Biology Flash Cards- Meiosis And Mitosis

Proteins called histones play a crucial role in packaging DNA in eukaryotic cells, helping condense the DNA into a compact structure that fits into the nucleus. Mitochondria, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus do not directly play a role in enabling the amount of DNA to fit into the nucleus.

A karyotype allows us to view the chromosomes and determine the sex of an individual by arranging the chromosomes by size and shape.

Homologous chromosomes are similar because they have the same size and shape and contain the same genes, although they may have different alleles for those genes.

Chromosome count doesn't necessarily indicate complexity, evolutionary advancement, or intelligence of an organism.

This question is asking about a general concept in genetics, specifically referring to structures within a cell related to genetic material. The correct answer is 'a- chromosome,' which is the condensed form of DNA in the cell nucleus. The incorrect answers provide other related terms such as centromere, homologous pair, and chromatids, which are also important components in genetic processes but not the broad category being asked for in the question.

The correct stages of the cell cycle are G1, S phase, G2, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis with specific events occurring in each stage as described in the correct answer.

The correct answer outlines the specific phases of mitosis, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The incorrect answers provided are not phases of mitosis but are related processes or stages in the cell cycle to test knowledge of the topic further.

Cytokinesis in a plant cell involves the formation of a cell plate, which eventually transforms into the cell wall, completing the process of cell division.

The G1 phase is crucial for cellular growth and preparing for DNA replication. Skipping this phase would lead to a lack of growth, resulting in smaller offspring that may not be viable.

Telophase is the final stage of cell division where the separated chromosomes decondense and new nuclear envelopes form around each set, preparing for the end of the cell division process.

Metaphase is the stage in the cell cycle where chromosomes align in the middle of the cell before separating into two new cells. Prophase is the initial stage where chromosomes condense, anaphase is when chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell, and telophase is the final stage where two new nuclei are formed.

Prophase is the first stage of mitosis where the chromosomes condense and become visible as individual structures. Metaphase is the second stage where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Anaphase is the third stage where the chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell. Telophase is the final stage where the nucleus re-forms and the cell prepares for division.

In anaphase, the chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell, while in metaphase they are aligned in the middle, in prophase they condense, and in telophase, the cell begins to divide.

Genetic recombination during meiosis involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes through crossing over and the random separation of those chromosomes to create genetic diversity.

Meiosis 1 results in two diploid cells, each with a unique combination of maternal and paternal chromosomes, while meiosis 2 results in four haploid cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes from two individuals, resulting in genetically identical offspring. This lack of genetic recombination can be both an advantage and a disadvantage.

During anaphase 2 of meiosis, the sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell, leading to the formation of haploid daughter cells.

During metaphase 1 of meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in pairs, ready for separation in anaphase 1. This is a crucial step in genetic recombination.

Anaphase 1 is the phase in meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell, while in metaphase 2, prophase 1, and telophase 1, different processes occur at different stages of meiosis.

Metaphase 2 is the stage in meiosis where chromosomes align in the center of the cell before separating into daughter cells.