harmful substances.

Des: Fluid-filled sacs used for storage of water, ions, and waste products. Fx: Regulate cell shape.

Des: Large organelles with their own DNA. Fx: Synthesize proteins for cellular functions.

Peroxisomes are membrane-enclosed organelles containing enzymes that are involved in breaking down harmful substances within the cell.

Explanation

Peroxisomes are membrane-enclosed organelles containing enzymes that are involved in breaking down harmful substances within the cell.

12. What are vesicles?

B: Long, hair-like structures on the cell surface.

Des: Small membrane-bound sacs in the cytoplasm.Fx: Store materials and move materials into or out of the cell in bulk.

A: Large membrane-bound organelles in the nucleus.

C: Fluid-filled sacs located in the mitochondria.

Vesicles are small membrane-bound sacs in the cytoplasm that play a key role in storing and transporting materials within the cell.

Explanation

Vesicles are small membrane-bound sacs in the cytoplasm that play a key role in storing and transporting materials within the cell.

13. What are centrioles?

Small organelles found in plant cells responsible for ATP production.

Filamentous structures involved in protein synthesis within the cytoplasm.

Des: Rod-shaped bodies (usually two) near the nucleus.Fx: Help separate the chromosomes during cell division.

Fluid-filled sacs located within the cell responsible for storage of water and nutrients.

Centrioles are rod-shaped bodies found near the nucleus, not small organelles responsible for ATP production, filamentous structures involved in protein synthesis, or fluid-filled sacs for storage.

Explanation

Centrioles are rod-shaped bodies found near the nucleus, not small organelles responsible for ATP production, filamentous structures involved in protein synthesis, or fluid-filled sacs for storage.

14. What are cilia?

Des: Short, hairlike projections from the cell.Fx: Move the fluids around the cell.

C) Branching structures that help with cell division.

A) Long, tentacle-like structures on the cell surface.

B) Round, solid structures inside the cell.

Cilia are actually short, hairlike projections from the cell that help move fluids around the cell, not long tentacle-like structures, round solid structures, or branching structures for cell division.

Explanation

Cilia are actually short, hairlike projections from the cell that help move fluids around the cell, not long tentacle-like structures, round solid structures, or branching structures for cell division.

15. What is the function of a flagellum in a cell?

Des: Round, bubble-like structure on the cell. Fx: Stores excess nutrients for the cell.

Des: Long, whiplike extension from the cell.Fx: Moves the cell.

Des: Short, hairlike extension from the cell. Fx: Helps the cell sense its environment.

Des: Flat, disc-shaped organelle in the cell. Fx: Produces energy for the cell.

The flagellum is a long, whiplike extension from the cell that helps in cell movement. It is not a short, hairlike structure for sensing the environment, a round bubble-like structure for nutrient storage, or a flat disc-shaped organelle for energy production.

Explanation

The flagellum is a long, whiplike extension from the cell that helps in cell movement. It is not a short, hairlike structure for sensing the environment, a round bubble-like structure for nutrient storage, or a flat disc-shaped organelle for energy production.